21. Harvard University Press/Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria by Maria Dzielska Translated by F. Lyra, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/DZIHYP.html

Maria Dzielska is Professor of Ancient Roman History at Jagiellonian University , Krakow. Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzielska Translated by F. Lyra A Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Book of 1995, Philosophy Category Hypatiabrilliant mathematician, eloquent Neoplatonist, and a woman renowned for her beautywas brutally murdered by a mob of Christians in Alexandria in 415. She has been a legend ever since. In this engrossing book, Maria Dzielska searches behind the legend to bring us the real story of Hypatia's life and death, and new insight into her colorful world. Historians and poets, Victorian novelists and contemporary feminists have seen Hypatia as a symbolof the waning of classical culture and freedom of inquiry, of the rise of fanatical Christianity, or of sexual freedom. Dzielska shows us why versions of Hypatia's legend have served her champions' purposes, and how they have distorted the true story. She takes us back to the Alexandria of Hypatia's day, with its Library and Museion, pagan cults and the pontificate of Saint Cyril, thriving Jewish community and vibrant Greek culture, and circles of philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, and militant Christians. Drawing on the letters of Hypatia's most prominent pupil, Synesius of Cyrene, Dzielska constructs a compelling picture of the young philosopher's disciples and her teaching. Finally she plumbs her sources for the facts surrounding Hypatia's cruel death, clarifying what the murder tells us about the tensions of this tumultuous era.

22. Hypatia Station Fourth Grade; hypatia of alexandria; hypatia of alexandria Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher (d 415 CE); Hypatia Home http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/6777/hypatia.html

23. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Encyclopedia Article About Hypatia Of Alexandria. Free A encyclopedia article about hypatia of alexandria. hypatia of alexandria in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. hypatia of alexandria. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hypatia of Alexandria

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Hypatia of Alexandria Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 - Centuries: 4th century - 5th century - 6th century Decades: 360s 370s 380s 390s 400s - Years: 410 411 412 413 414 - Events The Visigoths leave Gallia Narbonnensis and relocate in Spain Wallia becomes king of the Visigoths. The Eustathian schism in Antioch is healed. The Jews are expelled from Alexandria. Click the link for more information. ) was a neo-Platonic Neoplatonism (also Neo-Platonism ) is an ancient school of philosophy beginning in the 3rd century A.D. It was based on the teachings of Plato and Platonists; but it interpreted Plato in many new ways, such that Neoplatonism was quite different from what Plato taught, though many Neoplatonists would not admit the distinction. Neoplatonism began with the philosopher Plotinus, though Plotinus claimed to have received his teachings from Ammonius Saccas, an illiterate dock-worker in Alexandria. His most important work was the Six Enneads, in which he explains his philosophy. Click the link for more information.

24. Hypatia - Book List Books on hypatia of alexandria. a bibliography by Howard A. Landman. Includes Kari Vogt, The Hierophant of Philosophy hypatia of alexandria . http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Hypatia/books.html

Books on Hypatia of Alexandria a bibliography by Howard A. Landman A library card catalog shows you which books a particular library has. This page is the opposite: an inverted card catalog that shows you which libraries have certain books! In this case, I've collected all the books and magazine articles which appeared in my searches of the world's libraries for information about Hypatia of Alexandria, the great mathematician, scientist, and teacher of antiquity. Also included are a number of items identified by Dr. M.A.B. Deakin. Most of the library references below were obtained through the net, using the University of Kansas' CWIS database, which pointed to almost every known electronic library card catalog in the world. The United States "Other Libraries" list alone was staggering enough! Unfortunately, this resource moved or disappeared, so I have had to remove my (broken) links to it. If you know where this is now, please let me know! If you're broadly interested in Women And Science, click here for a more general bibliography.

