21. Encyclopedia: 1237 Deaths; John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople;jordanus nemorarius, German scientist Monarchs/Presidents; http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/1237

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #35 Almost half of Ecuador is protected Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: Apr 16, 2004 Encyclopedia Centuries 12th century 13th century ... Decades Years: Events Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders Elblag Poland is founded. The Mongols invades Russia Gualdo Tadino Italy , is destroyed by fire. The County of Artois is founded in France Baldwin II becomes Latin Emperor of Constantinople Conrad IV of Germany becomes King of Germany The Livonian Brothers of the Sword unite with the Teutonic Knights Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

22. .. A História Da Matemática .. Translate this page jordanus nemorarius já começa a utilizar letras para significar um número qualquer,e ademais introduz os sinais de + (mais) e - (menos) sob a forma das http://educar.sc.usp.br/licenciatura/2003/hm/page01.htm

23. The Math Forum - Math Library - Golden Ratio/Fibonacci Learn about the lives of Fibonacci and other important mathematicians LeonardoFibonacci, Édouard Lucas, Jacques Binet, jordanus nemorarius. http://mathforum.org/library/topics/golden_ratio/

Browse and Search the Library Home Math Topics Arithmetic/Early Number Sense/About Numbers : Golden Ratio/Fibonacci Library Home Search Full Table of Contents Suggest a Link ... Library Help Selected Sites (see also All Sites in this category Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Section - Ron Knott Information about the Fibonacci series, including a brief biography of Fibonacci, the numerical properties of the series, and the ways it is manifested in nature. Fibonacci numbers are closely related to the golden ratio (also known as the golden mean, golden number, golden section) and golden string. Includes: geometric applications of the golden ratio; Fibonacci puzzles; the Fibonacci rabbit binary sequence; the golden section in art, architecture, and music; using Fibonacci bases to represent integers; Fibonacci Forgeries (or "Fibonacci Fibs"); Lucas Numbers; a list of Fibonacci and Phi Formulae; references; and ways to use Fibonacci numbers to calculate the golden ratio. more>> The Fibonacci Series - Matt Anderson, Jeffrey Frazier, and Kris Popendorf; ThinkQuest 1999 more>> Aesthetics, dynamic symmetry, equations, the Divine Proportion, the Fibonacci sequence, the Golden rectangle, logarithmic spirals, formulas, links to other MathSoft pages mentioning the Golden Mean, and print references. Also available as MathML more>> Golden Ratio, Fibonacci Sequence - Math Forum, Ask Dr. Math FAQ

24. Math Forum Electronic Newsletter relates to the golden ratio; learn about the lives of Fibonacci and other mathematicians(Edouard Lucas, Jacques Binet, jordanus nemorarius); and explore some http://mathforum.org/electronic.newsletter/mf.intnews4.38.html

Volume 4, Number 38 Back to Table of Contents Artlandia THE FIBONACCI SERIES Anderson, Frazier, Popendorf; ThinkQuest 1999 http://library.advanced.org/27890/ http://cctc.commnet.edu/lta/ http://www.artlandia.com/ A Mathematica-based application for artistic interpretation of data and creating mathematical and algorithmic art. The software provides a selection of tools for constructing geometrical objects from numerical arrays, distributing geometric shapes over the plane, and making and manipulating lattices and wallpaper patterns, as well as performing graphics operations and transformations. Algorithms attempt to balance the perfectly predictable and symmetric with the creative and random. The site includes a graphics gallery and display of user-created art. Artlandia requires Mathematica 3.0 or higher and is available for all platforms that run Mathematica. The student version can be purchased at a discount; see also Artlandia'sinteractive program, Kaleidoscope. http://www.artlandia.com/software/kaleidoscope/

25. Attività e 1562); Opera Archimedis (Venezia 1543); jordanus nemorarius (Venezia 1565 http://www.bibliotecavigano.it/cd.htm

