21. History finlay freundlich was a student of Klein and because of his reputation for veryaccurate astronomical measurements, was sought after by Albert Einstein to http://public.lanl.gov/alp/plasma/history.html

History Pioneers in the development of the Plasma Universe. Charles-Edouard Guillaime " Kristian Birkeland In 1908 Birkeland wrote in the Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition 1902-1903 : Sec. 1, p. 131: The Worlds in the Universe Birkeland and the Electromagnetic Cosmology Erwin Findlay-Freundlich . Born: 29 May 1885 in Biebrich, Germany Died: 24 July 1964 in Wiesbaden, Germany. Napier Professor of Astronomy, St.Andrews, Scotland. Finlay Freundlich was a student of Klein and because of his reputation for very accurate astronomical measurements, was sought after by Albert Einstein to confirm the general theory of relativity. His tests of general relativity based on gravitational redshift were inconclusive. In 1933 he emigrated to Turkey, returned to Prague in 1937 but left in 1939 for St. Andrews, Scotland (his mother's country) to set up a department of astronomy. Freundlich was the first to determine the most accurate blackbody temperature of intergalactic space for a nonexpanding universe, 2.3K, in 1953

22. History Of Astronomy: Persons (F) Math.); Short biography (Eric Weisstein s Treasure Trove). freundlich,Erwin finlay finlayfreundlich, Erwin (1885-1964) Short biography http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_f.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (F) Deutsche Fassung Biographical data and references Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography and references From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Fabricius, David (1564-1617) Short biography Very short biography Fabricius, Johannes (1587-1616) Short biography Fabry, Marie Paul Auguste Charles (1867-1945) Very short biography Fairbank, William Martin (1917-1989) Very short biography Fairfax Somerville, Mary: see Somerville, Mary Fairfax Greig (1780-1872) Falck, Anders (1740-1796) Very short biographical data and links With a short biography in Swedish. Faraday, Michael (1791-1867) Short biography and references (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Fatou, Pierre Joseph Louis (1878-1929) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Faulkner, Don (20th c.) Very short biography Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Very short biography Fermat, Pierre de (1601-1665) Biography Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.)

23. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On January 28, 2000 Fowler, William Alfred (19111995) Very short biography. freundlich,Erwin finlay (1885-1964) Very short biography; Find more about http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new000128.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on January 28, 2000 Some URLs have been updated. Welcome / About Site map (complete Table of Contents) updated Citation Index updated Acknowledgements updated History of astronomy Observatories and other places Ann Arbor , Michigan, USA The University of Michigan Detroit Observatory Persons B Brahe, Tycho [Brahe, Tyge; Brahe, Tycho de] (1546-1601) Brahe, Tycho: Astronomiae instauratae mechanica In image form. Introduction by Ronald Brashear. D Darwin, George Howard (1845-1912) Very short biography Dee, John (1527-1608) Short biography and references Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1749-1822) Very short biography Dollond, John (1706-1761) Very short biography Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie (1861-1916) Short biography and reference Dyson, Frank Watson (1868-1939) Very short biography E Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1882-1944) Short biography and references Encke, Johann Franz (1791-1865) Very short biography Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BC - c. 196 BC)

24. Bodec - Krtek 1886, 10.11. 1966, astronom. Franta, Jan, 18.04, 1913, 16.03. 1978, astronom. freundlichfinlay,Fritz, Erwin, 29.05. 1885, 24.07. 1964, astronom, pedagog. Fric, Jan, 13.02. http://hisec.astro.cz/astronomove.htm

Seznam astronomù Výbor historické sekce sestavil seznam astronomù, kteøí jsou uvedeni v hesláøi bibliografického slovníku èeských zemí. Je nám jasné, že není úplný, a proto vás žádáme o jeho doplnìní o další astronomy, u kterých prosím uveïte maximum informací. Rovnìž pokud máte nìkdo zpracovánu jakoukoli níže uvedenou osobnost èeské atsronomie, pošlete nám prosím text a fotografie. pøíjmení jméno druhé jméno dat.narození dat úmrtí obor pùsobení Alter Jiøí žurnalista, astronom Anderle Pavel matematik, astronom, kosmolog Andìl Karel astronom, kartograf, pedagog Augustin František meteorolog, astronom, geograf Bacháèek Martin z Naumìøic matematik, astronom, geograf, kosmograf, pedagog Ballner Antonín astronom Basilius Daniel z Deutschenberka astronom, profesor, právník Beèka Bohumil astronom Beèváø Antonín astronom, meteorolog Beer Arthur astronom, seismolog, redaktor Bergmann Josephus matematik, astronom, profesor, jezuita Beneš Ladislav geodet, kartograf, astronom Biela Wilhelm ron astronom Bittner Adam matematik, astronom

