1. PSIgate - Full Record For 2003827-94838 Regnier gemma frisius regnier Gemma Frisius (15081555) was a Dutchscientist active in geography, astronomy and map making. This http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psifullrecord.pl?handle=2003827-94838

2. PSIgate - Browse Results Page 1 · 2. Regnier gemma frisius regnier Gemma Frisius (15081555)was a Dutch scientist active in geography, astronomy and map making. http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psibrowse2.pl?limit=25&subject=509.2f&top

3. Biography-center - Letter G .edu/art/collections/bio/a4071.html. gemma frisius, regnier. www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Mathematicians/gemma_frisius.html. Gen. Barry R http://www.biography-center.com/g.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish G 558 biographies www.pathfinder.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/godel.html www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Godel.html www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gopel.html G.i., American www.pathfinder.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/gi01.html Gabbiani, Beppe www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-gabbep.html Gabelich, Gary www.hickoksports.com/biograph/gabelichg.shtml Gable, Daniel M. www.hickoksports.com/biograph/gabledan.shtml Gabor, Dennis www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1971/gabor-autobio.html Gachot, Bertrand www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-gacber.html Gaddi, Taddeo www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/g/gaddi/taddeo/biograph.html Gadgil, Ashok web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/gadgil.html Gadgil, Ashok

4. Web Articles: 3. People Ashley BayntonWilliams - MapForum 8, 1999) frisius. regnier gemma frisius ( hyperlinked biography, from the MacTutor http://www.maphistory.info/textpeople.html

WWW-Virtual Library: History Map History / History of Cartography: THE Gateway to the Subject HOME (main menu) WEB ARTICLES menu INDEX complete SITEMAP What the site is ABOUT WHAT'S NEW Web articles and commentaries on specific topics in the History of Cartography People (The only online bibliography for the history of cartography. The monthly additions are indicated thus, e.g. will find entries added at any time in that year) Please notify any corrections or additions to the editor, Tony Campbell: Make sure to consult its before using any of the texts below Back to the Web Articles Main Menu explanatory note about Web Articles online exhibitions works with a theoretical (often literary) dimension Battista AGNESE. 'Guide to Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the Huntington Library' (includes descriptions and enlarged images of the entire contents of four Agnese atlases (HM 10-HM 27); also, consult the analytical table, 'Chart of the portolan atlases: geographical areas on maps and portolan atlases' Battista AGNESE Battista AGNESE, [Portolan Atlas of Europe with a Map of the World], in Italian AL-BIRUNI. Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (hyperlinked biography, from the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews) ALBUQUERQUE. Luís de Albuquerque (1917-1992)

5. Websters Instrument Makers Database - Letter R RAINER frisius. see gemma frisius. Zinner 1 Meridian Sundial = CNAM. Régnier. Senaur. RSW. regnier, EDWARD. France, c.1800, PHIM http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/history/websters/r.htm

Signature Maker Info Instruments Comments Location References R. 1 Holland, 1602, NIM Mariner's Astrolabe, 1602 (NMM-56) = AMST. NMM is the Census of Mariner's Astrolabes. R. 2 MIM Barrel Measure, wood and ivory, 64 inches = Salem Maritime Nat'l Site. rule now in two pieces RSW. R.C. England, 18th Century, MIM Dividers, iron = Bovet Coll. = NMM. RSW. R.D. Germany, 1838, MIM Evans 1. R.D.H.A.E. Germany?, 1765, MIM Table Sundial, stone, 1765 = NUR. Zinner 1. R.E. 1 Germany, MIM Astrolabe = DEU. mastermark in shield. D. Bachman 1. R.E. 2 England, fl.1770-1805, MIM Sundials, vertical = the Church and a house on Thomas Street North in Monkwearmouth. schoolmaster; parish clerk. Boldon. Gatty. R.F. 1 Germany, 1590, marked on a stone perpetual calendar by M. Joh. Helsbeccius in the HAK museum. RSW. R.F. 2 France, c.1620, MIM Astronomical Compendium = Evans Coll. = OXF; Diptych Sundial, octagonal, ivory = Soth. 7/7/78 = Soth. 12/15/55-160. initials and punchmark on base of diptych, punchmark is an inverted V with a little circle above it; both instruments have paper or leather lining on 1b and 2a; Soth. has a blue lining on 1b with a list of latitudes in gold, and with a slide to set string at proper latitude. Dieppe ?

