21. ThinkQuest : Library : Nanyang Junior College Mathematics Society Pierre de Fermat (1601?1665 AD) While Descartes was formulating thebasis of modern analytic geometry, the subject was also occupying http://library.thinkquest.org/27694/Pierre de Fermat.htm

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22. Mathematicians - Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat. Pierre de Fermat lived in the early 17th century. Like Descarteswho lived at the same time and was also French, Fermat studied law. http://mathematica.ludibunda.ch/mathematicians3.html

Intro Leonhard Euler Pierre de Fermat Carl Friedrich Gauss Sophia Kowalewskaja Leonardo da Vinci Isaac Newton ... Mathematicians Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat lived in the early 17th century. Like Descartes who lived at the same time and was also French, Fermat studied law. Mathematically they even made some of the same discoveries. For example, Fermat started using the coordinate system a few years earlier than Descartes. But Descartes was the one who spread its use, so it got his name. Fermat was very talented in linguistics and mathematics. He was especially interested in number theory; how different numbers are built up and how we can take them apart. He made a number of discoveries on this subject. Below are a couple of examples: n p-1 =1 mod p if p is a prime number With modular arithmetic we can easily see that his statement is correct: let's take p=5 if n=1, then 1 =1 mod 5 if n=2, then 2 = 16 = 1 mod 5 if n=3, then 3 = 81 = 1 mod 5 etc. Any prime number that can be expressed as p=4n+1 (that's the same as 1 mod 4), can also be expressed as the sum of two squares. Let's see if that really works.

23. Pierre De Fermat - Metaweb Pierre de Fermat. From the Quicksilver Metaweb. This is an intermediate page forPierre de Fermat. Authored entries. There are no authored entries yet. http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Pierre_de_Fermat

24. Pierre De Fermat Pierre de Fermat. (1601 1665). From `A Short Account of the Historyof Mathematics (4th edition, 1908) by WW Rouse Ball. While http://www.engr.iupui.edu/~orr/webpages/cpt120/mathbios/pdefer.htm

Pierre de Fermat From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. While Descartes was laying the foundations of analytical geometry, the same subject was occupying the attention of another and not less distinguished Frenchman. This was Fermat. Pierre de Fermat , who was born near Montauban in 1601, and died at Castres on January 12, 1665, was the son of a leather-merchant; he was educated at home; in 1631 he obtained the post of councillor for the local parliament at Toulouse, and he discharged the duties of the office with scrupulous accuracy and fidelity. There, devoting most of his leisure to mathematics, he spent the remainder of his life - a life which, but for a somewhat acrimonious dispute with Descartes on the validity of certain analysis used by the latter, was unruffled by any event which calls for special notice. The dispute was chiefly due to the obscurity of Descartes, but the tact and courtesy of Fermat brought it to a friendly conclusion. Fermat was a good scholar, and amused himself by conjecturally restoring the work of Apollonius on plane loci. Except a few isolated papers, Fermat published nothing in his lifetime, and gave no systematic exposition of his methods. Some of the most striking of his results were found after his death on loose sheets of paper or written in the margins of works which he had read and annotated, and are unaccompanied by any proof. It is thus somewhat difficult to estimate the dates and originality of his work. He was constitutionally modest and retiring, and does not seem to have intended his papers to be published. It is probable that he revised his notes as occasion required, and that his published works represent the final form of his researches, and therefore cannot be dated much earlier than 1660. I shall consider separately (i) his investigations in the theory of numbers; (ii) his use in geometry of analysis and of infinitesimals; and (iii) his method for treating questions of probability.

25. Pierre De Fermat - Encyclopedia Article About Pierre De Fermat. Free Access, No encyclopedia article about Pierre de Fermat. Pierre de Fermat in Free onlineEnglish dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Pierre de Fermat. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Pierre de Fermat

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Pierre de Fermat Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Pierre de Fermat August 17 August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 136 days remaining. Events 1807 - The Clermont , Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, leaves New York City for Albany, New York on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world. 1862 - Indian Wars: Lakota (Sioux) uprising begins in Minnesota as desperate Lakota attack white settlements along the Minnesota River. They will be overwhelmed by the US military six weeks later. Click the link for more information. Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century Decades: 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s 1590s - Years: 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 - See also: 1601 in literature 1601 in music 1601 in science Events Year in topic 1601 in literature: Mark Twain's , subtitled "Conversation, as it was by the Social Fireside, in the Time of the Tudors", is a vulgar satire supposedly taken from Pepys' diaries. Click the link for more information.

