1. Hipparchus hipparchus of rhodes Hipparchus, (b. Nicaea, Bithyniad. after 127 BC, Rhodes?), Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes, calculated http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/hipparchus.html

Hipparchus of Rhodes Hipparchus, (b. Nicaea, Bithyniad. after 127 BC, Rhodes?), Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes, calculated the length of the year to within 6 1/2 minutes, compiled the first known star catalog, and made an early formulation of trigonometry. Hipparchus carried out his observations in Bithynia, at Rhodes, where he spent much time, and also, it seems, at Alexandria. The year 127 BC is usually cited as the last date known for his actual work, and a French astronomer, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre (1749-1822), clearly demonstrated that some observations of Hipparchus on the star Eta Canis Majoris could well have been carried out in that year. Most of contemporary knowledge of Hipparchus is contained in the writings of Strabo of Amaseia (flourished c. AD 21) and in the great astronomical compendium Almagest by Ptolemy (flourished AD 127-151). Ptolemy often quotes Hipparchus, and it is obvious that he thought highly of him; indeed, as a result of the slow progress of early science, he speaks of him with the respect due a distinguished contemporary, although almost three centuries separated the work of the two men. It is difficult always to determine to which of them credit is due. Few details are known of the instruments that Hipparchus used. It seems likely that he observed with the usual devices current in his day, although Ptolemy credits him with the invention of an improved type of theodolite with which to measure angles.

2. The Antikythera Mechanism that the device was linked closely to Geminus of Rhodes, and had been built circa 87 B.C the stars' positions was hipparchus of rhodes; that in more than one http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rrice/apagadgt.html

Gears, Galleys, and Geography: The Antikythera Mechanism's Implications Text of the 1993 APA Abstract Rob S. Rice

3. Mappa.Mundi Magazine - Locus - Meridian hipparchus of rhodes" from the School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. the second century B.C. hipparchus of rhodes proposed that all distances be http://mappa.mundi.net/locus/locus_015

Stephanie Faul is director of public relations for the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. A long-time writer and editor, she has been a frequent contributor to on-line and old-line media. Locus is a series about words about places and how language, culture and society have created and used these words down through the ages. Previous Issues Links Relating to this edition Greenwich Meridian on-line. On the Line links people in the eight meridian-line countries. Latitude and Longitude on Compton's Encyclopedia Online. "Tracing the Greenwich Meridian" Ordnance Survey, Britain's national mapping agency. "Hipparchus of Rhodes" from the School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. "Ptolemy" from the School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. "Ptolemy's Geography" from the EXPO John Flamsteed George Airy "Suffolk's own Time Lord" By Naomi Kilby. The Airy Transit Circle Burt's Solar Compass used in iron mines in Michigan. By Stephanie Faul

4. Martian Chronicles - July 2001 Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes Sometimes referenced as Hipparchus of Nicaea or hipparchus of rhodes, his name was http://www.roamingastronomer.com/marsastro/mc0107.htm

Martian Chronicles Newsletter of the Museum Astronomical Resource Society Volume 17, Number 7 July 2001 CONTENTS Upcoming Events First Light Martian Happenings MARS Minutes ... Back to Top UPCOMING EVENTS JULY 2001 Sat. 07/07, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Fri. 07/13, 7:30 p.m. - Monthly Meeting at MOSI, Program: Celestial Navigation Sat. 07/14, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Sat. 07/21, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Sat. 07/21, SPAC Star Party, from dusk until dawn, at Hickory Hill (call SPAC to confirm) Sat. 07/28, evening - MOSI SkyWatch AUGUST 2001 Sat. 08/04, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Fri. 08/10, 7:30 p.m. - Monthly Meeting at MOSI, Program: To Be Announced Sat. 08/11, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Sat. 08/18, evening - MOSI SkyWatch Sat. 08/18, SPAC Star Party, from dusk until dawn, at Hickory Hill (possible, call SPAC to confirm) Sat. 08/25, evening - MOSI SkyWatch MOSI SkyWatch: Observing sessions held every Saturday evening at MOSI. SkyWatch is held in the lobby on cloudy evenings. Call to check on any schedule changes. The Saunders Planetarium: 813-987-6360; MOSI Information Desk: 813-987-6012 SPAC Star Parties: Hosted by the St. Petersburg Astronomy Club (SPAC). Held on the Saturday evenings nearest the new moon, at Hickory Hill near Brooksville. For more information call the SPAC hotline: 813-792-0721