6. Gemma_Frisius regnier gemma frisius. Honours awarded to regnier gemma frisius (Click alink below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gemma_Frisius.html

Regnier Gemma Frisius Born: 8 Dec 1508 in Dokkum, Friesland, The Netherlands Died: 25 May 1555 in Louvain, Brabant (now Belgium) Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Regnier Gemma Frisius was a native of Friesland, a coastal province in northern Netherlands, which explains why he gave himself the name of Frisius. He was born Regnier Gemma and only adopted the name Frisius when he later became a scholar for, like many scholars from his country, he adopted a Latin version of his name. So Regnier Gemma became Gemma Frisius. His parents were very poor people and both died when he was still a young child. Left an orphan and a cripple, he was brought up by his stepmother who on a special feast day, when Gemma was six years old, took him to the shrine of St Boniface in Dokkum. Certainly after this his legs which could not support his weight became stronger and his family believed that he had been cured by a miracle. Certainly given the difficult start he had in life it was indeed a miracle that he was able to achieve so much but, however, he remained a frail person all his life. Apianus 's Cosmographia.

7. Gemma_Frisius Biography of regnier gemma frisius (15081555) regnier gemma frisius was a native of Friesland, a coastal province in northern Netherlands, which explains his name. So regnier gemma became gemma frisius. His parents were very http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gemma_Frisius.html

Regnier Gemma Frisius Born: 8 Dec 1508 in Dokkum, Friesland, The Netherlands Died: 25 May 1555 in Louvain, Brabant (now Belgium) Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Regnier Gemma Frisius was a native of Friesland, a coastal province in northern Netherlands, which explains why he gave himself the name of Frisius. He was born Regnier Gemma and only adopted the name Frisius when he later became a scholar for, like many scholars from his country, he adopted a Latin version of his name. So Regnier Gemma became Gemma Frisius. His parents were very poor people and both died when he was still a young child. Left an orphan and a cripple, he was brought up by his stepmother who on a special feast day, when Gemma was six years old, took him to the shrine of St Boniface in Dokkum. Certainly after this his legs which could not support his weight became stronger and his family believed that he had been cured by a miracle. Certainly given the difficult start he had in life it was indeed a miracle that he was able to achieve so much but, however, he remained a frail person all his life. Apianus 's Cosmographia.

8. Poster Of Gemma_Frisius regnier gemma frisius. lived from 1508 to 1555. regnier gemma frisius appliedhis mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Posters2/Gemma_Frisius.html

Regnier Gemma Frisius lived from 1508 to 1555 Regnier Gemma Frisius applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making. He became the leading theoretical mathematician in the Low Countries. Find out more at http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/ Mathematicians/Gemma_Frisius.html

9. Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] Catalog of the Scientific Community. gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier Note the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on genealogical questions. 1. Dates. Born Dokkum Netherlands, 8 Dec 1508 MedicineMensura-Mathematica; The Life and Works of gemma frisius, 1508-1555, James Ford Bell lecture no http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/gemafris.html

Catalog of the Scientific Community Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] Note: the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on genealogical questions. 1. Dates Born: Dokkum Netherlands, 8 Dec 1508 Died: Louvain, Belgium, 25 May 1555 Dateinfo: Dates Certain Lifespan: 2. Father Occupation: Unknown He lost his parents young. He was of humble origins; not even his surname is known. It is clear that the family was poor. 3. Nationality Birth: Dokkum, Netherlands Career: Louvain, Belgium Death: Louvain, Belgium 4. Education Schooling: Louvain, M.D. He began his studies in Groningen, nearby to Dokkum. 1525, University of Louvain, where he was a member of the Dutch nation. He received his licentiate degree in 1528. 1536, he received his M.D. from Louvain. 5. Religion Affiliation: undoubtedly Catholic 6. Scientific Disciplines Primary: Primary: Astronomy, Geography, Cartography. Subordinate: Mathematics. He made two significant contributions to the earth sciences. In a chapter added to the 1533 Antwerp edition of the Cosmographicus, he was first to propose the principle of triangulation as a means of carefully locating places and accurately mapping areas. 20 years later, in the 1553 Antwerp edition of De princinpiis astronomiae, he was the first suggest in explicit terms the use of portable timepieces to measure longitude by lapsed time. 7. Means of Support

10. Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier. 1. Dates Born Dokkum Netherlands, 8 Dec1508 Died Louvain, Belgium, 25 May 1555 Dateinfo Dates Certain Lifespan 47 http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/FilesBAK1/gemafris.html

Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] 1. Dates Born: Dokkum Netherlands, 8 Dec 1508 Died: Louvain, Belgium, 25 May 1555 Dateinfo: Dates Certain Lifespan: 2. Father Occupation: Unknown He lost his parents young. He was of humble origins; not even his surname is known. It is clear that the family was poor. 3. Nationality Birth: Dokkum, Netherlands Career: Louvain, Belgium Death: Louvain, Belgium 4. Education Schooling: Louvain, M.D. He began his studies in Groningen, nearby to Dokkum. 1525, University of Louvain, where he was a member of the Dutch nation. He received his licentiate degree in 1528. 1536, he received his M.D. from Louvain. 5. Religion Affiliation: undoubtedly Catholic 6. Scientific Disciplines Primary: Primary: Astronomy, Geography, Cartography. Subordinate: Mathematics. He made two significant contributions to the earth sciences. In a chapter added to the 1533 Antwerp edition of the Cosmographicus, he was first to propose the principle of triangulation as a means of carefully locating places and accurately mapping areas. 20 years later, in the 1553 Antwerp edition of De princinpiis astronomiae, he was the first suggest in explicit terms the use of portable timepieces to measure longitude by lapsed time. 7. Means of Support

11. Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier. Note the creators of the GalileoProject and this catalogue cannot answer email on geneological questions. http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/FilesOLD/gemafris.html

Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] Note: the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on geneological questions. 1. Dates Born: Dokkum Netherlands, 8 Dec 1508 Died: Louvain, Belgium, 25 May 1555 Dateinfo: Dates Certain Lifespan: 2. Father Occupation: Unknown He lost his parents young. He was of humble origins; not even his surname is known. It is clear that the family was poor. 3. Nationality Birth: Dokkum, Netherlands Career: Louvain, Belgium Death: Louvain, Belgium 4. Education Schooling: Louvain, M.D. He began his studies in Groningen, nearby to Dokkum. 1525, University of Louvain, where he was a member of the Dutch nation. He received his licentiate degree in 1528. 1536, he received his M.D. from Louvain. 5. Religion Affiliation: undoubtedly Catholic 6. Scientific Disciplines Primary: Primary: Astronomy, Geography, Cartography. Subordinate: Mathematics. He made two significant contributions to the earth sciences. In a chapter added to the 1533 Antwerp edition of the Cosmographicus, he was first to propose the principle of triangulation as a means of carefully locating places and accurately mapping areas. 20 years later, in the 1553 Antwerp edition of De princinpiis astronomiae, he was the first suggest in explicit terms the use of portable timepieces to measure longitude by lapsed time. 7. Means of Support

12. References For Gemma_Frisius References for the biography of regnier gemma frisius References for regnier gemma frisius. Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography N D Haasbroek, gemma frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/References/Gemma_Frisius.html

References for Regnier Gemma Frisius Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Books: N Crane, Mercator : The Man who mapped the Planet (London, 2002). K Gesner, Bibliotheca universalis, Zurich, 1545 (Karrow, 1993). N D Haasbroek, Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations (Delft, 1968). R W Karrow, Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps (Chicago, 1993). G Kish, Medicina, mensura, mathematica : The Life and Works of Gemma Frisius, 1508-1555 (Minneapolis, 1967). Production of Globes in the Low Countries (Utrecht, 1993). Articles: B R Goldstein, Remarks on Gemma Frisius's 'De radio astronomico et geometrico', in From ancient omens to statistical mechanics (Copenhagen, 1987), 167-180. R Haardt, The globe of Gemma Frisius, Imago mundi H D Howse, Navigation and astronomy - I: The first three thousand years, Journal of the British Astronomical Association G Kish, The life and works of Gemma Frisius, 1508-1555, James Ford Bell Lecture (University of Minnesota, 1967).