Attività Prodotti Multimediali: CD-ROM Catalogo della Biblioteca di Storia delle Scienze "Carlo Viganò". Nota tecnica e bibliografica. Fondo Antico (1482-1800) e Fondo manoscritti Riproduzione elettronica a cura di Pierluigi Pizzamiglio, realizzata da Ad Ministra, Brescia 1999. Francesco Lana Terzi S.J. (1631-1687), Scritti scientifici Riproduzione elettronica a cura di Pierluigi Pizzamiglio, realizzata da Ad Ministra, Brescia 1998, due cd-rom. Volume I : Giovanni Rodella, Notizie intorno alla vita ed agli scritti di Francesco Lana Terzi (1784); F.Lana Terzi, Prodromo all'Arte Maestra (Brescia 1670); F.Lana Terzi, Storia naturale del bresciano, trad. italiana edita da Cristoforo Pilati in "Saggio di storia naturale bresciana" (Brescia 1796). Volume II . F.Lana Terzi, Magisterium Naturae et Artis (Brescia 1684 e 1686; Parma 1692)

26. TIMELINE 13th CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE The three mathematically deepest Germans of the century were jordanus nemorarius(also known as Jordanus de Saxonia); Albertus Magnus (so widely learned that http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline13.html

TIMELINE 13th CENTURY Return to Timeline Table of Contents Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents TIMELINE 13th CENTURY May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are hotlinks here to authors, magazines, films, or television items elsewhere in the Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide or beyond. Most recently updated: 13 Apr 2003 (48 expanded to 59 Kilobytes). It also utilizes facts from Volume I of D.E. Smith's " History of Mathematics " [(c) 1921 by David Eugene Smith; (c) 1951 by May Luse Smith; New York: Dover, 1958]. Arguably the best book on the century is " The Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries " by J. J. Walsh [New York, 1907]. Executive Summary of the Century Major Books of the Decade 1200-1210 Major Books of the Decade 1210-1220 Major Books of the Decade 1220-1230 ... Where to Go for More : 51 Useful Reference Books Executive Summary of the 13th Century This Century marks the final flowering of Chivalry: Armored Knights on horseback, and the bloody Fourth through Eighth

27. WebQuest:  Resources Fibonacci.html. jordanus nemorarius. http//wwwgap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Jordanus.html.Nicole of Oresme. http//www http://michelle_sinclair.tripod.com/resources.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated Back to WebQuest (The teacher is not responsible for any inappropriate material the student may find on the internet while researching for this project) MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/index.html Mathematicians in Richard S. Westfall's Archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/External/Westfall_list.html Who was Fibonacci? http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fibonacci.html Jordanus Nemorarius http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Jordanus.html Nicole of Oresme http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oresme.html Regiomontanus http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Regiomontanus.html Ludovico Ferrari http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ferrari.html Francois Viete http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Viete.html

28. WebQuest:  Algebra Adventures In The Middle Ages LEONARD OF PISA (FIBONACCI) NICOLAS CHUQUET. jordanus nemorarius SCIPIONE DELFERRO. NICOLE OF ORESME NICCOLO TARTAGLIA. REGIOMONTANUS GIROLAMO CARDANO. http://michelle_sinclair.tripod.com/mes.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Check out the NEW Hotbot Tell me when this page is updated by Michelle Sinclair cLICK HERE TO e-MAIL ME back to index page INTRODUCTION tASK ... NOTES TO TEACHER (INCLUDES STANDARDS) Introduction The year is 3003. You have been selected by the government to be a part of a team of researchers to time travel to the past and study the beginnings of modern math. The time period of focus starts with the middle ages and continues through the Renaissance. This was the age of discovery complete with the growth of universities and the leadership of both a Pope and an Emperor. TASK Your team will be assigned a certain mathematician as your subject of research. Each team member with have tasks to fulfill and information to retrieve. Your results when you return will be presented to an audience of your peers and evaluated by them. The central question of your presentation is "How does this mathematician's algebra compare to our prior algebra studies?" Your team will also compile a portfolio to present your findings. Let's get started. Back to top PROCESS Each member of the team will play a different role. You select amongst yourselves to be a Mathematician, a Historian or a Teacher.