25. The Primary Sources For The Life And Work Of Hypatia Of Alexandria The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of hypatia of alexandria by Michael AB Deakin. History of Mathematics Paper 63 August 1995 http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Hypatia/primary-sources.html

The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria by Michael A. B. Deakin History of Mathematics Paper 63 August 1995 Mathematics Department Monash University Clayton 3168, Australia The author may be reached at michael.deakin@sci.monash.edu.au Introduction Historians need to say of the past events they recount not only what happened but also how we know it . This latter question is usually answered by references to sources , that is to say earlier accounts of the matter in hand. We distinguish between two types of source: primary and secondary. The former are those that cannot be traced back any further, the latter those that in their turn do depend on earlier accounts. Primary sources are not necessarily correct in all their detail (indeed those for Hypatia contradict one another in places), but secondary sources should not, without good reason, go beyond what the primary sources assert. Primary sources can however require interpretation and assessment; this is the role of a good secondary source. Indeed secondary sources are vital unless one has the necessary linguistic, historical and cultural background oneself to assess the primary sources. Finally it should be said that works of fiction (whether the fiction is intentional or not!) are not historical sources at all. Regrettably much of what is readily available on Hypatia derives from fictional, rather than historical, sources.

26. Hypatia Of Alexandria Born C. 370, Died 415 Although A Brilliant hypatia of alexandria born c. 370, died 415 Although a brilliant and popular teacher of NeoPlatonic thought, hypatia of alexandria unfortunately lived at a http://www.mith2.umd.edu/WomensStudies/ReadingRoom/History/Biographies/hypatia-o

Hypatia of Alexandria born c. 370, died 415 Although a brilliant and popular teacher of Neo-Platonic thought, Hypatia of Alexandria unfortunately lived at a time of political and religious change. Her popularity and influence are well-documented. Students flocked to study with her, scholars visited her home and lecture room. She occupied the Chair of Platonic Philosophy at the University of Alexandria, and served as an advisor to the government. She was also a pagan at a time when Christianity was rising. The Bishop of Alexandria resented the influence she had with the government. Although he could not condemn or attack her outright, it was through his encouragement that a group of fanatical monks waylaid her on the way to the University. They brutally murdered her (various accounts say she was quartered, flayed, or hacked to death) and burned her body.

27. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria was a famous philosopher of Egypt who ran into trouble with the Christian Church. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa033198.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About History Ancient / Classical History Biographies / People - Who? ... Trojan War Hero Achilles - Troy zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Atlas and Places - Where? Ancient Greece - Greek Ancient Rome - Romans ANE Egypt Persia Israel... ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Ancient / Classical History newsletter. Search Ancient / Classical History Hypatia of Alexandria (355 or 370 - 415/416 A.D.) Dateline: 03/31/98 You almosr expect to hear: "she was a fine philosopher for a woman " when hearing about ancient female prodigies. After all, our predecessors' opportunities, especially if they were "respectable" women, were nearly non-existent. This week's woman, however, defies all such qualifiers. HYPATIA was, simply, the last great Alexandrian mathematician and philosopher. By writing a commentary on The Conics of Apollonius of Perga which divided cones into sections by a plane , Hypatia made geometry intelligible to her students and ultimately transmissible. Since men thronged to hear her ideas on philosophy, she taught neoplatonic ideas to pagans and Christians alike, including Synesius of Cyrene, who helped create the doctrine of the Trinity. Hypatia's fame eclipsed her father