5. Hipparchus hipparchus of rhodes. Thirdly there was commentary on Aratus by Attalusof Rhodes, written shortly before the time of Hipparchus. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hipparchus.html

Hipparchus of Rhodes Born: 190 BC in Nicaea (now Iznik), Bithynia (now Turkey) Died: 120 BC in probably Rhodes, Greece Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Little is known of Hipparchus 's life, but he is known to have been born in Nicaea in Bithynia. The town of Nicaea is now called Iznik and is situated in north-western Turkey. Founded in the 4 th Century BC, Nicaea lies on the eastern shore of Lake Iznik. Reasonably enough Hipparchus is often referred to as Hipparchus of Nicaea or Hipparchus of Bithynia and he is listed among the famous men of Bithynia by Strabo , the Greek geographer and historian who lived from about 64 BC to about 24 AD. There are coins from Nicaea which depict Hipparchus sitting looking at a globe and his image appears on coins minted under five different Roman emperors between 138 AD and 253 AD. This seems to firmly place Hipparchus in Nicaea and indeed Ptolemy does describe Hipparchus as observing in Bithynia, and one would naturally assume that in fact he was observing in Nicaea. However, of the observations which are said to have been made by Hipparchus, some were made in the north of the island of Rhodes and several (although only one is definitely due to Hipparchus himself) were made in Alexandria. If these are indeed as they appear we can say with certainty that Hipparchus was in Alexandria in 146 BC and in Rhodes near the end of his career in 127 BC and 126 BC.

6. Poster Of Hipparchus hipparchus of rhodes. lived from 190 BC to 120 BC. Hipparchus an early exampleof trigonometric tables and gave methods for solving spherical triangles. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Posters2/Hipparchus.html

Hipparchus of Rhodes lived from 190 BC to 120 BC Hipparchus an early example of trigonometric tables and gave methods for solving spherical triangles. Find out more at http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/ Mathematicians/Hipparchus.html

7. Hipparchus Biography of Hipparchus (190BC120BC) hipparchus of rhodes. Born 190 BC in Nicaea (now Iznik), Bithynia (now Turkey) Hipparchus is often referred to as Hipparchus of Nicaea or Hipparchus of http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hipparchus.html

Hipparchus of Rhodes Born: 190 BC in Nicaea (now Iznik), Bithynia (now Turkey) Died: 120 BC in probably Rhodes, Greece Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Little is known of Hipparchus 's life, but he is known to have been born in Nicaea in Bithynia. The town of Nicaea is now called Iznik and is situated in north-western Turkey. Founded in the 4 th Century BC, Nicaea lies on the eastern shore of Lake Iznik. Reasonably enough Hipparchus is often referred to as Hipparchus of Nicaea or Hipparchus of Bithynia and he is listed among the famous men of Bithynia by Strabo , the Greek geographer and historian who lived from about 64 BC to about 24 AD. There are coins from Nicaea which depict Hipparchus sitting looking at a globe and his image appears on coins minted under five different Roman emperors between 138 AD and 253 AD. This seems to firmly place Hipparchus in Nicaea and indeed Ptolemy does describe Hipparchus as observing in Bithynia, and one would naturally assume that in fact he was observing in Nicaea. However, of the observations which are said to have been made by Hipparchus, some were made in the north of the island of Rhodes and several (although only one is definitely due to Hipparchus himself) were made in Alexandria. If these are indeed as they appear we can say with certainty that Hipparchus was in Alexandria in 146 BC and in Rhodes near the end of his career in 127 BC and 126 BC.

