21. Bibliography ibn sinan, ibrahim, 908946, Rasail ibn sinan = The works of ibrahim ibn sinan /haqqaqah Ahmad Salim Saidan, Kuwait, The National Council for Culture, Arts and http://www.library.cornell.edu/math/bibliography/display.cgi?start=I&

22. Re: Greek Methods Of "Analysis" And "Synthesis" By Antreas P. Hatzipolakis From ZfM Bellosta, Helene ibrahim ibn sinan On analysis and synthesis.(English) J Arab. Sci. Philos. 1, No.2, 211232 (1991). http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/plyhysi/v01540B01B2540A218643@[19

Re: Greek methods of "Analysis" and "Synthesis" by Antreas P. Hatzipolakis reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to messages on this topic Back to math-history-list Subject: Re: Greek methods of "Analysis" and "Synthesis" Author: xpolakis@hol.gr Date: The Math Forum

23. Chapter 9 9, h 6. Ali ibn ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from‘Abdallah ibn sinan from abu ‘Abdallah (as) who has said the following. http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/books/hadith/al-kafi/part2/part2-ch9.htm

24. Chapter 26 It is narrated from Ali ibn ibrahim from his father from Aloi ibn Ma‘bad fromWasil ibn Sulayman from ‘Abdallah ibn sinan who has said the following. http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/books/hadith/al-kafi/part3/part3-ch26.htm

25. Hélène Bellosta ibrahim ibn sinan Logique, etGéométrie au Xe siècle, 809 pages, (Brill, Leyden, mai 2000). http://chspam.vjf.cnrs.fr/Personnel/Bellosta.htm

e-mail : h.bellosta@free.fr LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS Ouvrages Articles Ouvrages : R. Rashed H. Bellosta Ibrahim Ibn Sinan : Logique, et Géométrie au Xe siècle , 809 pages, (Brill, Leyden, mai 2000). Participation à des ouvrages collectifs : Histoire des sciences arabes , sous la direction de R. Rashed avec la collaboration de R. Morelon , volume 2 Mathématiques et Physique , révision et mise à jour du chapitre géométrie (p. 121-162), Paris, Seuil, octobre 1997. États, sociétés et cultures du monde musulman médiéval (X-XVe) , sous la direction de J.C. Garcin, tome 2 Sociétés et cultures (chapitre XII Philosophes et savants, Les Mathématiciens p. 376-380), tome 3 Problèmes et perspectives de recherches (chapitre XI Destin de la pensée musulmane médiévale, les Sciences mathématiques p. 197-200), Paris, février 2000  (P.U.F. Nouvelle Clio). Encyclopédie italienne , 3 chapitres : La géométrie des coniques, problèmes de lieux, de contacts, de constructions (avec Ph. Abgrall La Géométrie pratique Les géomètres et la cinématique Choix de textes scientifiques et philosophiques médiévaux Mathématiques, Quadrivium, Optique

26. The Encyclopedia Of Language And Linguistics Electronic Index ibn Malik, 1 195 ibn Qutayba, 1 415 ibn Sina, 1 194 ibn sinan alKhafaji, 1189 ibn Sidah, 1 189, 201 ibn Sina, 1 191 ibn Yacish, 1 189 ibrahim MH, 1 http://www1.elsevier.com/homepage/sal/ellei/data/name/i.html

Content Index ELLEI Homepage Select a letter from the menu below: A B C D ... Z Ibn al-Anbari, 1: 202 Ibn al-Banna', 1: 189 Ibn al-Jazari, 1: 190 Ibn al-Sarraj, 1: 197, 202; 2: 862; 3: 1628 Ibn al-Tahhan, 1: 190, 191 Ibn Battuta, 4: 1780 Ibn Duraid, 1: 201, 202 Ibn-Durayd, 1: 189 Ibn Hawk, 1: 334 Ibn Hazm, 1: 200; 3: 1475 Ibn Janah, 3: 1627; 6: 3415 Ibn Jinni, 1: 188, 189, 191, 194, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202 Ibn Khaldoun, 1: 334 Ibn Mada' al-Qurtubi, 1: 197, 200, 202; 3: 1628 Ibn Malik, 1: 195 Ibn Qutayba, 1: 415 Ibn Sina, 1: 194 Ibn Sinan al-Khafaji, 1: 189 Ibn Sidah, 1: 189, 201 Ibn Sina, 1: 191 Ibn Yacish, 1: 189 Ibrahim M H, 1: 192, 194 Ibrahim Mustafa wa Ahmad Amin, 1: 202 Ickes W, 7: 3595 Ide N, 2: 672; 5: 2376 Ide S, 3: 1608; 6: 3208, 3211; 7: 3867 Idel M, 3: 1347 Igwe G E, 9: 4628 Ihre J, 3: 1427, 1558, 1559, 1565 Ijsewijn J, 2: 443 Ikegami Y, 4: 2279, 2282 Ikle F C, 6: 3213, 3214 Ikuta S, 3: 1608; 6: 3211; 7: 3867 Ilari R, 6: 3236 Illberg F W, 9: 4608 Illich I, 5: 2434, 2436 Illich-Svitych V, 3: 1500; 5: 2838 Illyc-Svitc V M, 2: 489