29. Math History - Middle Ages About 1225, jordanus nemorarius writes on astronomy. In mathematicshe uses letters in an early form of algebraic notation. 1247, http://lahabra.seniorhigh.net/pages/teachers/pages/math/timeline/MmiddleAges.htm

30. CHRONOLOGY OF MATHEMATICIANS 1260 CAMPANUS TRISECTION. 1260 jordanus nemorarius ARITHMETICA. 1270 WILLIAMOF MOERBEKE TRANSLATION OF ARCHIMEDES. 1274 DEATH OF NASIR EDDIN. http://users.adelphia.net/~mathhomeworkhelp/timeline.html

CHRONOLOGY OF MATHEMATICIANS -1100 CHOU-PEI -585 THALES OF MILETUS: DEDUCTIVE GEOMETRY PYTHAGORAS : ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRY -450 PARMENIDES: SPHERICAL EARTH -430 DEMOCRITUS -430 PHILOLAUS: ASTRONOMY -430 HIPPOCRATES OF CHIOS: ELEMENTS -428 ARCHYTAS -420 HIPPIAS: TRISECTRIX -360 EUDOXUS: PROPORTION AND EXHAUSTION -350 MENAECHMUS: CONIC SECTIONS -350 DINOSTRATUS: QUADRATRIX -335 EUDEMUS: HISTORY OF GEOMETRY -330 AUTOLYCUS: ON THE MOVING SPHERE -320 ARISTAEUS: CONICS EUCLID : THE ELEMENTS -260 ARISTARCHUS: HELIOCENTRIC ASTRONOMY -230 ERATOSTHENES: SIEVE -225 APOLLONIUS: CONICS -212 DEATH OF ARCHIMEDES -180 DIOCLES: CISSOID -180 NICOMEDES: CONCHOID -180 HYPSICLES: 360 DEGREE CIRCLE -150 PERSEUS: SPIRES -140 HIPPARCHUS: TRIGONOMETRY -60 GEMINUS: ON THE PARALLEL POSTULATE +75 HERON OF ALEXANDRIA 100 NICOMACHUS: ARITHMETICA 100 MENELAUS: SPHERICS 125 THEON OF SMYRNA: PLATONIC MATHEMATICS PTOLEMY : THE ALMAGEST 250 DIOPHANTUS: ARITHMETICA 320 PAPPUS: MATHEMATICAL COLLECTIONS 390 THEON OF ALEXANDRIA 415 DEATH OF HYPATIA 470 TSU CH'UNG-CHI: VALUE OF PI 476 ARYABHATA 485 DEATH OF PROCLUS 520 ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES AND ISIDORE OF MILETUS 524 DEATH OF BOETHIUS 560 EUTOCIUS: COMMENTARIES ON ARCHIMEDES 628 BRAHMA-SPHUTA-SIDDHANTA 662 BISHOP SEBOKHT: HINDU NUMERALS 735 DEATH OF BEDE 775 HINDU WORKS TRANSLATED INTO ARABIC 830 AL-KHWARIZMI: ALGEBRA 901 DEATH OF THABIT IBN - QURRA 998 DEATH OF ABU'L - WEFA 1037 DEATH OF AVICENNA 1039 DEATH OF ALHAZEN

31. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï Marie Ennemond Camille Jordan Born 5 Jan 1838 in Lyon, France Died 22 Jan 1922in Milan, Italy Jordanus, jordanus nemorarius Born 1225 in France Died 1260 http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=J

32. Nicolo Fontana De Brescia Translate this page dos “Elementos” de Euclides (uma anterior de Pacioli ter-se-ia perdido), assimcomo versões e edições de obras de Arquimedes e de jordanus nemorarius. http://www.educ.fc.ul.pt/docentes/opombo/seminario/renascenca/tartaglia.htm

