1. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper. December 9, 1906 January 1, 1992. Navy officials askedher to remain a civilian. These obstacles did not stop Grace Hopper. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm

Grace Murray Hopper December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992 Written by Rebecca Norman, Class of 2000 (Agnes Scott College) Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was born in New York City on December 9, 1906, to Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Campbell Horne Murray. The oldest of three children, she was intensely curious at an early age. Even at age seven, she showed a particular love for gadgets, disassembling seven alarm clocks in the attempt to determine how they worked. Hopper's parents provided a strong foundation for her inquisitiveness. She shared her love of math with her mother, who studied geometry by special arrangement when serious study of math was still thought improper for a woman. Her father, a successful insurance broker despite the double amputation of his legs, encouraged all his children, through his speech and example, that they could do anything if they put their minds to it. He inspired Hopper to pursue higher education and to avoid being limited to typical feminine roles. With the outbreak of World War II, Hopper made a life-altering decision to serve her country by joining the Navy. The process was not an easy one. At age 34, weighing 105 pounds, she was considered overage and underweight for military enlistment. In addition, her position as a mathematics professor was declared crucial to the war effort. Navy officials asked her to remain a civilian. These obstacles did not stop Grace Hopper. She obtained a waiver for the weight requirement, special government permission, and a leave of absence from Vassar College. In December 1943, she was sworn into the U.S. Naval Reserve. She went on to train at Midshipman's School for Women, graduating first in her class.

2. WIC Biography - Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Mother of the Computer. The late Rear Admiral Grace Hopper's spectacular scientific achievements have become international. She had changed the evergrowing world of the computer. http://www.wic.org/bio/ghopper.htm

Grace Hopper Mother of the Computer The late Rear Admiral Grace Hopper's spectacular scientific achievements have become international. She had changed the ever-growing world of the computer. As a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Vassar, she went on to receive a M.A. and Ph.D. degree at Yale. Her return to Vassar as an assistant in mathematics progressed to an associate professorship and further studies at New York University. She brought her mathematical abilities to the nation when, in 1943, she entered the U.S. Naval Reserve commissioned as lieutenant. As a senior mathematician with Sperry Rand, she worked on the first commercial computer. As Director of Automatic Programming, she published the first paper on compilers in 1952. Since that time she has published over fifty papers on software and on programming languages. While on active duty with the Naval Data Automation Command, this remarkable woman traveled throughout the world speaking to thousands about the future of computers. She had contributed over $34,000 to the Navy Relief Society from honoraria she had received on those engagements.

3. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper the Mother of COBOL and one of the most important women in the history of computers. story became a favorite of Grace Murray Hopper. This page describes that http://www.jamesshuggins.com/h/tek1/grace_hopper.htm

Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper is not only the Mother of COBOL, not only one of the most important women in the history of computers, she is one of the most important people in the history of computers. This is her page. Portraits of Grace Murray Hopper Portraits collected from around the net. Quotes by Grace Murray Hopper Quotations on my general quotations page by Grace Murray Hopper. Quotes_General.htm#hopper First Computer Bug On 09.Sep.1945 they removed a moth from Relay #70, Panel F, of the Harvard University Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator. That story became a favorite of Grace Murray Hopper. This page describes that "bug", and includes a photo of it. COBOL My COBOL page. Links to information about COBOL on the net. cobol Admiral Hopper Awarded the National Medal of Technology A Digital Equipment Corporation press release from 16.Sep.1991. www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-medal.html Admiral Hopper Dies Excerpts from a Digital Equipment Corporation Press Release, 02.jan.1992. www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-obit.html

4. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper. 1906 1992. Grace Murray Hopper may have been ahead of her time. She certainly did things that were a little unusual for women of her day. She graduated from Vassar College in http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html

Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper may have been ahead of her time. She certainly did things that were a little unusual for women of her day. She graduated from Vassar College in 1928 with a degree in math. She went on to get a masters and doctorate in math, too, from Yale. This wasn't just rare for a woman: statistics show only 1,279 math PhDs were awarded between 1862 and 1934, the year Hopper received hers. She joined the WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, a part of the U.S. Naval Reserve) in 1943 and a year later was Lieutenant Hopper. She was assigned to the Bureau of Ships Computation team at Harvard, designing a machine to make fast, difficult calculations for tasks such as laying mine fields. Howard Aiken directed the work, which boiled down to creating the first programmable digital computer the Mark I. For Hopper, a mathematician with no background in computing, it was a crash course in the complexities and frustrations of programming, and the beginning of her life's work. The war ended but Hopper wanted to stay in the navy. Her age (40) prevented her transfer from the WAVES to the regular navy, so she remained in the reserves. She also remained at Harvard, working on newer models in the Mark computer series. One day a computer failure had Hopper and her team baffled. Finally they opened the machine a moth had gotten inside! Hopper taped the offending creature into her log book and noted beside it, "first actual bug found." She is credited with the terms "bug" and "debug" for computer errors and how to fix them.