25. Europawahl 1999 - Bewerber Und Ersatzbewerber - Partei: PASS - Alphabetisch Translate this page Bogen, Andreas, 12, Schadenregulierer, 1966. Calder, Maria Gabriele,6, Übersetzerin, 1940. finlay-freundlich, Thomas, 16, Ingenieur grad.1946. http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/wahlen/kandeu/d/t/PASS_a.htm

Der Bundeswahlleiter Europawahlen Bewerber und Ersatzbewerber der Partei PASS alphabetisch sortiert "PASS" nach Listenplatz Parteibewerberlisten nach Listenplatz ... APD PASS BP PBC NATURGESETZ NPD ... Tierschutz Name, Vorname(n) Listenplatz als Beruf Geburts- jahr Bewerber Ersatz- bewerber Bogen, Andreas Schadenregulierer Calder, Maria Gabriele Finlay-Freundlich, Thomas Ingenieur grad. ... Industriekaufmann generiert am 07.05.1999

26. Erwin Findlay-Freundlich Erwin Findlayfreundlich (May 29, 1885 - July 24, 1964) Scottish name finlay was an German astronomer, businessman, and a pupil of Felix Klein. http://www.sciencedaily.com/encyclopedia/erwin_findlay_freundlich

Match: sort by: relevance date Free Services Subscribe by email RSS newsfeeds PDA-friendly format loc="/images/" A A A Find Jobs In: Healthcare Engineering Accounting College Contract / Freelance Customer Service Diversity Engineering Executive Healthcare Hospitality Human Resources Information Tech International Manufacturing Nonprofit Retail All Jobs by Job Type All Jobs by Industry Relocating? Visit: Moving Resources Moving Companies Mortgage Information Mortgage Calculator Real Estate Lookup Front Page Today's Digest Week in Review Email Updates ... Outdoor Living Encyclopedia Main Page See live article Erwin Findlay-Freundlich Erwin Findlay-Freundlich May 29 July 24 ) [Scottish name:" Finlay "] was an German astronomer businessman , and a pupil of Felix Klein . He was born in Biebrich , Germany. Freundlich was a working associate of Albert Einstein and introduced experiments for which the general theory of relativity could be tested by astronomical observations based on the gravitational redshift . Freundlich reasearched the deflection of light rays passing close to the sun. He proposed an experiment, during an eclipse, to verify the validity of Einstein's theory. Freundlich demonstration would have proven Newton 's theories incorrect. He did conduct inconclusive tests of Einstein's general relativity. Freundlich died in

27. CIENCIA HOY 41 - ARTÍCULO - Der Einsteinturm - 2 Translate this page El segundo fue Erwin finlay freundlich, prácticamente el único astrónomoalemán que respondió al llamado de Einstein de que se comprobaran http://www.ciencia-hoy.retina.ar/hoy41/derein2.htm

Volumen 7 - Nº41 - 1997 Revista de Divulgación Científica y Tecnológica de la Asociación Ciencia Hoy ARTÍCULO Der Einsteinturm Física, Astronomía, Arquitectura y la Financiación de la Ciencia en la Alemania de Entreguerras. El segundo fue Erwin Finlay Freundlich, prácticamente el único astrónomo alemán que respondió al llamado de Einstein de que se comprobaran experimentalmente algunas predicciones de su teoría, y que estaba dedicado a hacerlo como integrante del instituto Kaiser-Wilhelm. Por último, el arquitecto Erich Mendelsohn, para quien esta fue la primera obra que construyó (Fig. 5). En 1920 los nombrados tenían, respectivamente, 41, 35 y 33 años. Ninguno de los tres había nacido ni se había educado en Berlín -Einstein, venido al mundo en Ulm, se formó en física en Zúrich y fue profesor en la universidad alemana de Praga; Freundlich, natural de Biberich, sobre el Rin, estudió matemática y astronomía en G ttingen, y Mendelsohn, que provenía de Prusia oriental y había estado un tiempo como estudiante en Berlín, obtuvo su diploma de arquitecto en Munich-. Fig. 5