[Home] [O Episódio] [Os personagens] [O problema] ... [Quem somos] Nicolo Fontana de Brescia (Tartaglia) Nicolo Fontana de Brescia, mais conhecido por Tartaglia, nasceu em Brescia por volta de 1500 e morreu em Veneza em 1557. O seu apelido Tartaglia, tem uma história curiosa, que ele mesmo conta no seu livro “ Quesiti et inventioni diverse” e que em traços largos, é a seguinte: em 1512, quando Brescia foi saqueada pelas tropas francesas comandadas por Gaston de Foix, Nicolo procurou refugio, com a mãe e a irmã, da igreja da cidade, julgando ser um sítio seguro. Mas os soldados nem esses locais pouparam e Nicolo foi gravemente ferido com golpes na cabeça e na face. A mãe, viúva e sem meios para pagar a um médico, tratou-lhe das feridas, com a sua própria saliva, do mesmo modo que os animais tratam os seus filhos. Nicolo salvou-se, mas ficou sempre com grande dificuldade em falar, tendo assim ficado com a alcunha de Tartaglia , que significa gago . Esse nome ficou-lhe durante muito tempo como lembrança da sua desgraça e, por isso, resolveu adopta-lo, passando a chamar-se Nicolo Tartaglia. Oriundo de uma família muito pobre, só aos catorze anos e pelos próprios meios aprendeu a escrever, mas isso não foi obstáculo a que viesse a ser engenheiro e a ensinar matemática em cidades italianas como Verona, Veneza, Piacenza e Brescia. Além disso, fez trabalhos importantes onde demonstrou muitos conhecimentos de aritmética, geometria, álgebra, balística e estática.

33. MatematicaMENTE Translate this page Más tarde, griegos, hindúes y jordanus nemorarius empezaron a indicar la sumamediante yuxtaposición, y los italianos la denotaban con las letras Pop http://ar.geocities.com/matematicamente/signos2.htm

Historia de la matemática Historia de la Matemática Biografías Temas Curiosidades ... Libro de visitas Más tarde, griegos, hindúes y Jordanus Nemorarius empezaron a indicar la suma mediante yuxtaposición, y los italianos la denotaban con las letras P o p atravesadas con una raya, pero estos símbolos no eran uniformes. Algunos utilizaban la p, otros la e, y el italiano Niccoló Tartaglia solía expresar la operación como Æ. Los algebristas alemanes e ingleses introdujeron el signo +, al que denominaron signum additorum, al principoio sólo se utilizaba para indicar excedentes. Diofante utilizaba el signo ´ para indicar la sustracción. Los hindúes usaban un punto y los algebristas italianos la representaban con una M o m y con una raza atravesando la letra. Los algebristas alemanes e ingleses fueron los primeros en utilizar el signo actual al que denominaron signum subtractorum. Los signos + y - fueron usados por primera vez en 1489 por el alemán Johann Widman. William Oughtred fue el primero en usar el signo x en vez de la palabra "veces". Gottfried Wihelm Leidniz utilizaba un punto para indicar la multiplicación y , en 1637, rene Descartes empezó a usar la yuxtaposición de los factores. En 1688 Leibniz utilizó Ç para denotar la multiplicación y É para la división. Los hindúes colocaban el divisor debajo del dividendo. Leibniz usó la forma más conocida a:b.

34. 1270. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History Also at Paris was jordanus nemorarius (d. 1237), a German, who wrote arithmeticaland geometrical treatises and worked in physics. 3. 1270–85. http://www.bartleby.com/67/452.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History c. France PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. Louis's Second Crusade . Probably influenced by Charles of Anjou, who cherished far-reaching Mediterranean ambitions, Louis set out for Tunis. He died of pestilence without accomplishing anything.