26. Pierre De Fermat - My Favourite Books - Tom Wellige Enigma by Simon http://www.wellige.com/tom/books_detail.asp?pers=43&name=Pierre de Fermat

27. Biografi: Pierre De Fermat PIERRE DE FERMAT 1601 1665. Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) levde helesitt liv i og rundt byen Toulouse i Sør-Frankrike. Han var http://www.matematikk.org/artikkel/vis.php?id=856

28. Pierre De Fermat (1601 - 1665) From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Fermat/RouseBall/RB_Fermat.html

Pierre de Fermat (1601 - 1665) From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. While Descartes was laying the foundations of analytical geometry, the same subject was occupying the attention of another and not less distinguished Frenchman. This was Fermat. Pierre de Fermat , who was born near Montauban in 1601, and died at Castres on January 12, 1665, was the son of a leather-merchant; he was educated at home; in 1631 he obtained the post of councillor for the local parliament at Toulouse, and he discharged the duties of the office with scrupulous accuracy and fidelity. There, devoting most of his leisure to mathematics, he spent the remainder of his life - a life which, but for a somewhat acrimonious dispute with Descartes on the validity of certain analysis used by the latter, was unruffled by any event which calls for special notice. The dispute was chiefly due to the obscurity of Descartes, but the tact and courtesy of Fermat brought it to a friendly conclusion. Fermat was a good scholar, and amused himself by conjecturally restoring the work of Apollonius on plane loci. Except a few isolated papers, Fermat published nothing in his lifetime, and gave no systematic exposition of his methods. Some of the most striking of his results were found after his death on loose sheets of paper or written in the margins of works which he had read and annotated, and are unaccompanied by any proof. It is thus somewhat difficult to estimate the dates and originality of his work. He was constitutionally modest and retiring, and does not seem to have intended his papers to be published. It is probable that he revised his notes as occasion required, and that his published works represent the final form of his researches, and therefore cannot be dated much earlier than 1660. I shall consider separately (i) his investigations in the theory of numbers; (ii) his use in geometry of analysis and of infinitesimals; and (iii) his method for treating questions of probability.

29. Matematicos Matem¡tico franc©s (1601 1665). http://www.mat.usach.cl/histmat/html/ferm.html

Descartes Apolonio Fermat dijo que había descubierto una prueba ("prueba maravillosa"), pero que no había en la página suficiente margen para darla. Númerosos matemáticos han intentado, sin éxito probar este teorema, el cuál enuncia que dada la ecuación: X n + Y n = Z n A comienzos del siglo XVII el panorama de la matemática justificaba el plural de su denominación : "Las matemáticas", que aún subsiste ahora. "El orden de los sumandos no altera la suma", "El orden de los factores no altera el producto". Euler y Lagrange Gauss Pascal inventó el cálculo de probabilidades. Su obra se halla en el libro "Varia opera mathematica", publicada por su hijo en 1679. Principio de Fermat : formulada en óptica geométrica: "Para ir de un punto a otro, la luz sigue la trayectoria de mínima duración". Referencias:

30. Fermat, Pierre De. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 2001. fermat, pierre de. ( pyr d frmä´) (KEY) , 160165, French mathematician Mahoney, The Mathematical Career of pierre de fermat 16011665 http://www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Fermat-P.html

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31. Fermat lawyer and government official in Toulouse and because of the office he now heldhe became entitled to change his name from pierre fermat to pierre de fermat. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fermat.html