27. Publ. J.P.Hogendijk. ibrahim ibn sinan (Iraq? 909946) kitAb fi AlAt al-a.zlAl (On ShadowInstruments), in Die Schrift des ibrahim b. sinan b. Tabit http://www.math.uu.nl/people/hogend/publar.html

Editions and translations of medieval Arabic texts by J.P.Hogendijk: Euclid, On Divisions (lost in Greek), ed. and trans. of Arabic text in " The Arabic version of Euclid's On Division (1994) ". pseudo-Archimedes, kitAb `amal al-dA'irat al-maqsUma bi-sab`at aqsAm mutasAwiya (Book on the division of the circle into seven equal parts), prop. 17 and 18 in "Greek and Arabic constructions of the heptagon" (1984). Ahmad ibn Shakir ibn Musa (Baghdad, 9th century), qawl fi tathlIth al-zAwiya al-mustaqIma al-kha.t.tayn (treatise on the trisection of the rectilinear angle), in "How trisections.. " (1980). Nu`aim ibn Muhammad ibn Musa (Baghdad? late 9th century?) masA'il hansasiyya (Geometrical problems) in "The geometrical problems " (2003). Al-Nayrizi (Iraq, ca. 900) risala li-fa.dl ibn .hAtim al-nayrIzI fi samt al-qibla (Letter by Fadl ibn Hatim al-Nayrizi on the azimuth of the qibla) in: " Al-Nayrizi's Mysterious Determination of the Azimuth of the Qibla at Baghdad," (2000). risala li-fa.dl ibn .hAtim al-nayrIzI fi bayAn al-mu.sAdara al-mashhUra li-uqlIdis

28. Paul Luckey (1884-1949) of Islamic mathematics Paul Luckey (18841949) will appear in the edition of Luckey s1941 dissertation on an Arabic treatise by ibrahim ibn sinan (909-946) on http://www.math.uu.nl/people/hogend/luckey.html

The following biography of the historian of Islamic mathematics Paul Luckey (1884-1949) will appear in the edition of Luckey's 1941 dissertation on an Arabic treatise by Ibrahim ibn Sinan (909-946) on sundials, to be published by the Institute for History of Arabic-Islamic Science in Frankfurt. The same book will contain a bibliography of Paul Luckey. C. Paul Luckey (1884-1949) Paul Luckey was one of the foremost historians of Arabic-Islamic mathematics in the 20th century. The following biography has been compiled from the Lebenslauf on pp. 199-200 of his dissertation and from the information which has kindly been provided by Prof. Dr. Anton Schall (Heidelberg) and Frau Dr. Katharina Seifert (Heidelberg), who both knew Luckey. Christian Paul Luckey was born on December 26, 1884, in Elberfeld near Wuppertal in Germany. He studied mathematics, science and philosophy in Marburg, Berlin and Munich. He became a highschool teacher in his native town of Elberfeld from 1912 to 1924. His teaching career was interrupted by World War I. Between 1915 and 1918 he fought in the German army in various battles in Belgium and he was severely wounded in the summer of 1916. In 1924 he moved to Marburg, where he worked as a grammar-school teacher until his early retirement in 1932. In 1924 and 1928 he also taught applied mathematics and history of mathematics at the University of Marburg. Luckey published a paper ([42] in the bibliography) in the Nazi journal Deutsche Mathematik , and in some of his papers there are statements about the supposed Aryan origin of al-Biruni and other medieval Islamic mathematicians. However, the publications of Luckey are apolitical and he may have added the above-mentioned sentences to facilitate the publication of his papers under the Hitler regime.