8. [HM] Chord Table Possibly By Hipparchus Of Rhodes a topic from historia HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes.post a message on this topic post a message on a new topic http://mathforum.org/epigone/historia/dwangtwolsmu

a topic from historia [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes post a message on this topic post a message on a new topic 2 Jan 2000 [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes , by Barnabas Hughes 3 Jan 2000 Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes , by Barnabas Hughes The Math Forum

9. [HM] Chord Table Possibly By Hipparchus Of Rhodes HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes. post a message on this topic. post a message on a new topic. 2 Jan 2000 HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes, by Barnabas Hughes. 3 Jan http://mathforum.com/epigone/historia/dwangtwolsmu

a topic from historia [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes post a message on this topic post a message on a new topic 2 Jan 2000 [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes , by Barnabas Hughes 3 Jan 2000 Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes , by Barnabas Hughes The Math Forum

10. Hipparchus hipparchus of rhodes. Name hipparchus of rhodes. Dates I80 BC 125 BC. Place of birth or lifes work Rhodes, Greece, Nicea and Alexandria. Family Information NA http://www.summitschool.com/classrooms/appelget/Hipparchus.htm

Hipparchus of Rhodes Name: Hipparchus of Rhodes Dates: I80 BC- 125 BC Place of birth or life’s work : Rhodes, Greece, Nicea and Alexandria Family Information: NA Major Discoveries: He discovered the approximate length of the seasons and calculated the length of the tropical year within 6.5 minutes Experiment: calculate the length of a tropical year Title: The Location of the Earth Materials: telescope and a clear sky Hypothesis: there are exactly 365 days in a year Experimental Design: 1) use a telescope to see precisely where we are at the sun. 2) every morning use the telescope to see how far we have moved, and the changes. 3) later, when you reach the same spot that you were at on the first day of measurement, your conclusion will be that it takes 365 days for the earth to rotate around the sun. By: Tracy, Caroline, Claudia, Nikki Back to Greek Guys Reports

11. TMTh:: HIPPARCHUS OF RHODES MATHEMATICIAN, ASTRONOMER, GEOGRAPHER. hipparchus of rhodes (fl. 190 120 BC) Life The greatest astronomical observer of all time http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/1/58.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS MATHEMATICIAN, ASTRONOMER, GEOGRAPHER HIPPARCHUS OF RHODES (fl. 190 - 120 BC) Life The greatest astronomical observer of all time, and the father of astronomy, Hipparchus was born in Nicaea in Bithynia, but lived most of his life in Rhodes and Alexandria. He insisted that geography - the determination of the positions of places on earth - had to be based on the use of astronomical methods to determine their latitude and longitude: he determined latitude by application of the gnomon, the zenith of the fixed stars, the duration of the longest day of the year, and thought that longitude could be determined by observing, from each place, the moments when a solar eclipse began and ended. Work His maps were based on geometric calculation, and marked a great step forward in the history of cartography. One of the craters on the moon has been named "Hipparchus" in his honour. His work is chronicled in Stobaeus. Hipparchus invented an improved type of astrolabe, which he used to determine with accuracy the co-ordinates of the stars. He devised a globe and a planisphere. The planisphere allowed "stereographic projections" - also invented by Hipparchus - to be used to determine the precise time. He improved the dioptra, an instrument used to estimate the apparent diameter, distance and size of the sun and the moon, and used and improved various older instruments, including the plumb, the gnomon, the polos, the sundial, the clepsydra, the fixed sphere, the water clock and the rings.

12. Rob S. Rice USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium Paper For Collected concerning ancient celestial navigation and the island of Rhodes. The united efforts of a wealthy Roman, a the stars' positions was hipparchus of rhodes; that in more than one http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rrice/usna_pap.html

Rob S. Rice USNA Eleventh Naval History Symposium Paper for Collected Volume The Antikythera Mechanism: Physical and Intellectual Salvage from the 1st Century B.C. At some time around 80 B.C. a heavily laden merchant ship sank to the bottom of the sea off the Southern coast of Greece. After two millennia, materials from that vessels cargo have combined with the work of several scholars to allow wider speculation on the subject of seafaring in Greek and Roman antiquity. The objective of this treatment of the chain of events involved is to provide a useful survey of early and modern underwater archaeology and the mechanics of artifact preservation and interpretation as well as to offer conclusions drawn from the data presented here concerning ancient celestial navigation and the island of Rhodes. The united efforts of a wealthy Roman, a frightened Greek sponge diver, an English physicist, and an American naval historian have combined to allow some further inquiry into civilian and military seafaring in the first century before Christ. Sailing further south past the island of Antikythera off the southernmost coast of Greece offers an alternative to, as a very ancient proverb says, "rounding Malea and forgetting home." Whether he sought to avoid the pirates or the storms clustered around the infamous cape, the skipper of what apparently was a good-sized Roman merchant vessel of around 300 tons made a wrong decision. His ship crashed into and sank off the island's coastal cliffs, and what was probably a wealthy Roman buyer eventually learned that his treasure ship's cargo had gone down in nearly two hundred feet of very cold, current-swept water.