28. Hypatia Of Alexandria The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/people/p_hypatia/

Hypatia of Alexandria ®üªÝ®L ·j´M Hypatia of Alexandria(¬ù370-415)¡C¤wª¾²Ä¤@¦ì­«­nªº¤k¼Æ¾Ç®a¡C Hypatia¬O®J¤Î¼Æ¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç®a Theon of Alexanderia ªº¤k¨à¡A®a¾Ç²W·½´¿¹C¾Ç©ó¶®¨å¡C ¦~¤è¤Ê¡A¤w¸g¦¨¬°¬y¦æªº·s¬f©Ô¹Ï­õ¾Ç¾Ç¬£ªº¾Ç³N»â³S¡C¦o¦¹«á¤@¥Í³£¦bAlexandria±Ð±Â¼Æ¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç¡A ¥i¥H»¡¬O®ç§õº¡¤Ñ¤U¡C ¥Ñ©ó¯Ê¥Fª½±µªº¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ¡A Hypatia ¯u¥¿ªº¼Æ¾Ç»P¬ì¾Ç¦¨´N«á¤H¤wø¥H¦Ò¹î¡C¤£¹L±q¶¡±µªº®Ñ«H¶Ç°O¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A §Ú­Ì¤j­P¤Wª¾¹D¡A Hypatia ´¿¨ó§U¦o¤÷¿Ë¸Éµù Ptolemy ªº¡mAlmagest¡n(¤Ñ¤å¾Ç¤j¥þ)¡A ¼Ú´X¨½±oªº¡m­ì¥»¡n(«á¨Ó¦¨¬°©w¥»)¡C ¦o¤]´¿¸Éµù¹L Diophantus ªº¡mºâ³N¡n»P Apollonius ªº¡m¶êÀ@¦±½u½×¡n¡C ¦o´¿¸g»s³y¹L¤@¨Ç¬ì¾Ç»ö¾¹¡GÆ[¬P»ö¡B¤ô¥­»ö¡B»]H¾¹µ¥¡C ¹ï¥~·j´MöÁä¦r¡G ¡D Hypatia ¡D Ptolemy ¡D ¼Ú´X¨½±o ¡D Diophantus ¡D Apollonius ¡]¼¶½Z¡G¯Îª¤¯¢A¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t¡^ MacTutor ¡]­Y¦³«ü¥¿¡Bº°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ¼g«H µ¹§Ú­Ì¡C¡^ ¦Uºô­¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°­ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³ ½s¿è¡G¶À«H¤¸

29. Hypatia Of Alexandria By Maria Dzieska (Making feminist scholars work accessible to you.) A Sunshine for Women s Book Summary Read excerpts from this biography about hypatia of alexandria, a late http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/book-sum/hypatia.html

Sunshine for Women Book Summaries Home Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzieska Harvard University Press 1995 1) "Hypatia was murdered by "a troop of savage and merciless fanatics" instigated by Cyril, and the crime was never punished, apparently because "superstition [Christianity] perhaps would more gently expiate the blood of a virgin, than the banishment of a saint." This representation of the "Alexandrian crime" perfectly fitted Gibbon's theory that the rise of Christianity was the crucial cause of the fall of the ancient civilization." page 4 2) "After studying the epigram some scholars, such as Wolfgang Meyer, have inferred that there were two Hypatias: Theon's daughter, at the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries, and Erythrius' daughter, in the second half of the fifth century. This conclusion, however, is only partly correct, for we know that there were more women named Hypatia, including a benefactress of the church in the mid-fifth century . . . . The name was by no means uncommon, and it was not confined to pagan women." page 23 3) "This brief survey indicates that Hypatia's closest, most loyal students were people who later held high imperial or ecclesiastical positions. Of even greater significance is evidence that agents of the imperial power arriving in Alexandria became close acquaintances of Hypatia and most likely attended her lectures." page 38

30. - Great Books - hypatia of alexandria (355415), hypatia of alexandria was a female neo-Platonic philosopher who died at the hands of a mob in 415. http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_665.asp

Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia of Alexandria was a female neo- Platonic philosopher who died at the hands of a mob in 415. Some authors have attributed her death to Cyril of Alexandria and used her death as a symbol of reasoned paganism against irrational religion. Included among these authors was the astronomer Carl Sagan whose vivid account of her death and the burning of the Library of Alexandria in his popular science book Cosmos has unfortunately lead to an incorrect and misleading view of Hypatia which oversimplifies her. [ This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and uses material adapted in whole or in part from the Wikipedia article on Hypatia of Alexandria The following historical account of Hypatia was recorded by Socrates Scholasticus (c. 379-c. 450). Socrates Scholasticus was a " Father of the Church " who lived at the time of Hypatia. This is his chilling and graphic account of the death of Hypatia as told in the 15th Chapter of the seventh and last volume of his Ecclesiastical History . The Chapter's title is: Of Hypatia the Female Philosopher "There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of

31. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria. Hypatia was born of her father. Hypatia became head of the Platonist school in Alexandria in about 400 AD. http://www.edu.pe.ca/rural/grassroots/grassroots_2004/math521A3/Hypatia_of_Alexa