29. Mathematics Fibonacci numbers. ibrahim, ibn sinan known for his work on geometricaltransformations and the geometry linked with circles. http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/aussieed/mathematics.htm

a total education web page for Australia Mathematics Need a calculator ? Try this for simple or scientific work. You should also check the following : Other Mathematics Related Pages : Cross Curricula Resources Mathematics Teaching Resources Mathematics (Tertiary) Statistics (Tertiary) A - F - if you want to know anything about the value of PI, then this web site from the Thinkquest library will give you the history, religious connections, interactive information and a great deal more. Abacus, The - detailed information about the Chinese style abacus, still in use in many places. Another site, Discover the Abacus, provides simulations and tutorials. Algebra Explorations - StudyWorks ! Online - work with a range of different problems to help develop your understanding of algebra and the algebraic method. Algebra, The Art of - described as a history of algebra 'from Al-Khwarizmi to Viète'. Algebra Story and Word Problems - a mass of problems based on concepts and linked to varying levels of schooling. Interactive approach used.

30. Mathem_abbrev ibn Ishaq Hunayn ibn Qurra, Thabit ibn Sina (Avicenna) ibn sinan, ibrahim ibn Yunus,Abu lHasan ibn Yusuf Ahmed, ibrahim, ibn sinan Jacobi, Karl Jafar, Abu al http://www.pbcc.cc.fl.us/faculty/domnitcj/mgf1107/mathrep1.htm

Mathematician Report Index Below is a list of mathematicians. You may choose from this list or report on a mathematician not listed here. In either case, you must discuss with me the mathematician you have chosen prior to starting your report. No two students may write a report on the same mathematician. I would advise you to go to the library before choosing your topic as there might not be much information on the mathematician you have chosen. Also, you should determine the topic early in the term so that you can "lock-in" your report topic!! The report must include: 1. The name of the mathematician. 2. The years the mathematician was alive. 3. A biography. 4. The mathematician's major contribution(s) to mathematics and an explanation of the importance. 5. A historical perspective during the time the mathematician was alive. Some suggestions on the historical perspective might be: (a) Any wars etc. (b) Scientific breakthroughs of the time (c) Major discoveries of the time (d) How did this mathematician change history etc.

31. Islamic History And Culture - The History Of Islam And Personalities In Islamic Abu Abdullah alBattani, Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Jabir ibn sinan al-Battani al-Harraniwas a famous Umar Khayyam, Abu’l-Fath ‘Umar ibn ibrahim al-Khayyami http://www.islamic-paths.org/Home/English/History/Personalities/Personalities.ht

Islamic Paths Serving the Islamic World Home / Portal Sign Our Guest Book Personalities in Islam People That Have Influenced Islamic Belief Common Name Full Name (if different) and Description Last Posting 24 September 2000 We are looking for more biographies and material to add to this section. If you have material to share please forward it to us so we may post it for everyone to read and enjoy, insha Allah. Thank You.. Previous Posting ‘Abdu’l-Qadir al-Jilani Great 'ulama and charismatic leader of Islam. Abu Abdullah al-Battani Abu Abdallah Muhammad Ibn Jabir Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani was a famous astronomer, mathematician and astrologer. Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Habib al-Mawardi was a great jurist, mohaddith, sociologist and an expert in Political Science. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi Abul Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas al-Zahrawi was a great surgeon. Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was one of the most eminent physicists, whose contributions to optics and the scientific methods are outstanding. Abu'l-Hasan al-Ash'ari Famous 'ulama Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu'di Abul Hasan Ali Ibn Husain Ibn Ali Al-Masu'di expert an geographer, a physicist and historian.