13. Hipparchus --  Encyclopædia Britannica , hipparchus of rhodes Annotated biography of this ancient Greek astronomerwho discovered the precession of the equinoxes. , Hipparchus http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=41409

14. Historia Matematica Mailing List Archive: [HM] Chord Table Poss HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes. Next in thread BarnabasHughes Re HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes ; http://sunsite.utk.edu/math_archives/.http/hypermail/historia/jan00/0006.html

[HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes Subject: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes From: Barnabas Hughes ( hcedu037@csun.edu Date: Sun Jan 02 2000 - 13:56:22 EST Next message: Eric Detrez: "[HM] symbol for infinity" Previous message: Alejandro Rivero: "Re: [HM] Barrow" Next in thread: Barnabas Hughes: "Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Reply: Barnabas Hughes: "Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Dear Colleagues, Relying on Theon of Alexandria the historian Thomas L. Heath [1] noted that Hipparchus of Rhodes composed 12 books of chords. More recently G.L. Toomer [2] suggested that 12 sections on chord tables probably describes what Hipparchus constructed. In fact, following upon a remark by Otto Neugebauer [3], his mentor and colleague at Brown University, he recreated a plausible table of 24 values, beginning with 7.5 degrees and proceeding in that increment to 180 degrees, using (what is now considered certain) a radius of 3438 minutes for the base circle, the Pythagorean Theorem, the

15. Historia Matematica Mailing List Archive: Re: [HM] Chord Table Re HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes. In reply to BarnabasHughes HM Chord Table Possibly by hipparchus of rhodes ; http://sunsite.utk.edu/math_archives/.http/hypermail/historia/jan00/0011.html

Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes Subject: Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes From: Barnabas Hughes ( hcedu037@csun.edu Date: Mon Jan 03 2000 - 07:16:07 EST Next message: Bernd Buldt: "Re: [HM] Topics in the history of Social Choice" Previous message: Samuel S. Kutler: "[HM] Hilbert's Foundations of Geometry" In reply to: Barnabas Hughes: "[HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Reply: Barnabas Hughes: "Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Colleagues: The description of the table I constructed should have read: ...from 4.5 degrees to 175.5 degrees. BHughes Next message: Bernd Buldt: "Re: [HM] Topics in the history of Social Choice" Previous message: Samuel S. Kutler: "[HM] Hilbert's Foundations of Geometry" In reply to: Barnabas Hughes: "[HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Reply: Barnabas Hughes: "Re: [HM] Chord Table Possibly by Hipparchus of Rhodes" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] This archive was generated by hypermail 2b28 Mon Jan 03 2000 - 10:23:53 EST

16. Sophia-L: Aristarchus Of Samos And Hipparchus Of Rhodes Aristarchus of Samos and hipparchus of rhodes. David Fideler (phanes@cris.com)Wed, 21 Feb 1996 200455 GMT I ve come across suggestions http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/o1/logs/sophia/log.started9602

Aristarchus of Samos and Hipparchus of Rhodes David Fideler ( phanes@cris.com Wed, 21 Feb 1996 20:04:55 GMT

17. Sophia-L By Subject 59 GMT. Aristarchus of Samos and hipparchus of rhodes David FidelerWed, 21 Feb 1996 200455 GMT. Aristotle s Tyranny. Hrannar Mar http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/o1/logs/sophia/log.started9602