Hypatia Of Alexandria Hypatia was born in the year 370, in Alexandria, Egypt, and died March, 415, in Alexandria, Egypt. She was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of mathematics. Hypatia was the daughter of the mathematician and philosopher Theon of Alexandria and it is fairly certain that she studied mathematics under the guidance of her father. Hypatia became head of the Platonist school in Alexandria in about 400 AD. There she taught mathematics and philosophy, particularly teaching the philosophy of Neoplatonism. Hypatia based her teachings on those of Plotinus, the founder of Neoplatonism, and Iamblichus who was the developer of Neoplatonism around 300 AD. Hypatia came to symbolize learning and science which the early Christians identified with paganism. However, among the students who she taught in Alexandria there were many prominent Christians, One of the most famous is Synesius of Cyrene, who was later to become the Bishop of Ptolemais. Many of the letters that Synesius wrote to Hypatia have been preserved and we see someone who was filled with admiration and reverence for Hypatia’s learning and scientific abilities. In 412, Cyril (later St Cyril) became patriarch of Alexandria. However, the Roman prefect of Alexandria was Prestes, and Cyril and Orestes became bitter rivals as church and state fought for control. Hypatia was a friend of Orestes and this , together with prejudice against her philosophical views which were seen by Christians to be pagen, led to Hypatia becoming the focal point of riots between Christians and non-Christians. Hypatia, Heath writes

32. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria, The first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. http://www.akashanpathways.com/hypatia.htm

Home Shop the Store Clearance What's New Bags Bottles Candles ... Statuary Hypatia of Alexandria, Egypt Hypatia of Alexandria, Egypt b. 355(?) AD - d. 415 AD The first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. She was a pagan woman who, because of her friendship with the prefect and her radical ideas, was murdered by Christian monks on the streets of Alexandria. The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria, by Michael A.B. Deakin The Life of Hypatia from The Suda . This is the first ever English translation of this important source. The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus . This biography tells the story of her murder. The Life of Hypatia by John, Bishop of Nikiu . This Christian writer spoke with approval of the murder of Hypatia because "she was devoted at all times to magic, astrolabes, and instruments of music." The History of Hypatia, A most Impudent School-Mistress of Alexandria: Murder'd and torn to Pieces by the Populace, In Defence of Saint Cyril and the Alexandrian Clergy. From the Aspersions of Mr. Todland. by Thomas Lewis, 1721 Women of History, Hypatia

33. Hypatia Of Alexandria - A Stage Play hypatia of alexandria. This stage play about the famous Hellenistic teacher Hypatia tells a story of civil unrest in fifth century Alexandria, Egypt. http://www.superscribbler.com/hypatia.htm

Gerald Everett Jones Writer-Producer Thanks for stopping by. This site showcases some of my work. Please browse, enjoy, and comment. Read a Short Story Screenplays Theater Author's Biography ... Favorite Reading Hypatia of Alexandria A Play in Three Acts by Gerald Everett Jones This stage play about the famous Hellenistic teacher Hypatia tells a story of civil unrest in fifth century Alexandria, Egypt. This doesn't sound like such an old story when you consider it's filled with riots, political corruption, racial persecution, the decline of the military establishment, economic depression, a perceived decline in moral values, and vicious religious politics. You might say it's a cautionary tale for our times. Hypatia was the last of a long line of philosophers to head the Library of Alexandria. She spoke out against the persecution of the city's Jews, became romantically linked with the powerful prefect of Rome, and ended up being hacked to death by a mob of Christian fanatics. And somewhere, sometime no one can really prove when someone destroyed everything she ever wrote and most of of the other books she taught. The Cast of Characters Historical Notes Production Notes Read an Excerpt - Hypatia's Monologue from Act One ... Home The playwright is a member of The Dramatists Guild, Inc.

34. Hypatia Of Alexandria - A Stage Play - Historical Notes hypatia of alexandria. A Stage Play in Three Acts. Historical Notes. This play is my speculation about what might have happened in fifth century Egypt. http://www.superscribbler.com/hyphist.htm