32. Web Hosting, Domain Name, Free Web Site, Email Address Web Hosting alRazi,; Thabit ibn Qurra,; al-Battani,; Hunain ibn Ishaq,; al-Farabi,;ibrahim ibn sinan,; al-Masudi,; al-Tabari,; Abul Wafa,; Ali ibn http://members.fortunecity.com/jonhays/sarton.htm

web hosting domain names email addresses SARTON SAYS SO (ABOUT VALUE OF PRE-RENAISSANCE ISLAMIC SCIENCE) George Leon Arthor Sarton (1884-1956) has been praised as "the father of the history of science" (http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v8p241y1985.pdf). In 1912, Sarton founded the distinguished journal, Isis , and in 1936 another, Osiris . His History of Science , and ancillary works, are essential tools of the scholar. In 1936, Sarton wrote The Study of the History of Science , a varsion of his inaugural lectures at Harvard University. Among other comments: "... we shall not be able to understand our science of to-day (I do not say to use it, but to understand it) if we do not succeed in penetrating its genesis and its evolution. Knowledge is not something dead and static, but something fluid, alive, and moving. The latest results are like the fruits of a tree; the fruits serve our immediate practical purposes, but for all that it is the tree that matters. The scientist of philosophic mind is not interested so much in the latest results of science as he is in its eternal tendencies, In the living and exhuberant and immortal tree. The fruits of to-day may be tempting enough, but they are not more precious to his way of thinking than those of yesterday or to-morrow." Here is George Sarton's Tribute to Muslim Scientists in his book

33. Thabit Ibn Qurra Definition Meaning Information Explanation Thabit and his grandson ibrahim ibn sinan have studied the curves which are neededfor making of sundials. Abu lWafa has also written a book about the http://www.free-definition.com/Thabit-ibn-Qurra.html

A B C D ... Contact Beta 0.71 powered by: akademie.de PHP PostgreSQL Google News about your search term Thabit ibn Qurra Thabit ibn Qurra abu' l'Hasan ibn Marwan al-Sabi al'Harrani February 18 ) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician . In Latin he was known as Thebit Thabit was born in Harran (antique Carrhae), Mesopotamia (now Turkey ). Upon the proposal of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir Thabit went to study in Baghdad to Shakir's brothers the Bani Mussa. He led a group of translators, who came from the pagan pseudo Sabeans from Harran. Arabic writters confound the Babylonian Sabeans from the Harrarian Sabeans. Harrarian Sabeans respected stars and for this reason they have very soon showed a great interests for astronomy and mathematics . In the times of Muslim supremacy they have accepted the name Sabean to get benefits from privileges that were allowed by the Ko'ran. This name later ramained and this strange sect have lived in vicinity of the main center of the Caliphate till the half of the 13th century , when the Mongols have destroyed their last shrine. Their merits in the spiritual and scientifical fields have with no doubt helped them to get a protection from the Muslim s. In the times of al - Mutawakkil reign their city became a center of the philosophical and medical school, which was transferred from

34. Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit), 836-901 C.E. scientific team of the great Muslim mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir at Thabitleft his legacy with sons (ibrahim and sinan), grandsons (Thabit http://www.unhas.ac.id/~rhiza/saintis/qurra.html

THABIT IBN QURRAH (THEBIT) (836 - 901 C.E.) by Dr. A. Zahoor Thabit ibn Qurrah, known in the West as Thebit , is known for his work on mechanics, astronomy, pure mathematics and geometry. Thabit ibn Qurrah ibn Marwan al-Harrani was born in 836 C.E. at Harran (present Turkey) and died in Baghdad in 901 C.E. He joined the scientific team of the great Muslim mathematician Muhammad Ibn Musa Ibn Shakir at Baghdad, which was established by the Abbasid Caliphs. Thabit was a pioneer in extending the concept of traditional geometry to geometrical algebra and proposed theories that led to the development of non-Euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, integral calculus and real numbers. He used arithmetic terminology to study several aspects of conic sections (parabola and ellipse). His algorithm for computing the surface area and volume of solids is in fact what we came to know later as the integral calculus. Thabit's original work on Mechanics and Physics involves examining conditions of equilibrium of bodies, beams and levers. Some historians have recognized him as the Founder of Statics. He was among the early critics of Ptolemaic views on astronomy. He also criticized several theorems of Euclid's elements and proposed important improvements. Thabit added the ninth sphere to Ptolemic astronomy. Some early investigators criticized his work on 'Trepidation of Equinoxes' and several centuries later Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) improved upon his work. Thabit analyzed several problems on the movements of sun and moon and wrote treatises on sundials. Beer and Madler in their famous work Der Mond (1837) mention a surface feature of the moon after Thabit (Thebit). It is a prominent circular plain thirty miles in diameter in Section No. 8. The intrusion of a small circular plain has disfigured its circular wall. A small crater has thrust itself in on the eastern side of this plain.