5. Hopper Grace Brewster Murray Hopper. Born 9 Dec Grace Hopper was born GraceBrewster Murray, the oldest of three children. Her father, Walter http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper Born: 9 Dec 1906 in New York, USA Died: 1 Jan 1992 in Arlington, Virginia, USA Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Grace Hopper was born Grace Brewster Murray, the oldest of three children. Her father, Walter Murray, was an insurance broker while her mother, Mary Van Horne, had a love of mathematics which she passed on to her daughter. Both Grace's parents believed that she and her sister should have an education of the same quality as her brother. The book [2] contains a fascinating account of her childhood. It tells of summers spent with her cousins in their cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire and the games they played there such as kick-the-can, hide-and-seek and cops-and-robbers. It also describes her hobbies of needlepoint, reading and playing the piano. There were certainly signs in Grace's childhood of her fascination with machines and in [2] there is a delightful story of how, when she was seven years old, she took her alarm clock to pieces to find out how it worked. Unable to reassemble it, she took to pieces the other seven clocks she found in the house before her mother discovered what was happening. Grace was educated at two private schools for girls, namely Graham School and Schoonmakers School both in New York City. Intending to enter Vassar College in 1923 she failed a Latin examination and was required to wait another year. She spent the academic year at Hartridge School in Plainfield, New Jersey then entered Vassar College in 1924. She studied mathematics and physics at Vassar College graduating with a BA in 1928. After graduating she undertook research in mathematics at Yale University.

6. [JargonF] Hopper Grace http://www.linux-france.org/prj/jargonf/H/Hopper_Grace.html

Hopper Grace np. m. personne ] (9 déc. 1907 - 1er jan. 1992). Titulaire d'une maîtrise et d'un doctorat de mathématiques à Yale, Grace Brewster Murray Hopper a travaillé dans la Marine des É-U dès la naissance des ordinateurs, en 1943 ; travaillant d'abord en 1951 pour la société Remington Rand, elle a commencé à concevoir le premier compilateur largement connu, nommé A-0 ; lorsque le langage fut publié par la société Rand en 1957, il fut nommé MATH-MATIC. Elle a ensuite dirigé l'équipe de développement et co-inventé en 1957 le premier langage compilé, chez IBM COBOL . Fait exceptionnel aux É-U, elle a été rappelée en 1967 et maintenue en activité de service dans la Marine pendant 20 ans après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, puis, retraitée comme Contre-Amirale en 1986, elle a continué à travailler jusqu'à la fin de sa vie, toujours dans l'informatique, notamment à titre de conseil chez Control Data [D'après f2s]. Certains on pu la surnommer irrespectueusement « la sauterelle », son nom se prononçant comme ce mot en anglais (« Grasshopper »). Article lié à celui-ci : COBOL Articles voisins : honeypot Honeywell-Bull HOOD hook ... Courrier

7. Hopper Grace http://www.ordiworld.com/jargon/H/Hopper_Grace.html

Hopper Grace np. m. PERS ] (9 déc. 1907 - 1er jan. 1992). Titulaire d'une maîtrise et d'un doctorat de mathématiques à Yale, Grace Brewster Murray Hopper a travaillé dans la Marine des É-U dès la naissance des ordinateurs, en 1943 ; travaillant d'abord en 1951 pour la société Remington Rand, elle a commencé à concevoir le premier compilateur largement connu, nommé A-0 ; lorsque le langage fut publié par la société Rand en 1957, il fut nommé MATH-MATIC. Elle a ensuite dirigé l'équipe de développement et co-inventé en 1957 le premier langage compilé, chez IBM COBOL . Fait exceptionnel aux É-U, elle a été rappelée en 1967 et maintenue en activité de service dans la Marine pendant 20 ans après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, puis, retraitée comme Contre-Amirale en 1986, elle a continué à travailler jusqu'à la fin de sa vie, toujours dans l'informatique, notamment à titre de conseil chez Control Data [D'après f2s]. Certains on pu la surnommer irrespectueusement « la sauterelle », son nom se prononçant comme ce mot en anglais (« Grasshopper »). Article lié à celui-ci : COBOL Articles voisins : homepage Honeywell-Bull HOOD hook ... host