28. History Of 2.7 K Temperature Prior To Penzias And Wilson We also discuss finlayfreundlich’s and Max Born’s important research on thistopic. finlay-freundlich, E., 1953, Göttinger Nachrichten, 7, 95-102. http://www.dfi.uem.br/~macedane/history_of_2.7k.html

History of 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brasil, e-mail: assis@ifi.unicamp.br ** Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá-PR, Brasil, e-mail: macedane@yahoo.com PACS: 98.70.Vc Background radiations 98.80.-k Cosmology 98.80Bp Origin and formation of the Universe Key Words: Cosmic background radiation, temperature of intergalactic space, blackblody radiation Introduction In 1965 Penzias and Wilson discovered the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) utilizing a horn reflector antenna built to study radio astronomy (Penzias and Wilson 1965). They found a temperature of 3.5 1.0 K observing background radiation at 7.3 cm wavelength. This was soon interpreted as a relic of the hot Big Bang with a blackbody spectrum (Dicke et al.

29. Tarihçe Fen Fakültesi bünyesinde Astronomi Enstitüsü olarak Ord. Prof. Dr. Erwin finlayfreundlich tarafindan kurulmustur. Dr. finlay freundlich, Ord. Prof. http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/fen/astronomy/tanitim/tarihce/tarihce.htm

ASTRONOMÝ VE UZAY BÝLÝMLERÝ BÖLÜMÜ Bugün Beyazýt'ta Ýstanbul Üniversitesi bahçesinde bulunan Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri Bölümü, 1933 yýlýnda Ý.Ü. Fen Fakültesi bünyesinde Astronomi Enstitüsü olarak Ord. Prof. Dr. Erwin Finlay Freundlich tarafýndan kurulmuþtur. Enstitü 1933-34 ve 1934-35 ders yýllarýnda, Zeynep Haným Konaðý'nda çalýþmalarýný sürdürmüþ, 1936-1937 ders yýlýndan itibaren de Ý.Ü. Merkez bahçesinde yeralan ve Prof. Dr. Arif Hikmet Holtan tarafýndan planý çizilip, Y. Müh. Ekrem Hakký Ayverdi tarafýndan yaptýrýlan bugünkü binalarýna taþýnmýþtýr. Bölümümüzü bugünlere getiren öðretim üyeleri : Ord. Prof. Dr. Finlay Freundlich, Ord. Prof. Dr Hans Rosenberg, Ord. Prof. Dr. Thomas Royds, Ord. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Gleissberg, Prof. Dr. Nüzhet Gökdoðan, Prof. Dr. Edibe Ballý, Prof. Dr. Adnan Kýral, Prof. Dr. Metin Hotinli, Prof. Dr. Tarýk Gökmen, Prof. Dr. Kamuran Avcýoðlu ve Prof. Dr. Fatma Esin'dir. Ord. Prof. Dr. W. Gleissberg, 1 Ocak 1934'de göreve baþlamýþtýr. Bu tarihlerde Gök Mekaniði, Küresel Astronomi, Astrofizik dersleri okutulmaktaydý. 24 Eylül 1934 yýlýnda Nüzhet Toydemir (Gökdoðan), 1935 yýlýnda Dr. Tevfik Okyay Kabakçýoðlu ve Paris Piþmiþ çalýþmalara katýlmýþlar, 11 Aralýk 1934 tarihinde Almanya'daki Zeiss firmasýna ýsmarlanan Astrograf, 25 Eylül 1936'da Trieste üzerinden gemi ile Ýstanbul'a getirilmiþ ve 1936 yýlýnýn sonbaharýnda yeni binadaki kubbeye yerleþtirilmiþtir. 1 Eylül 1938'de fotometri konusunda dünyaca ünlü Ord. Prof. Dr. H. Rosenberg göreve baþlamýþ ancak kýsa süre sonra vefat etmiþtir. 1942-1947 yýllarý arasýnda bölümü Ord. Prof. Dr. T. Royds yönetmiþtir. Prof. Dr. Royds ünlü fizikçi Rutherford' un asistaný olmuþtur. 1941 yýlýnda Edibe Tüzemen (Ballý) asistan olmuþ, 1946'da öðretim sistemi deðiþmiþ ve çift dal sistemine geçilmiþtir.

