21. Euclid's Other Works It is probable that gherard of cremona (11141187) translated this edition intoLatin, and the work became well known because of this to the scholars of the http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/Euclid300BC/OTHERWORKS.HTML

Euclid's Other Works Phaenomena / Data / Optica / Catoptrica / Sectio Canonis / On Divisions / Pseudaria / Surface-Loci Title Page to L. Berggren's and R. Thomas's translation of Euclid's Phaenomena PHAENOMENA This is Euclidís astronomical work and is still available today. The Phaenomena is a book containing 18 propositions dealing with spherical geometry. It was perhaps written shortly after Autolycusís Moving Sphere , on the same subject, and another work entitled Spaerica , possibly compiled by Eudoxus . The Phaenomena deals with geometrical proofs of propositions which are established by observation, primarily dealing with the rising and setting of stars together or one after another, in a given order. It also contains ten propositions related to the problem of determining the length of daylight on a given day at a given locality. DATA The focus of the Data is concerned with the first six books of the Elements ; it is often considered a supplement. This is a collection of geometrical theorems and ninety-six exercises (many editions contain a different number of exercises, usually in agreement around 94) intended to allow the reader to gain a better knowledge of solving problems. The Data is considered appropriate to one of the goals of Greek mathematics, namely, the solution of new problems. This manual contains propositions concerning certain given or determined magnitudes, and from this other magnitudes can also be determined.

22. LookSmart Australia Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme.http//www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/mid World Directory. http://explore.looksmart.com.au/synd-oz/explore/index.jsp?catPath=302562;317836;

23. Medieval History QUICK, Information At NO CHARGE On Medieval History Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, andOresme. www.math.tamu.edu. Next Results Start Another Search http://www.askwhatever.co.uk/whatsearch/whatsearch.cgi?keywords= medieval histor

24. Egypt Math Web Sites Cairo, Egypt. Ahmed ibn Yusuf wrote on ratio and proportion and itwas translated into Latin by gherard of cremona. The book is http://showcase.netins.net/web/rmozzer/Egypt.html

Egypt math web sites Serenus Born: about 300 in Antinoupolis, Egypt Died: about 360. Serenus wrote On the Section of a Cylinder and On the Section of a Cone . He also wrote a commentry on Apollonius's Conics which is lost. Ahmed ibn Yusuf Born: 835 in Baghdad (now in Iraq) Died: 912 in Cairo, Egypt. Ahmed ibn Yusuf wrote on ratio and proportion and it was translated into Latin by Gherard of Cremona. The book is largely a commentary on, and expansion of, Book 5 of Euclid's Elements . Ahmed ibn Yusuf also gave methods to solve tax problems which appear in Fibonacci's Liber Abaci . He was also quoted by Bradwardine, Jordanus and Pacioli. Abu Kamil Shuja ibn Aslam ibn Muhammad ibn Shuja Born: about 850 in (possibly) Egypt. Died: about 930. Abu Kamil Shuja is sometimes known as al'Hasib and he worked on integer solutions of equations. He also gave the solution of a fourth degree equation and of a quadratic equation with irrational coefficients. Abu Kamil's work was the basis of Fibonacci's books. He lived later than al'Khwarizmi and his biggest advance was in the use of irrational coefficients. Theon of Alexandria Born: about 335 in (possibly) Alexandria, Egypt. Died: about 395. Theon was the father of Hypatia and worked in Alexandria as a professor of mathematics and astronomy. He produced commentaries on many works such as Ptolemy's Almagest and works of Euclid. Theon was a competent but unoriginal mathematician. Theon's version of Euclid's Elements (with textual changes and some additions) was the only Greek text of the Elements known, until an earlier one was discovered in the Vatican in the late 19

25. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page 277*) Gerard of Cremona (668) Gergonne, Joseph (75) Gerhard of Cremona (668) Germain,Sophie (1063*), Gerson, Levi ben (268) gherard of cremona (668) Ghetaldi http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/alphalist.htm

Full Alphabetical Index The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (12)

26. Chapter VII Commandino (30) of de Superficierum Divisionibus (31) tajeb from a manuscript inDee s possession, of a Latin translation by gherard of cremona from the Arabic http://www.johndee.org/calder/html/Calder7.html