8. Hopper Grace From FOLDOC hopper grace. history of philosophy, biography american mathematicianand computer scientist (19061992). During her service in http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Hopper Grace

9. Grace Hopper Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally creditedwith developments that led to COBOL, the programming language for business http://www.whatis.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci213732,00.html

Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux Exchange IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Mobile Computing Networking Oracle SAP Security Storage Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Grace Hopper Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL , the programming language for business applications on which the world's largest corporations ran for more than a generation. By the time of her death in 1992, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper had left many contributions to the field of software engineering and was arguably the world's most famous programmer. After receiving her Ph.D. in mathematics at Yale, Hopper worked as an associate professor at Vassar College before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1943. She went on to work as a researcher and mathematician at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. and the Sperry Corporation. Having retired from the Navy after World War II, she returned in 1967 to work at the Naval Data Automation Command. At Eckerd-Mauchly, Hopper developed programs for the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. She also developed the first

10. Www.systers.org/hopper/ www.systers.org/hopper PDF Grace Murray hopper grace Murray Hopper was born on December 9 http://www.systers.org/hopper/

The 1997 Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Latest Conference Information September 19-21, 1997 Fairmont Hotel San Jose, California General Chair: Ruzena Bajcsy , University of Pennsylvania Program Chair: Fran Allen, IBM Program Committee: Ed Lazowska , University of Washington; Mary Lou Soffa , Univ. of Pittsburgh; Liba Svobodova, IBM Zurich; Valerie Taylor , Northwestern University; Telle Whitney, Actel Corp Workshops Chair: Telle Whitney, Actel Corporation Technical Sessions Chair: Kathy Richardson, Digital Equipment Corporation Fund Raising Chair: Anita Borg , Digital Equipment Corporation Publicity Chair: Ann Redelfs , San Diego Supercomputing Center Local Arrangements: Ruth Stergio, Planning Dynamics, Inc. The 1994 GHC . Posters, booklets and t-shirts from the 1994 conference are still available.

11. Grace Hopper - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Grace Hopper. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Enlarge GraceHopper (January, 1985). Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper

Grace Hopper From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Grace Hopper (January, 1985) Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (born Grace Brewster Murray December 9 January 1 ) was an early computer programmer and the developer of the first compiler for a computer programming language. The compiler was known as the A compiler and its first version was A-0 . Later versions were released commercially as the ARITH-MATIC MATH-MATIC and FLOW-MATIC compilers. She graduated from Vassar College with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in and obtained her Ph.D. at Yale in . By she was an associate professor at Vassar College . In she joined the US Navy and was assigned to work with Howard Aiken on the Mark I Calculator . She was the first person to write a program for it. At the end of the war she was discharged from the Navy, but she continued to work on the development of the Mark II and the Mark III Calculators. In Hopper became an employee of the Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corporation and joined the team developing the UNIVAC I . In the early the company was taken over by the Remington Rand corporation and it was while she was working for them that her original compiler work was done.

12. Hopper, Grace Murray - History : Pioneers : Top Online Links Grace Murray hopper grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral Dr. Born New York, NewYork, December 9, 1906 Died Arlington, Virginia, January 1, 1992 Pioneer http://www.top-links.biz/dir/History/Pioneers/Hopper,_Grace_Murray/

See Also: Gates, Bill Engelbart, Douglas Suggest a Site to Hopper, Grace Murray Top online links ... Pioneers /Hopper, Grace Murray Women In COBOL objectz.com, CobolUniversity.com, Cobol Web programming, Object-Oriented Cobol programming, leading-edge Cobol books. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper: the Mother of COBOL and one of the most important women in the history of computers. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992 Written by Rebecca Norman, Class of 2000 (Agnes Scott College) Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was born in New York City on December 9, 1906, to Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Campbell Horne Murray. The oldest of three children, she was intensely curious at an early age. Even at age seven, she showed a particular love for gadgets, disassembling seven alarm clocks in the attempt to determine how they worked Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a remarkable woman who grandly rose to the challenges of programming the first computers. During her lifetime as a leader in the field of software development concepts, she contributed to the transition from primitive programming techniques to the use of sophisticated compilers. She believed that "we've always done it that way" was not necessarily a good reason to continue to do so Grace Murray Hopper: Pioneer Computer Scientist Inventor Grace Murray Hopper Fascinating facts about Grace Hopper inventor of the first computer compiler in 1952.

13. Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Throughout much of her later career, Grace Hopper wasmuch in demand as a speaker at various computerrelated events. http://www.fact-index.com/g/gr/grace_hopper.html

Main Page See live article Alphabetical index Grace Hopper Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (born Grace Brewster Murray ) was an early computer programmer and the developer of the first compiler for a computer programming language. The compiler was known as the A compiler and its first version was A-0 . Later versions were released commercially as the ARITH-MATIC MATH-MATIC and FLOW-MATIC compilers. She graduated from Vassar College with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in and obtained her Ph.D. at Yale in . By she was an associate professor at Vassar College . In she joined the US Navy and was assigned to work with Howard Aiken on the Mark I Calculator . She was the first person to write a program for it. At the end of the war she was discharged from the Navy, but she continued to work on the development of the Mark II and the Mark II Calculators. In Hopper became an employee of the Eckert-Mauchley Computer Corporation and joined the team developing the UNIVAC I . In the early the company was taken over by the Remington Rand corporation and it was while she was working for them that her original compiler work was done.

14. Course Technology--InfoWeb: Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Never one to follow gender stereotypes, Grace Hopper graduatedwith a Ph. You can read a tribute to Grace Hopper written by Merry Maisel. http://www.cciw.com/content/grace_hopper.html

Grace Hopper Never one to follow gender stereotypes, Grace Hopper graduated with a Ph. D. in mathematics, joined the United States Naval Reserves, and in 1944 became one of the first computer programmers. Until her death in 1992, Dr. Hopper presented fascinating lectures peppered with her particular brand of wit and wisdom. You can read about her life and contribution to computer science at www.cs.yale.edu/HTML/YALE/CS/HyPlans/tap/Files/ hopper-wit.html . The U.S. Navy commissioned a destroyer in her honor, the U.S.S. Hopper. It is the first time a destroyer has been named after a woman. You'll find additional information at web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/hopper.html Additional Links Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2000 This page is part of the web site for the annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference. You can read a tribute to Grace Hopper written by Merry Maisel. Explore the rest of the site for information about the conference, including the agenda and information about participating. Women and Computer Science Ellen Spertus, a former MIT student and now assistant professor of computer science at Mills College, created this Web page to honor the contributions women have made to computer science and document their ongoing participation. Here, you can learn more about women (in addition to Grace Hopper) who have contributed to the field. You can learn about the status of women in computing during the 1990s by reading some of the articles referenced (and linked to) from

15. Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (1906 1992). See also WikiPediaentry for Hopper, Grace Brewster http//wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper; http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?GraceHopper

16. Grace Hopper - Encyclopedia Article About Grace Hopper. Free Access, No Registra encyclopedia article about Grace Hopper. Grace Hopper in Free onlineEnglish dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Grace Hopper. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Grace Hopper

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Grace Hopper Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (born Grace Brewster Murray December 9 December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 22 days remaining. Events 1793 - New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva , is established by Noah Webster 1824 - Battle of Ayacucho - Peru defeats Spain 1835 - The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio 1851 - First YMCA in North America established in Montreal, Quebec Click the link for more information. Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s - Years: 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 - Events February 15 - The British Labour Party is organized March 15 - Rolls-Royce Ltd. is registered March 18 - Traian Vuia flies first self-propelled heavier than air aircraft Click the link for more information. January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year means the order in which the months are displayed, January to December. January 1 was usually

17. Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral grace Murray hopper. by. Sharron Ann Danis Amazing grace" hopper was Born December 9, 1906 to Walter and Mary Murray in New York City. hopper was the eldest http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Hopper.Danis.html

Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper by Sharron Ann Danis Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Born: December 9, 1906, New York City; Died, January 1, 1992, Alexandria, VA Rear Admiral Hopper was a computer programmer and strong supporter of COBOL programming language. She was a speaker and teacher for the Navy. Education: BA, Mathematics and Physics, Vassar College, 1928; MA, Mathematics,Yale University, 1930; Ph.D., Mathematics, Yale University, 1934 Professional Experience: Associate Professor, Vassar College, 1931 - 1943; Mathematical Officer, US Navy Bureau of Ordinance, 1944-1946; Senior Mathematician, Eckert-Machly Computer Corporation, 1949-1967; Systems Engineer, Sperry Corporation, 1952-1964; Senior consultant, Digital Equipment Corporation, 1986 - 1988. Honors and Awards: Phi Beta Kappa, 1928; Man-of-the-year, Data Processing Management Association, 1969; Legion of Merit, 1973; Distinguished Fellow, British Computer Society, 1973; National Medal of Technology; Navy Meritorious Service Medal, 1980; Defense Distinguished Service Medal, 1986; Admiral Hopper received 47 honorary degrees. "Amazing Grace" Hopper was Born December 9, 1906 to Walter and Mary Murray in New York City. Hopper was the eldest of three children, followed by sister Mary, 3 years younger and brother Roger, 5 years younger. As a child, Hopper spent most of her summers at her family's cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire. Her childhood was a typical one of climbing trees, playing hide-and-seek and other games with her sister, brother and cousins. From her mother, she and her sister Mary also learned needlepoint and cross-stitch. She also enjoyed reading and playing the piano.

18. Inventor Grace Murray Hopper Fascinating facts about grace hopper inventor of the first computer compiler in 1952. HISTORY INVENTOR PROFILE grace MURRAY hopper " If it's a good idea . . . go ahead and do it hopper http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/hopper.htm

"If it's a good idea . . . go ahead and do it. It is much easier to apologize than it is to get permission." Grace Murray Hopper "Some day, on the corporate balance sheet, there will be an entry which reads, Information; for in most cases, the information is more valuable than the hardware which processes it." Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper Fascinating facts about Grace Hopper inventor of the first computer compiler in 1952. Hopper, Grace Murray (1906-1992), American Navy officer, mathematician, and pioneer in data processing, born in New York City and educated at Vassar College and at Yale University. An associate professor of mathematics at Vassar, In 1930 Grace Brewster Murray married Vincent Foster Hopper. (He died in 1945 during World War II, and they had no children.) Hopper joined the Navy in 1943. She was assigned to Howard Aiken's computation lab at Harvard University, where she worked as a programmer on the Mark I, the first large-scale U.S. computer and a precursor of electronic computers. TO LEARN MORE RELATED INFORMATION: History of Computing from The Great Idea Finder Women Inventors, A Class Act

19. GHC - 2004 The fourth in a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. Includes schedule and hotel information. http://www.gracehopper.org/

Click on the menu items (above) for sub-directory links Agenda Hotel/Travel Info Invited Speakers Resume Database ... Academic Sponsor Benefits The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2004 is the fifth in a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. Presenters are leaders in their respective fields, representing industrial, academic and government communities. Leading researchers present their current work, while special sessions focus on the role of women in today's technology fields. Past Grace Hopper Celebrations have resulted in collaborative proposals, networking and mentoring for junior women, and increased visibility for the contributions of women in computing. This year's theme, "Making History," marks the 10 year anniversary of the Grace Hopper Conference by recognizing the history makers - past, present, and future - in our community. The sessions consist of: Invited Keynote and Technical speakers Panels Workshops Presentations Technical Papers from New Investigators PhD Forums Technical Posters Birds of a Feather Sessions (BOFs) For planning purposes, GHC2004 registration fees will be as follows. Registration forms and online registration will be available shortly.

20. HOPPER, GRACE hopper, grace. mathematician (1906 1992) She was the driver for modernUS computer technology. Modern computer history began when http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/HOPPER.html

HOPPER, GRACE mathematician (1906 - 1992) She was the driver for modern US computer technology. Modern computer history began when Lt (JG) Hopper was assigned to work for Howard Aiken at Harvard in the late 1940s. She spent her career working for the US Navy. At her retirement she was the oldest person on active duty with the US Navy. She coined the term 'computer bug' during her work with with first electronic computers when she found the moth that had shorted out two tubes. She invented the modern subroutine. She built the first A-O compiler which went live on November 4, 1952 on the UNIVAC I to predict the Eisenhower win after 7% vote returns. The Navy and the computer industry felt her work and contributions so valuable that they kept returning her to active duty after retirement. She invented the language APT. She verified the language COBOL. Return to Homepage

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