35. EIR_Nueve id ibn Habib atTanuji (1). Asad ibn al-Furat ibn sinan (2). ‘Abdallah Rabbih ar-Raba’i(2). Muhammad ibn Sahnun (2). Muhammad ibn ibrahim ibn ‘Abdus ibn http://www.islammexico.org.mx/Textos/Root_Islamic/Root_9.htm

LA ESCUELA DE MALIK LOS MAESTROS DE MALIK. DE Medina: Ayyub ibn Abi Tamina as-Sajtiyani (T). Zayd ibn Aslam (T). Zayd ibn Abi Unaysa al-Yazari (TT). Muhammad ibn Ishaq, el autor de al-Maghazi. (TT). Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Madani (TT). Todos los shuyuj de Malik eran de Medina excepto seis: Hamid at-Tawil de Basra (T). Ayyub as-Sajtiyani de Basra (T). Ibrahim ibn Abala de Siria (T). LOS ERUDITOS PROCEDENTES DE MALIK En Medina En Yemen Yahya ibn Zabit (1). En el Hiyaz En Iraq y el Oriente Abu Bakr ash-Shibli (4). En Siria En Egipto Al-Mufaddal ibn Fadala (2). En Africa del Norte Al-Bahlul ibn Rashid (1). Asad ibn al-Furat ibn Sinan (2). Muhammad ibn Sahnun (2). Ibn Talib (3). Hamas ibn Marwan ibn Simak al-Hamsani (4). Abu Fadl Yusuf ibn Masrur (4). Abu Bakr ibn al-Lubbad (4). En Andalucia Muhammad ibn Bashir al-Qadi (2).

36. Arab Discoveries history Jabir ibn Haiyan, alKindi, al-Khwarizmi, al-Fargani, al-Razi, Thabit ibnQurra, al-Battani, Hunain ibn Ishaq, al-Farabi, ibrahim ibn sinan, al-Masudi http://www.cam.ac.uk/societies/arabsoc/inventions.htm

Will History Ever Forget Those Names It is suffice here to evoke few glorious names and state their inventions that will be an eternal witness to the Islamic and Arab contribution to past and modern history : Jabir ibn Haiyan, al-Kindi, al-Khwarizmi, al-Fargani, al-Razi, Thabit ibn Qurra, al-Battani, Hunain ibn Ishaq, al-Farabi, Ibrahim ibn Sinan, al-Masudi, al-Tabari, Abul Wafa, 'Ali ibn Abbas, Abul Qasim, Ibn al-Jazzar, al-Biruni, Ibn Sina, Ibn Yunus, al-Kashi, Ibn al-Haitham, 'Ali Ibn 'Isa al-Ghazali, al-Zarqab, Omar Khayyam. A magnificent array of names which it would not be difficult to extend. The list above contains famous modern day figures from Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Tukmenistan, Spain and Egypt). If anyone tells you that the Middle Ages were scientifically sterile, just quote these men to him, all of whom flourished within a short period, 750 to 1100 A.D Scientists Ibn Sina , known in the West as Avicenna (981-1037). For a thousand years he has retained his original renown as one of the greatest thinkers and medical scholars in history. His most important medical works are the Qanun (Canon) and a treatise on Cardiac drugs. The 'Qanun fi-l-Tibb' is an immense encyclopedia of medicine. It contains some of the most illuminating thoughts pertaining to distinction of mediastinitis from pleurisy; contagious nature of phthisis; distribution of diseases by water and soil; careful description of skin troubles; of sexual diseases and perversions; of nervous ailments."

37. History Of Mathematics: Arabic Mathematics Albatenius) (c. 858929); Abu Nasr al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (c. 878-c. 950);ibrahim ibn sinan (909-946); Abu Sahl al-Kuhi (c. 950); Abu l Hasan http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/arab.html