CHAPTER VII. THE MORTLAKE CIRCLE AND ELIZABETHAN ENDEAVOUR I. Dee settles at Mortlake - his household - connections with Sydney family - with the mathematician Thomas Allen - attacked with Allen, Lopez and Julio in Leicester's Commonwealth - friendship with Dyer - attempts to engage Dyer's influence in his political schemes. de Superficerum Divisiorum with Commandine in Italy - Dee's identification of the work as Euclid's. III. The English Euclid published - Dee, Billingsley and Whitehead - its novelty - thesis of the Preface , the three levels of mathematics - reflections of this in introductions to the separate books - Dee's defence against charges of conjuring - his appeal for wider mathematical instruction and for dissemination of scientific works in the vernacular - parallels with Gilbert's proposal for founding Academy on new educational principals and for scientific research. IV. Concern of the Preface and Dee's annotations with the new artisan and technical classes - the appeal Dee's work had for them - their conscious independence, experimental approach and increasing respect for mathematics. V. Dee's special interest in navigation - his paradoxal compass - the problem of longitude finding (n.91) - his compass of variation and contemporary descriptions.

27. Welcome To GJSentinel! to the 14thcentury. Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci,Jordanus, and Oresme. History of Mathematics Shares biographies http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/cgi/cim/cgi-bin/looksmart/looksmart/egjt176954/eu

28. Welcome To GJSentinel! Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme.History of Mathematics Biographies of more than 1100 mathematicians. http://www.gjsentinel.com/news/cgi/cim/cgi-bin/looksmart/looksmart/egjt176954/eu

29. Recent Articles In St Andrews Archive: How Do We Know About Greekmathematics? By in the 9th century. gherard of cremona translated the Thabit versioninto Latin in the 12th century. An earlier Latin translation http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/spythimpcrou

Recent Articles in St Andrews Archive: How do we know about Greekmathematics? by Antreas P. Hatzipolakis reply to this message post a message on a new topic Back to math-history-list Subject: Recent Articles in St Andrews Archive: How do we know about Greekmathematics? Author: xpolakis@otenet.gr Date: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Greek_sources_1.html APH The Math Forum

30. Aa, Personal , Ahmet Kaya ,Þebnem Ferah , Göksel , Ebru Gündeþ 1519*) Gerard of Cremona (668) Gergonne, Joseph (1116) Gerhard of Cremona (668) Germain,Sophie (1063*) Gerson, Levi ben (268) gherard of cremona (668) Ghetaldi http://www.newturk.net/index111.html

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31. Delv.co.uk: Arabic Language Websites In The UK Certainly Adelard became an expert in the arabic language which he mighthave learnt in Spain as did gherard of cremona a few years later. http://www.delv.co.uk/results.asp?&alt=1&qry=arabic language&t=&nRes=14&offset=2

32. Arab Division News 2003 amputation. gherard of cremona into Latinin the Middle Ages first translatedalTasrif. Several other editors’ in Europe followed it. http://iaphomepage.org/arab/arab103/arab103.html

International News index Divisions News Index Volume 2 Issue 1 September 2003 Contents Editorial Message from The President First Workshop of the Arab School of Pathology ABU AL-QASIM AL-ZAHRAWI - (936-1013 A.D) ... Calendar of Events Editorial This newsletter is as an annual communication medium among the Arab pathologists. It aims to communicate news of regional meetings, practice ideas, experiences, and job opportunities in the Arab world. News from the council and from the mother IAP is also communicated. Your contributions of any topic of interest to the Arabic pathologists are welcomed. Please e-mail your article to the address listed at the last page. We look forward to your contributions. Wasim F. Raslan, MD, PhD Editor E-mail: raslanwf@aramco.com.sa Wasim F. Raslan, MD, PhD Editor Back to contents A Message from the President Dr. Sharif El Salem Head, Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria Dear colleagues and friends: Between the pervious issue of this newsletter and this issue, our region have witnessed major events that affected each one of us in one way or another. I wish that all the tragic events and the suffering would be over soon. I hope that, by advancing our scientific work, we can decrease the suffering of our people and build a prosperous future for our Arab Nation. One of the main decisions adopted by the Damascus meeting of AD/IAP was the establishment of the Arab School of Pathology.