30. History Our department had been established by Ord.Prof.Dr. finlay freundlich,Ord. Prof. Dr Hans Rosenberg, Ord.Prof.Dr. Thomas Royds, Ord http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/fen/astronomy/tanitim/tarihce/history.htm

THE HISTORY Astronomy and Space Sciences Department now located on the University Campus at Beyazýt, was set up in 1933 by Prof. E. F. Freundlich under the name of Institute of Astronomy, as a branch of the Faculty of Science of Istanbul University. During the years of 1933-34 and 1934-35, the Institute occupied two rooms in the Faculty of Science Building called Zeynep Haným Konaðý.With the building of a small observatory on the Istanbul University Campus at Beyazýt in 1936, technological research on the subject started. An astrograph ordered from Zeiss, Germany on December 11, 1934 arrived in Istanbul via Trieste on September 25, 1936, and was placed in the dome of the new building in the fall of 1936. For the year of 1936-37, the Institute of Astronomy started the enrollment of students in its new building. Our department had been established by Ord.Prof.Dr. Finlay Freundlich, Ord. Prof. Dr Hans Rosenberg, Ord.Prof.Dr. Thomas Royds, Ord.Prof.Dr. Wolfgang Gleissberg, Prof.Dr.Nüzhet Gökdoðan, Prof.Dr.Edibe Ballý, Prof.Dr. Adnan Kýral, Prof.Dr. Metin Hotinli, Prof.Dr. Tarýk Gökmen, Prof.Dr. Kamuran Avcýoðlu and Prof.Dr. Fatma Esin. In the early 1940s, theoretical research about space absorption and the inner structure of stars were the subjects under study by staff. After 1948, besides the observation of small planets, academic staff in particular began to work on the Solar Cycle, which could be done widely by using a Lyot Filter within the Solar Observation and by entering the international network system, these data were sent worlwide.

31. Diplomarbeit „ZUR SONNE EMPOR“ Von Markus Nachtrab finlay freundlich 1924, http://www.design.fh-potsdam.de/fb4/projects/dufke/diplome/2002/einsteinturm/

o prof. klaus dufke www.design.fh-potsdam.de o start: diplomarbeiten: diplomarbeiten 2000-2003: CD-ROM zur Ausstellung "Vom Großen Refraktor zum Einsteinturm" ABSTRACT ZUM OBJEKT ZUM PROJEKT THEMATISCHE STRUKTUR ... LINKS ABSTRACT: Eine Veranstaltung zum Themenkomplex PUSH - Public Understanding of Science Kooperationspartner: http://www.einsteinturm.de Screenshots aus der CD-ROM [ top ] ZUM OBJEKT: "Dem Zauber dieser Theorie wird sich kaum jemand entziehen können, der sie wirklich erfaßt hat; sie bedeutet einen wahren Triumph der durch Gauß, Riemann, Christoffel, Ricci und Levi-Civiter (sic!) begründeten Methode des allgemeinen Differentialkalküls. […] "Mein erster Bau, der Einstein-Turm, versuchte meine Vorstellung mehr nach Form als nach Struktur auszudrücken. Er war im Schützengraben, unter dem Erlebnis des Krieges und unter dem starken Eindruck von Einsteins Theorie geboren worden – beide Ereignisse kündigten große Veränderungen an.“ Erich Mendelsohn 1953 "Durch diese Anordnung ist zum ersten Mal ein Teleskop mit einem physikalischen Laboratorium so vereinigt, daß astronomische und physikalische Vergleichsmessungen an verschiedensten Lichtquellen kosmischer und irdischer Natur vorgenommen werden können"

32. Stanford University Press on the Einstein Tower, an architecturally historic observatory built in Potsdamin 1920 to allow the German astronomer Erwin finlay freundlich to attempt to http://www.sup.org/cgi-bin/search/getmoreinfo.cgi?bookid=2824 &q=para1

33. Famous Colloid & Interface Scientists freundlich, Herbert Max finlay (18801941) A colloid and interface scientist knownfor contributions in flocculation, electrokinetics and rheology (he coined http://www.ucalgary.ca/~schramm/biogrs.htm