Arabic Mathematics This page is under development. Mathematicians Banu Musa (sons of Musa ibn Shakir) (ninth century) al-Hajjaj ibn Matar (c. 800) Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780-c. 850) Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Johannitius) (808-873) `Abd al-Hamid ibn Turk (c. 850) Ahmad ibn `Abdullah al-Marwazi Habas al-Hasib (c. 850) Thabit ibn Qurra (836 -901) al-Fadl al-Nayrizi (c. 880) Abu Kamil ibn Aslam (c. 850-930) Qusta ibn Luka (d. 912) Abu `Abdallah Mohammad ibn Jabir al-Battani (Albatenius) (c. 858-929) Abu Nasr al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (c. 878-c. 950) Ibrahim ibn Sinan (909-946) Abu Sahl al-Kuhi (c. 950) Abu l'Hasan al-Uqlidisi (c. 952) `Abd al-`Aziz al-Qabisi (c. 950) Muhammad Abu l'Wafa (Albuzjani) (940-998) Abd al-Jalil al-Sijzi (c. 970) Abu `Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (c. 965-1039) Abu l-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973-1055) Abu Bakr al-Karaji (al Karkhi) (c. 1000) Abu `Abdallah al-Hasan ibn al-Baghdadi (c. 1000) Kushyar ibn Labban (c. 1000) Maslama al-Majriti (c. 1000) Abu Nasr Mansur ibn Iraq (d. 1030) Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (c. 1025)

38. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians c. 897, dc 922) *SB 900. Sridhara (c. 900); Ahmad ibn Yusuf (fl. c. 900905)*SB; ibrahim ibn sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra (909-946) *SB; Manjula (c. 930); http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

39. Malikischolars Asad, the author of the basic text of the Mudawwana, Asad ibn Furatibn sinan, 214/829, Sicily. ibn Abdus, Muhammad ibn ibrahim, 261/875, http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/malikis.html

Maliki Scholars and Technical Terms Taken from Al-Madkhal al-Wajiz fi Istilat madhhab as-Sadat al-Malikiyya, by Ibrahim al-Mukhtar Ahmad 'Umar al-Jabruti az-Zayla'i Maliki Scholars Known as Name year died where buried Imam Malik, founder of the school Malik ibn Anas Madina Ibn al-Qasim, student of Imam Malik 'Abdu'r-Rahman ibn al-Qasim 191/806 died Egypt Ibn Wahb 'Abdullah ibn Wahb ibn Muslim Egypt Ibn Bashir Muhammad ibn Bashir ibn Israfil ca. 198/813 Cordoba Ashhab Miskin ibn 'Abdu'l-'Aziz Egypt Ibn Nafi' as-Sa'igh 'Abdullah ibn Nafi' ca. 207/823 Madina Ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdu'l-Hakam Egypt Asad, the author of the basic text of the Mudawwana Asad ibn Furat ibn Sinan Sicily Ibn al-Majishun 'Abdu'l-Malik ibn 'Abdu'l-'Aziz Madina Ibn Nafi' the Younger az-Zubayri 'Abdullah ibn Nafi' Madina Ibn Maslama al-Makhzumi Muhammad ibn Maslama Madina Mutarrif Mutarrif ibn 'Abdullah ibn Mutarrif Madina Ibn Maslama al-Qa'nabi 'Abdullah ibn Maslama Madina Yahya al-Laythi, the transmitter of the Muwatta' of Malik Yahya ibn Yahya Cordoba al-Asbagh, student of Ibn al-Qasim Asbagh ibn al-Faraj ibn Sa'id Egypt Ibn Habib, author of the

40. Arabic Numerals ibrahim ibn sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra (908946) who introduced a methodof integration in studying the quadrature of the parabola. http://www.arabicnumerals.cwc.net/

By M Erhayiem The IBM World Book Encyclopaedia raises the question as how the Arabic Numerals originated (!?) as appeared in an article contributed by Nadine L. Verderber, Ph.D., Prof. of Mathematics, Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville. The article states, as such, "Scholars do not know how Arabic numerals originated." "The Hindus developed the zero sometime after A.D. 600." The World Book Multimedia Encyclopaedia has largely ignored the work of the Scientists during the Islamic and the Arabic medieval era. The contributions of the Muslims and Arabs in the field of Mathematics were very significant. The great Harvard historian of science, Professor George Sarton wrote in his monumental Introduction to the History of Science[4]: "From the second half of the 8th to the end of the 11th century, Arabic was the scientific, the progressive language of mankind... When the West was sufficiently mature to feel the need of deeper knowledge, it turned its attention, first of all, not to the Greek sources, but to the Arabic ones." O'Connor and Robertson[2] published various articles about the contribution of those forgotten brilliance. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801-873 A.D.), a Philosopher and Mathematician, who wrote many works on arithmetic, including: the numbers, relative quantities, measuring proportion and time, and numerical procedures. He also wrote on space and time.

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