33. Text Manuscripts/new Items 312. f. 143v, blank; ff. 144148, Thabit ibn’Qurra (826–901), Liberde quinque imaginibus Latin translation by gherard of cremona ? http://www.textmanuscripts.com/home/archives/archivesdescription.php?m=130

34. Find Medieval Europe Information Online At Amerifindit, America's Search Engine Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme. http//www.math.tamu.edu/WWWVL Medieval Europe The WWW Virtual Library. http://europe.amerifindit.com/directory/europe/medieval_europe

Amerifindit europe > medieval europe Get to the medieval europe Site You're Looking For EAWC Chronology - Medieval Europe Timeline EAWC provides a chronological timeline of events in Medieval Europe from the 6th through the 16th centuries. http://eawc.evansville.edu/ Medieval Europe, Paperback - Half.com by eBay Order the book " Medieval Europe " by C. Warren Hollister and get the paperback edition. Sort by title or price. http://www.qksrv.net/ History of Math - Mathematics in Medieval Europe Explore European math from the 12th- to the 14th-century. Meet Gherard of Cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme. http://www.math.tamu.edu/ Exploring Ancient World Cultures - Medieval Europe Features an investigation of the art, culture, law and literature of medieval Europe . Selections from Thomas Aquinas' "Summa Theologica" are included. http://eawc.evansville.edu/ Discover the resistance efforts of a teenager against England's invasion of France that lead the crowning of Charles VII in 1429. http://www.historyguide.org/

35. Earliest Known Uses Of Some Of The Words Of Mathematics (S) According to some sources, sinus first appears in Latin in a translationof the Algebra of alKhowarizmi by gherard of cremona (1114-1187). http://mail.mcjh.kl.edu.tw/~chenkwn/mathword/s.html

¦­´Á¼Æ¾Ç¦r·Jªº¾ú¥v (S) Last revision: June 30, 1999 The term ST. PETERSBURG PARADOX was coined by d'Alembert, who received a solution by Daniel Bernoulli in 1731 and published it in Commentarii Akad. Sci. Petropolis 5, 175-192 (1738). The originator of the St. Petersburg paradox was Niklaus Bernoulli. (Jacques Dutka, "On the St. Petersburg paradox," Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 39, No.1, 1988) SADDLE POINT is found in 1922 in A Treatise on the Theory of Bessel Functions by G. N. Watson (OED2). SAMPLE SPACE appears in W. Feller, "Note on regions similar to the sample space," Statist. Res. Mem., Univ. London 2, 117-125 (1938). The term may have been used earlier by Richard von Mises (1883-1953). SCALAR. See vector. SCALAR PRODUCT. See vector product. SCALENE. In Sir Henry Billingsley's 1570 translation of Euclid's Elements scalenum is used as a noun: "Scalenum is a triangle, whose three sides are all unequall." In 1642 scalene is found in a rare use as a noun, referring to a scalene triangle in Song of Soul by Henry More: "But if 't consist of points: then a Scalene I'll prove all one with an Isosceles." The earliest use of scalene as an adjective is in 1684 in Angular Sections by John Wallis: "The Scalene Cone and Cylinder." The earliest use of

36. Enigma Galgano - Medioevo In Rete - Personaggi - Matematici Del XII Secolo Translate this page 6) Bhaskara (1114-1185). 7) gherard of cremona (1114-1187). 8) Ibn Yahya al-MaghribiAl-Samawal (1130-1180). 9) Sharaf al-Din al-Muzaffar al-Tusi (1135-1213). http://web.infinito.it/utenti/e/enigmagalgano/Medioevo_in_Rete/personaggi/matema

Matematici del XII secolo Omar Khayyan Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci Torna a Personaggi Omar Khayyan (18 maggio 1048 - 4 dicembre 1131) Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi Adelard of Bath Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra al-Ishbili Abu Muhammad Jabir ibn Aflah ... Johannes de Sacrobosco

37. History Of Physics - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia He was known as Alkindus in Latin and a large number of his books weretranslated into Latin by gherard of cremona. AlKindi s influence http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=History_of_physics

38. History Of Math from the 12th to the 14th-century. Meet gherard of cremona, Adelardof Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme. www.math.tamu.edu. http://www.spectster.com/cgi-bin/search/smartsearch.cgi?keywords=history of math

39. From In[462]= Abc Xref Newsmst01.news.prodigy.com Comp.sys.hp48 consumption According to some sources, sinus first appears in Latin in a translationof the Algebra of alKhowarizmi by gherard of cremona (1114-1187). http://www.grahamkendall.net/HP48-49/A44

40. Searches Fast As The Wind Meet gherard of cremona, Adelard of Bath, Fibonacci, Jordanus, and Oresme.http//www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/mideva MSN. 15. http://www.blowsearch.com/search.php?Terms=medieval europe

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