Alphabetical Listing A- B C -D- E F G H -I-J- K L M -N-O- P -Q- R S T -U- V -W-X- Y Z Suggestions for inclusion ? Blodgett ... Suggestions for inclusion ? Blodgett, Katharine (Burr) An industrial physicist and physical chemist who is known for her work in surface chemistry. She is especially known for her work in monomolecular and multilayer films (termed "Blodgett films") and her invention of non-reflecting ("invisible") glass, which is used in optical instruments. Brown, Robert Although primarily a botanist, Brown is known to colloid science for his 1827 discovery that dispersed particles in water move about randomly, even when the water itself appears motionless. The phenomenon, explained later by others, is due to bombardments of the particles by water molecules and is known as Brownian motion. Coulter, Wallace An electrical engineer best known as the discoverer of the Coulter principle, a sensing-zone method for automatically counting and sizing microscopic particles suspended in a liquid. He developed this into the "Coulter Counter" which was first applied to the complete blood count diagnostic test, and later applied to other colloids in a variety of other industries. Einstein, Albert

34. Zdenek Kopal - Conference Of Stars And Men Záviška (18791945) and Vojtech Dolejšek (1895-1945) and the astronomers WácslavVladimír Heinrich (1884 -1965), Erwin finlay-freundlich (1885-1964) and http://www.litomysl.cz/zdenekkopal/?lang=en&menu=b

35. Zdenek Kopal - Konference O Hvezdách A Lidech František Záviška (18791945) a Vojtech Dolejšek (1895-1945) a astronomovéWácslav Vladimír Heinrich (1884-1965), Erwin finlay-freundlich (1885-1964) a http://www.litomysl.cz/zdenekkopal/?lang=cz&menu=b

36. Natural Philosophy 1953 Gamow, using the Big Bang model, predicted that the temperature of the Universeshould be 7 K. 1953-1954 - finlay-freundlich proposed a tired light http://www.naturalphi.blogspot.com/

natural philosophy These are the thoughts, theories ... whatever, of a physicist. Monday, February 09, 2004 Stellamedusa ventana Researchers have discovered a new species of jellyfish so different from its fellow creatures that it merits a new subfamily. " Read all about it in Nature posted by Nuno : 21:05 getCount('107636070878911746') Friday, December 12, 2003 Cold molecules Using a method usually more suitable to billiards than atomic physics, researchers from Sandia National Laboratories and Columbia University have created extremely cold molecules that could be used as the first step in creating Bose-Einstein molecular condensates. in Physlink.com posted by Nuno : 20:27 getCount('107126082108853879') Tuesday, December 02, 2003 History of the 2.7 K temperature prior to Penzias and Wilson I've found an article ( Apeiron , 79 (1995)) by A. K. T. Assis and M. C. D. Neves that reveals the history of the prediction of the temperature of the Universe. I'll try to give some main points: 1879 - Stefan found experimentaly that the total bolometric flux of radiation emitted by a black body is proportional to the 4th power of its temperature. 1884 - Boltzmann derived theoretically Stefan's law.

37. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page 1018*) Frege, Gottlob (317*) Freitag, Herta (382*) Frenet, Jean (119) Freniclede Bessy, B (86) Fresnel, Augustin (106*) freundlich, finlay (132*) Friedmann http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/alphalist.htm

Full Alphabetical Index The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (12)

38. PSIgate - Browse Results Erwin finlay freundlich This site provides a biography of finlay freundlich(18851964). freundlich worked with Einstein, and his http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psibrowse.pl?limit=0&toplevel=policy&subj

39. PSIgate - Full Record For 2004210-1612 Home Search Options Full record. Erwin finlay freundlich This siteprovides a biography of finlay freundlich (18851964). freundlich http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psifullrecord.pl?handle=2004210-1612

40. Frank Freud, Sigmund. freundlich, Erwin finlay. Frey. Freycinet, Charles de. Fretum Herculeum.Freud, Anna. Freud, Lucian. Freud, Sigmund. freundlich, Erwin finlay. Frey. http://www.slider.com/Enc/F/Frank.htm

The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Ah‑ha ... Index The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Ah-ha Kanoodle Findwhat Summary Top Encyclopaedia F Frank ... NeedMoreBeer.com Frank Still searching the hard way? Try the Free Slider Search Toolbar and spend less time searching!! www.trellian.com Sponsored Link Frank, Anne Frank, Bruno Frank, Glenn Frank, Jacob ... fresco Slider in: Espa±ol Deutsch Dansk Nederlands ... Download the FREE Slider.com Search Toolbar!

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