Gerald Everett Jones Writer-Producer Thanks for stopping by. This site showcases some of my work. Please browse, enjoy, and comment. Read a Short Story Screenplays Theater Author's Biography ... Favorite Reading Hypatia of Alexandria A Stage Play in Three Acts Historical Notes This play is my speculation about what might have happened in fifth century Egypt. Key events depicted in the play are based on historical accounts, including the gory details of Hypatia's demise, although the sources are sketchy, conflicting, and highly biased. If you want to compare fictionalized versions, read the novel Hypatia by Charles Kingsley, which was published in England in 1853 and tells a very different story. Kingsley was an Anglican rector who wanted his story to be a romanticized Bible lesson for Victorian ladies. In my version of the events, some facts have been adapted to the dramatic purposes. The main (royal) library of ancient Alexandria was probably destroyed by the Imperial Roman army several centuries earlier when they set fire to the city as a cover for Julius Caesar to escape a local revolt. From that time on, the remaining scrolls were housed in the Temple of Sarapis, which is the library where Hypatia studied and taught. The destruction of the temple by Nitrian monks probably occurred several years earlier than the time of the play and under a different archbishop. Also by 415, Hypatia's father Theon was probably already dead. The Roman empire had two emperors at that time, one in Milan and one in Constantinople, but it is probable that both Orestes and Cyril took their orders from Theodosius, the Christian emperor of the East. It was just too tempting for the sake of the conflict of the play to have Orestes instead represent the old order, ruled nominally by Flavius Honorius in the West.

35. LookSmart - Directory - Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria Find profiles the life of the tragic woman Neoplatonistic philosopher, educator, mathematician and astronomer. http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us53764/us62644/us887843/us576

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences General Science Women in Science ... Astronomers Hypatia of Alexandria - Find profiles the life of the tragic woman Neoplatonistic philosopher, educator, mathematician and astronomer. Directory Listings About About - Hypatia Very short biography of the female philosopher explains how and why she was killed. Agnes Scott College - Hypatia Read a biography describing the life and writings of this female philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Hypatia Daughter of the mathematician, Theon once served as the head of the Platonist school at Alexandria. Read her biography. Hypatia - Natural Philosopher Reviews the life and accomplishments of the inventor, mathematician, astronomer, and educator of the ancient world. Hypatia - Short Bio and References Offers a short biography of the learned natural philosopher and educator of ancient Alexandria, Egypt. Includes a comprehensive bibliography. Hypatia of Alexandria Access a list of books written about the ancient teacher and her times along with excerpts from historical biographies and online texts.

36. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria. Many things about Hypatia are controversial, from the year of her birth to if she truly invented certain things. http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/Urbana/projects/cybermummy/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria Many things about Hypatia are controversial, from the year of her birth to if she truly invented certain things. But one thing is certain she had a large impression on mathematics. From the beginning of her life, which is thought to be either 370 or 355 C.E., Hypatia filled her mind with learning. Her father was a great scholar from the University of Alexandria, Egypt. He taught her everything he knew, including astronomy, astrology, and mathematics. Soon, Hypatia, too, became an energetic scholar. Because Hypatia knew so much, other scholars came to learn from her. Hypatia could do things besides mathematics. She also knew much about theology and was a profound orator. Some historians think that Hypatia invented the astrolabe, but it is certain that she introduced the ideas of hyperbolas, ellipses, and parabolas. She made such an amazing impact on mathematics that even Isaac Newton expanded on her work. Later in her life, there were many riots because Christianity was beginning to overthrow other religions. She was friends with the enemy of a Christian leader, so the Christian spread violent rumors about her. Hypatia was on her way home in 415 C.E., when she was attacked and stabbed to death with broken pottery. She was later dragged through the streets. Fifth Graders: Pamela, Valerie, and Pearl

37. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia hypatia of alexandria. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. hypatia of alexandria (c. 370 415) was a neo-Platonic philosopher http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria

Hypatia of Alexandria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 - ) was a neo-Platonic philosopher and mathematician, who was murdered by a Christian crowd, led by a cleric named Peter, in March, 415 CE. Several works are attributed to her by later sources, including commentaries on Diophantus 's Arithmetica , on Apollonius 's Conics and on Ptolemy 's works, but none have survived. She was the daughter of Theon , the last fellow of the Museum of Alexandria, which was adjacent to or included the main Library of Alexandria . Hypatia did not teach in the Museum, but received her pupils in her own private home. Theophilus , the patriarch of Alexandria, had destroyed some "pagan" temples in the city in , which may have included the Museum and certainly included the Serapeum (a temple and "daughter library" to the Great Library). In 391, Emperor Theodosius had published an edict which prohibited visiting pagan temples, and Christians in the entire Roman Empire had embarked on an intense campaign to destroy pagan places of worship. Hypatia clearly lived during a power struggle between pagans and tolerant Christians on the one side, and dogmatic Christians who demanded the final destruction of paganism on the other. Hypatia herself was a pagan, but was respected by many Christians, and exalted by some (though by no means all) later Christian authors as a symbol of virtue, often portrayed as a life-long virgin. These later accounts should not be seen as strict historical records, though, as they often contradict each other.