35. First Scottish Books (Chepman & Myller Prints) - Digital Library - National Libr the clearest example is provided by David Lauxius of Edinburgh, who was named asa press corrector in the colophon of jordanus nemorarius, Arithmetica, printed http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/chepman/history.htm

When Walter Chepman and Androw Myllar set up the first Scottish press in 1508, over fifty years had passed since printing with moveable types was first carried out in Germany (the completion of the Gutenberg Bible dates from late 1454 or 1455), whence it spread to other countries in mainland Europe, and then to England, where William Caxton, who had earlier done some printing in Cologne and Bruges, set up his press in Westminster in 1476. Therefore over thirty years separated the beginning of printing in Scotland from its beginning in England, and then the know-how spread from France and not England. But between the 1450s and 1508 Scots were not strangers to books and their printing, and it was largely the close relations between France and Scotland which were responsible for this. Many Scots went to France or occasionally elsewhere in mainland Europe for their higher education, and they brought back printed books. Some of them also had their work published on the Continent: for example, the two undated books by the Aberdonian philosopher James Liddell, Ars obligatoria logicalis and Tractatus conceptuum et signorum Arithmetica , printed in Paris in 1496. It was in this tradition that, in 1505 and 1506, Androw Myllar had two books (one with his windmill device) printed for him in Rouen.

36. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #11 (09/01/1994) Menso Folkerts (München, Germany) Richard Lorch (Frankfurt) Arabicsources for the mathematical works of jordanus nemorarius;. http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_11.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-11 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWSLETTER #11 Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings Current research interests Notes and queries ... back to AMUCHMA ONLINE Higher Pedagogical Institute (ISP), Maputo (Mozambique), 1.9.1993 2. MEETINGS 2.1 4th MaghrIbian Symposium on the History of Arabic Mathematics The 4th MaghrIbian Symposium on the History of Arabic Mathematics was held at the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University in Fez (Morocco), organized by Mohamed Aballagh, Mohamed Abattouy, and Mohamed Mesbahi. The following papers were presented in Arabic, English, or French dealing with the arabic mathematical sciences, their application and reception during the Middle Ages: * Ahmed Djebbar (Algiers, Algeria): Some aspects of mathematical activities in the extreme Maghreb from the XIIth to the XVIth centuries; * Mohamed Benchrifa (Rabat, Morocco): Presence of mathematics in some Andalusian literary writings; * Moustafa Mawaldi (Aleppo, Syria): Study of the manuscript 'Risala fi-l-Hisab-l-Hawa'i' of Najm ad-Din al-Katibi; * Rachid Bebbouchi (Bab-Ez-Zonar, Algeria): Redaction techniques in mathematics: Arabic heritage and actual reality in Algeria;

37. TruePhysics Physics In A New Way. 1155, Bhaskara, first description of a perpetual motion machine. 1225,jordanus nemorarius, mechanics of lever and composition of motion. http://www.truephysics.com/timeline/timeline1_1300.html

38. -50 000 Translate this page Fibonacci Liber abaci. 1260. Trissecção de Campanus (aprox.). jordanus nemorariusArithmetica (aprox.). 1270. Wm. de Moerbeke traduz Arquimedes (aprox.). 1274. http://planeta.terra.com.br/educacao/calculu/Historia/cronologia.htm

Chou Pei Tales de Mileto; geometria dedutiva (?) Numerais em barra, na China (aprox.) Astronomia de Filolaus (aprox.) Morte de Teaetetus Dinostrato sobre quadratriz (aprox.) Os elementos de Euclides (aprox.) Morte de Arquimedes Trigonometria de Hiparco (aprox.) Geminus sobre postulado das paralelas (aprox.) Obras de Heron de Alexandria (aprox.) Menelau: Esferas (aprox.) Ptolomeu: O Almajesto (aprox.) Morte de Hipatia Tsu Ch'ung-Chi: valor de (aprox.) Nascimento de Aryabhata Morte de Proclus Fechamento das escolas de Atenas Brahmasphuta siddhanta bispo Sebokht menciona os numerais hindus AI-Khowarizmi: Algebra (aprox.) Morte de Thabit ibn-Qurra Morte de abu'I-Wefa Morte de Avicena Morte de Alhazen Morte de al-Biruni Nascimento de Bhaskara Morte de Omar Khayyam Adelar de Bath traduz Euclides Fibonacci: Liber abaci Jordanus Nemorarius: Arithmetica (aprox.) Wm. de Moerbeke traduz Arquimedes (aprox.) Morte de Nasir Eddin Bradwardine: Liber de proportionibus Morte de Richard of Wallingford Latitude de formas de Oresme (aprox.) Morte de al-Kashi Morte de Nicholas de Cusa Peurbach : Nova teoria dos planetas Morte de Regiomontanus Uso de + e - por Widmann Uso do ponto decimal por Pellos Pacioli: Summa Rudolff: Coss Morte de Scipione dal Ferro Tartaglia publica o Arquimedes de Moerbeke Recorde: Whetstone of Witte Nascimento de Galileu Bombelli: Algebra Stevin: La disme Relato de Harriot sobre "Virginia" Pitiscus: Trigonometria Kepler: Astronomia nova Logaritmos de Napier Oughtred: Clavis mathematicae Cavalieri: Geometria indivisibilibus