Sophia-L by subject Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ author ] Other mail archives Starting: Tue 06 Feb 1996 - 17:27:22 MET DST Ending: Tue 16 Apr 1996 - 00:00:-20558 MET DST Messages: "For the most part" Nicholas Denyer Wed, 3 Apr 1996 11:05:40 BST "O my friends..." Donald Stahl Fri, 23 Feb 1996 03:44:16 GMT (no subject) Bernie Kappius Tue, 6 Feb 1996 23:02:31 GMT wildcelt Sun, 11 Feb 1996 04:39:56 GMT sophia-request@liverpool.ac.uk Thu, 22 Feb 1996 13:42:56 +0100 Kory Felker Sat, 23 Mar 1996 07:57:37 GMT Melanie Tsai Sat, 10 Feb 1996 19:50:09 GMT Shyamala Raperjee Mon, 18 Mar 1996 04:24:22 GMT Lucy Whitten Sun, 24 Mar 1996 12:03:51 GMT Allison Eng Sun, 25 Feb 1996 10:28:55 GMT ancient philosophy voodoo Mon, 4 Mar 1996 06:34:27 GMT Ancient Philosophy Lists Hugh Jass Wed, 21 Feb 1996 21:54:23 GMT Arabic Plato translations jwalbrid Tue, 5 Mar 1996 13:26:59 GMT jwalbrid Tue, 5 Mar 1996 13:26:59 GMT Aristarchus of Samos and Hipparchus of Rhodes David Fideler Wed, 21 Feb 1996 20:04:55 GMT Aristotle's Tyranny. Hrannar Mar Sigurdsson Wed, 10 Apr 1996 17:17:24 BST Black Athena (on-line debate) (fwd) Stephen Clark Wed, 3 Apr 1996 13:01:03 BST

18. A.htm Heron of Alexandria. Herschel, Caroline. Hilbert, David. hipparchus of rhodes. Hudzinski, Kathleen http://www.forestcity.k12.ia.us/pages/FCHS/Site/h.htm

Here is the current list of Mathematicians that we have on our page whose last name begins with the letter: H Hamilton, William Heron of Alexandria Herschel, Caroline Hilbert, David Hipparchus of Rhodes Hudzinski, Kathleen Hypatia Harriot Hausdorff Hermite Hippias Hippocrates For a different list click the letter below or click here to go home. A B C ... Z If you have any other mathematicians that you feel we should add to our list, please feel free to cantact me. Daniel Meyer

19. People(Hipparchus) - STARBASE hipparchus of rhodes was a Greek astronomer who was the first person to systematicallysurvey the sky and is considered to be the father of astronomy . http://www.ph.surrey.ac.uk/astrophysics/files/hipparchus.html

NB. Blue links are links within the current page. Purple links are external links to other web sites. Pale Green links are are to other pages at this site.) General Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473-1543) Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) ... Hawking, Stephen (1942-1998+) Hipparchus of Rhodes was a Greek astronomer who was the first person to systematically survey the sky and is considered to be the 'father of astronomy'. LINKS Short Biography of Hipparchus of Rhodes http://www.windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/people/ancient_epoch/hipparchus.html Information on Hipparchus and what he did http://windows.engin.umich.edu/cgi-bin/tour_def/people/ancient_epoch/hipparchus.html Information about the observations of Hipparchus during a solar eclipse including a diagram http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/courses/astro201/hipparchus.htm

20. Hipparchus hipparchus of rhodes. Little is known of Hipparchus s life, but he is knownto have worked in Nicaea, Rhodes and Alexandria. worked on trigonometry. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Hpprchs.htm

Hipparchus of Rhodes Born: 180 BC in Nicaea (now Iznik), Bithynia (now Turkey) Died: 125 BC in Rhodes, Greece Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page Little is known of Hipparchus 's life, but he is known to have worked in Nicaea, Rhodes and Alexandria. worked on trigonometry. He introduced the division of a circle into 360 degrees into Greece and produced a table of chords, an early example of trigonometric tables. He also gave methods for solving spherical triangles and advocated the use of latitude and longitude for position on the Earth. Hipparchus calculated the length of the year to within 6.5 minutes and discovered the precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus's value of 46" for the annual precession is good compared with the modern value of 50.26" and much better than the figure of 36" that Ptolemy was to obtain nearly 300 years later. His star catalog, containing about 850 stars, lists magnitude with a six point scale similar to that used today. His star catalogue, completed in 129 BC, was used by Ptolemy and its quality was such that it was even used by Halley References (18 books/articles) References elsewhere in this archive: A poster of this mathematician is available Tell me more about trigonometry Tell me about his part in the longitude problem There is a Crater Hipparchus on the moon. You can see a

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