13. Gemma_Frisius regnier gemma frisius. regnier gemma frisius was a native of Friesland, a coastalprovince in northern Netherlands, which explains his nickname of frisius. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/GmmFrss.htm

Regnier Gemma Frisius Born: 8 Dec 1508 in Dokkum, Friesland, Netherlands Died: 25 May 1555 in Louvain, Brabant (now Belgium) Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page Regnier Gemma Frisius was a native of Friesland, a coastal province in northern Netherlands, which explains his nickname of Frisius. He was educated at the University of Louvain, receiving a medical degree. He became the leading theoretical mathematician in the Low Countries and became professor of medicine and mathematics at the University of Louvain. He was also a practicing physician in Louvain. Gemma Frisius applied his mathematical expertise to geography, astronomy and map making. In Louvain he cooperated with his student Gerardus Mercator In 1530 Gemma Frisius wrote De Principiis Astronomiae Cosmographicae which he published in Louvain. Chapter 19 of this work describes, for the first time, how the longitude of a place may be found using a clock to determine the difference in local and absolute times. He says (see [5]):- ... it is with the help of these clocks and the following methods that longitude is found. ... observe exactly the time at the place from which we are making our journey. ... When we have completed a journey ... wait until the hand of our clock exactly touches the point of an hour and, at the same moment by means of an astrolabe... find out the time of the place we now find ourselves. ... In this way I would be able to find the longitude of places, even if I was dragged off unawares across a thousand miles.

14. The Scientific Revolution The Westfall Catalogue Scientific Scientific Revolution Westfall - DSB - Catalogue - RSW-DSB-RAH - Scientific Revolution - Dr Robert A. Hatch. T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N. WESTFALL CATALOGUE - SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. Dr Robert A. gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier 1. Dates Born Dokkum Netherlands, 8 December 1508; Died Louvain Charles noted an error in gemma frisius's Charta sive mappa mundi and http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/resource-ref-

Scientific Revolution - Westfall - DSB - Catalogue - RSW-DSB-RAH - Scientific Revolution - Dr Robert A. Hatch T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N WESTFALL CATALOGUE - SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Dr Robert A. Hatch - University of Florida Search - Name - Word - Category - Concept - Secondary Source - Author Gagliardi, Domenico 1. Dates Born: Rome, c. 1660; Died: Datecode: 2. Father: No Information. No information on financial status. 3. Nationality : Birth: Italian; Career: Italy; Death: Italian 4. Education: University of Sapienza (Rome); M.D. This is not really known; it is the assumption of the authorities on Gagliardi. 5. Religion: Catholic. 6. Scientific Disciplines : Anatomy; Medicine; Mcr; His name is especially connected with anatomy, particularly the skeletal system, which he summarized in Anatomes ossium novis inventis illustrata (1689). The book contains the first description of a case of what was presumably tuberculosis of the bone. He carried out morphological and microscopic investigations on human bones, using chemical reagents in order to bring out the fine structure. In 1720 he did a close study of the pneumonia epidemic raging in Rome. His study was anatomicopathological in approach and based on carefully conducted autopsies. The study led to his Relazione de' male di petto , 1720. He also published other medical works.

15. References For Gemma_Frisius References for regnier gemma frisius. Biography in Dictionary of ScientificBiography (New York 19701990). Articles BR Goldstein http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/~DZE479.htm

References for Regnier Gemma Frisius Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Articles: B R Goldstein, Remarks on Gemma Frisius's 'De radio astronomico et geometrico', in From ancient omens to statistical mechanics (Copenhagen, 1987), 167-180. H D Howse, Navigation and astronomy - I: The first three thousand years, Journal of the British Astronomical Association G Kish, The life and works of Gemma Frisius, 1508-1555, James Ford Bell Lecture (University of Minnesota, 1967). A Pogo, Gemma Frisius, his method of determining longitude, Isis (1935), i-xix, 469-485. F van Ostroy, Biobibliographie de Gemma Frisius, Close this window or click this link to go back to Gemma Frisius Welcome page Biographies Index History Topics Index Famous curves index ... Search Suggestions JOC/EFR January 1997 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Gemma_Frisius.html