39. Algorismus I Hauksbok Tallteoretiske verk som bygger på en gresk tradisjon fra Euklidog Nikomakos via Boëthius til jordanus nemorarius (ca. 1225). http://www.afl.hitos.no/mahist/hauksbok/

Algorismus i Hauksbok (Utdrag fra Nordisk matematikkdidaktikk nr 1, 1995. Tilrettelagt for internett av Steinar Thorvaldsen Av Otto B. Bekken e-post: Otto.B.Bekken@hia.no Haukr Erlendsson ( ? -1334) Hauksbok Algorismus Kildene Muhammed Al-Khwarizmi algebra Algoritmi de numero Indorum ". En versjon finnes i dag i Cambridge, og teksten begynner slik (Vogel, 1963, p. 9): Om indernes tall ved IX tegn Ellers legger vi merke til at Al-Khwarizmis navn er blitt latinisert til algorizmi algoritme , og herfra kommer Hauksboks betegnelse Algorismus Leonardo Fibonacci fra Pisas " Liber Abaci " fra 1202. Alexander de Villa Dei's " Carmen de Algorismo " fra tida etter 1200 Johannis de Sacroboscos " Algorismus Vulgaris " fra ca. 1230. Forfatteren av " Carmen de Algorismo Alexander de Villa Dei Carmen de Algorismo" Kampen mellom de to tallsystemer ...nothing would have astonished a Greek mathematician more than the whole population of Europe being able to perform division ... our modern power of easy reckoning is the result of a perfect notation. (A.N. Whitehead)

40. Medieval Mathematics Two Figures From The Later Middle Ages On the other hand, there is a strong likelihood that the works of another author,jordanus nemorarius, on the Hindu numerals were being utilized for http://www.math.rutgers.edu/courses/436/Honors02/medieval.html

Medieval Mathematics: Two Figures from the Later Middle Ages Teresa Kuo Demonstratio de algorismo , which details the Arabic number system and its use of integers. Other treatises include the Demonstratio de minutiis, which covered fractions, and the Liber phylotegni de triangulis, wh ich highlighted geometric proofs [4, p. I182]. His work De numeris datis Let the given number be abc and let it be divided into two parts ab and c, and let d be the given product of the parts ab and c. Let the square of ab be e and let four times d be f, and let g be the result of taking f from e. Then g is the square of the difference between ab and c. Let h be the square root of g. Then h is the difference between ab and c. Since h is known, c and ab are determined [1, p. 284]. Nemorarius, unlike Euclid however, did not state that the variables were to be regarded as being line segments, but this was inferred. A different medieval mathematician credited with using Hindu-Arabic numerals was Leonardo de Pisa, a contemporary of Ne morarius. Leonardo de Pisa, (ca. 1180-1250), was born in Pisa (now part of Italy) and was the son of Guglielmo Bonaccio (from "Fibonacci", or "son of Bonaccio", is derived). This, and most information concerning the life of Fibonacci comes from an autobiographical passage in the beginning of the one of his works, the Liber Abbaci (a2 + b2)(c2+d2) = (ac + bd)2 + (bc - ad)2 = (ad + bc)2 + (ac - bd)2

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