38. Hypatia Of Alexandria :: Online Encyclopedia :: Information Genius hypatia of alexandria. Online Encyclopedia hypatia of alexandria (c. 370 415) was a neo-Platonic philosopher and mathematician, who http://www.informationgenius.com/encyclopedia/h/hy/hypatia_of_alexandria.html

Quantum Physics Pampered Chef Paintball Guns Cell Phone Reviews ... Science Articles Hypatia of Alexandria Online Encyclopedia Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 - ) was a neo-Platonic philosopher and mathematician, who was murdered by Christian monks. Several works are attributed to her by later sources, including commentaries on Diophantus 's Arithmetica , on Apollonius 's Conics and on Ptolemy 's works, but none have survived. She was the daughter of Theon , the last fellow of the Museum of Alexandria, which was adjacent to or included the main Library of Alexandria . Hypatia did not teach in the Museum, but received her pupils in her own private home. Theophilus, the patriarch of Alexandria, had destroyed all "pagan temples" in the city in (as requested by a decree of the Emperor Theodosius ), which may have included the Museum and certainly included the Serapeum (a temple and "daughter library" to the Great Library). The Museum was the "Temple of the Muses", so it was a temple according to Theodosius' decree. Hypatia clearly lived during a power struggle between pagans and tolerant Christians on the one side, and dogmatic Christians who demanded the final destruction of paganism on the other. Hypatia herself was a pagan, but was respected by many Christians, and exalted by some (though by no means all) later Christian authors as a symbol of virtue, often portrayed as a life-long virgin. These later accounts should not be seen as strict historical records, though, as they often contradict each other. Her contemporary

39. Nurur Rahman's Hypathia hypatia of alexandria. hypatia of alexandria, Egypt, who lived from 370 AD until her death in 415 AD, is my one of my favorite women in the history. http://kusmos.phsx.ukans.edu/~nurur/hypatia/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia of Alexandria, Egypt, who lived from 370 A.D. until her death in 415 A.D., is my one of my favorite women in the history. She was a philosopher, astronomer, teacher, and physicist. The image shown above is not the real profile of Hypatia rather it is an artist's drawing on her. The legend is that Hypatia was famous among her contemporaries for her physical beauty ! Articles and books written on life and work of Hypatia will be found on the following links: http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hypatia.html http://www.cosmopolis.com/people/hypatia.html http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Hypatia http://www.math.utah.edu/~alfeld/Hypatia.html

40. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria Hypatia was politically active in Alexandria, and up until Cyrus was elected patriarch, often consulted by politicians 27 ff. http://www.wdog.com/brian/Scriptorium/hypatia.htm

Hypatia of Alexandria by Brian Charles Clark "What Hypatia got," of course, was murdered by an Alexandrian mob in 415, when she was 60 years old. While the date of the murder is well attested, her age is not. In the literary myths that have grown up around Hypatia, she is portrayed as a young and beautiful virgin, typically around 25 years old. As her writings are slowly being reconstructed, however, it becomes obvious that she must have been considerably older, and thus her birth year is given as 355 [67-8]. Another common misconception is that Hypatia was a pagan. In fact, primary sources (especially letters written by Synesius of Cyrene) indicate that her allegiance were with her own system of ethical values which transcended—or were aloof from—both the pagan and the Christian factions. With its modern connotations, calling Hypatia a "virgin" doesn’t capture the depth of her practice of sophrosyne [103]. More than mere abstinence, hers was, as the etyms of the word suggest, a "wise restraint," or, more psychologically, a conscious sublimation born of her love of wisdom. Hypatia was politically active in Alexandria, and up until Cyrus was elected patriarch, often consulted by politicians [27

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