16. The Science Bookstore - Search Store Book ID 12737) $200.00. frisius, gemma. Portrait gemma frisius, Doccomiensis, Medicus et Mathematicus". ca and E F Robertson) regnier gemma frisius was a native of Friesland http://www.thesciencebookstore.com/searchmain.asp?searchtype=Books by Keywords&a

17. Milestones: Section 2. Pre-1600 may be determined using difference of times by a clock and the associated observedchange in star positions (not implemented) regnier gemma-frisius (1508-1555 http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/milestone/sec2.html

Milestones in the History of Thematic Cartography, Statistical Graphics, and Data Visualization Pre-1600 Ptolemy 1842 map Mercator portrait Catalan Atlas Up: Index Introduction References Related Pre-1600 Pre-1600: Early maps and diagrams History of Cartography Project Map History Gateway The earliest seeds of visualization arose in geometric diagrams, in tables of the positions of stars and other celestial bodies, and in the making of maps to aid in navigation and exploration. We list only a few of these here to provide some early context against which later developments can be viewed. In the 16th century, techniques and instruments for precise observation and measurement of physical quantities were well-developed. As well, we see initial ideas for capturing images directly, and recording mathematical functions in tables. These early steps comprise the beginnings of the husbandry of visualization. c. 6200 BC The oldest known map? (There are several claimants for this honor.)- unknown, Museum at Konya, Turkey. IMG Konya town map (280 x 160; 7K)

18. Gemma_Frisius Portraits regnier gemma frisius. JOC/EFR April 2003 http//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/ history/PictDisplay/gemma_frisius.html http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Gemma_Frisius.html

Regnier Gemma Frisius JOC/EFR April 2003 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/Gemma_Frisius.html

19. History Of Astronomy: Persons (G) Math.). gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier (15081555) Biographicaldata and references; Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_g.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (G) Deutsche Fassung Gabir ben Aflah: see Jabir ibn Aflah Gabor, Dennis (1900-1979) The Nobel Prize in Physics 1971 Including an autobiography. Very short biographical data and links Gagarin, Yuri Alekseyevich (1934-1968) Very short biography Gale, Walter Frederick (1865-1945) Short biographical data and archival sources Galilei, Galileo Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812-1910) Very short biography Very short biography Very short biography Galois, Evariste (1811-1832) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Crater Galois (lunar feature) Links to WWW sources Gamow, George (1904-1968) Short biography and references Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Very short biography Ganesa (1507-after 1564) Very short biography Gaposchkin, Cecilia Payne: see Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia (1900-1979) Gascoigne, Sidney Charles (b. 1915) Short biographical data Short biography Gascoigne, William (1621-1644) Biographical data and references Gassendi [Gassend; Gassendy], Pierre (1592-1655)

20. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On July 13, 1999 G gemma frisius, Reiner Regner, regnier (15081555) Cosmographia A Close EncounterOn Petrus Apianus Cosmographia (1533), edited and enlarged by gemma http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990713.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on July 13, 1999 Several URLs have been updated. Welcome / About Site map (complete Table of Contents) updated Citation Index updated Dead Links updated Acknowledgements updated History of astronomy Observatories and other places Birr , Ireland Birr Castle Demesne (Homepage) Persons A Apian [Apianus; Bienewitz; Bennewitz], Peter [Petrus] (1495-1552) Cosmographia: A Close Encounter On Petrus Apianus' Cosmographia (1533), edited and enlarged by Gemma Frisius, and on cosmography in general. Includes short biographies of both authors. G Gemma Frisius, Reiner [Regner, Regnier] (1508-1555) Cosmographia: A Close Encounter On Petrus Apianus' Cosmographia (1533), edited and enlarged by Gemma Frisius, and on cosmography in general. Includes short biographies of both authors. K Kennedy, Alexander Lorimer (1889-?) Very short biographical data and bibliography King, Phillip Parker (1791-1856) Short biography Very short biography Mentions that he had a small [astronomical?] observatory. Kuiper, Gerard Peter (1905-1973)

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