Pierre de Fermat Born: 17 Aug 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France Died: 12 Jan 1665 in Castres, France Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Pierre Fermat 's father was a wealthy leather merchant and second consul of Beaumont- de- Lomagne. Pierre had a brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth. Although there is little evidence concerning his school education it must have been at the local Franciscan monastery. He attended the University of Toulouse before moving to Bordeaux in the second half of the 1620s. In Bordeaux he began his first serious mathematical researches and in 1629 he gave a copy of his restoration of Apollonius 's Plane loci to one of the mathematicians there. Certainly in Bordeaux he was in contact with Beaugrand Pierre de Fermat. For the remainder of his life he lived in Toulouse but as well as working there he also worked in his home town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne and a nearby town of Castres. From his appointment on 14 May 1631 Fermat worked in the lower chamber of the parliament but on 16 January 1638 he was appointed to a higher chamber, then in 1652 he was promoted to the highest level at the criminal court. Still further promotions seem to indicate a fairly meteoric rise through the profession but promotion was done mostly on seniority and the plague struck the region in the early 1650s meaning that many of the older men died. Fermat himself was struck down by the plague and in 1653 his death was wrongly reported, then corrected:-

32. Fermat, Pierre De Catalog of the Scientific Community. fermat, pierre de. Note the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on genealogical questions. 1. Dates. Born Beaumont; baptised http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/fermat.html

Catalog of the Scientific Community Fermat, Pierre de Note: the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on genealogical questions. 1. Dates Born: Beaumont; baptised 20 Aug. 1601 Died: Castres (somewhere near Toulouse), 12 Jan. 1665 Dateinfo: Dates Certain Lifespan: 2. Father Occupation: Merchant His father had a prosperous leather business. He was also second consul (whatever that might have been) of Beaumont. Fermat's uncle and godfather was also a merchant. His mother brought the social status of the parliamentary noblesse de la robe to the family. This certainly says at least affluence. 3. Nationality Birth: French Career: French Death: French 4. Education Schooling: Orleans, LD He received a solid classical secondary education, beginning at the convent of the Cordeliers in Beaumont (run by the Franciscans). After studying with the Franciscans, he then studied with the Jesuits. He may have attended the University of Toulouse. He obtained the degree of Bachelor of Civil Laws from the University of Orleans in 1631. I accept this as the equivalent of a B.A., and in accordance with my practice I list also the degree in law. 5. Religion

33. Carcavi pierre de Carcavi received no university education. He was a counsellor to the parliamentof Toulouse from 1632 until 1636. In fact he first met fermat in 1632 http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Carcavi.html

Pierre de Carcavi Born: 1600 in Lyon, France Died: April 1684 in Paris, France Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Pierre de Carcavi received no university education. He was a counsellor to the parliament of Toulouse from 1632 until 1636. In fact he first met Fermat in 1632 when they were both members of the Parliament in Toulouse and they remained friends. In 1636 Carcavi bought an office of counsellor in the Grand Conseil in Paris. In 1648, however, hard times struck and he was forced to sell the office to pay for the debts of his father (who had been a banker). After this he worked for the Duke of Liancourt until 1663. In that year he was appointed Custodian of the Royal Library, a post he held for 20 years until shortly before his death. Carcavi is best known for his correspondence with other mathematicians rather than for his own mathematics. He was friends with Huygens Fermat (as mentioned above) and Pascal and corresponded with them. Fermat sent many of his works to Carcavi after he moved to Paris in 1636. In 1650

34. Fermat Biography of pierre fermat (16011665) pierre de fermat. Born 17 Aug 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France now held he became entitled to change his name from pierre fermat to pierre de fermat. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fermat.html

Pierre de Fermat Born: 17 Aug 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France Died: 12 Jan 1665 in Castres, France Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Pierre Fermat 's father was a wealthy leather merchant and second consul of Beaumont- de- Lomagne. Pierre had a brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth. Although there is little evidence concerning his school education it must have been at the local Franciscan monastery. He attended the University of Toulouse before moving to Bordeaux in the second half of the 1620s. In Bordeaux he began his first serious mathematical researches and in 1629 he gave a copy of his restoration of Apollonius 's Plane loci to one of the mathematicians there. Certainly in Bordeaux he was in contact with Beaugrand Pierre de Fermat. For the remainder of his life he lived in Toulouse but as well as working there he also worked in his home town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne and a nearby town of Castres. From his appointment on 14 May 1631 Fermat worked in the lower chamber of the parliament but on 16 January 1638 he was appointed to a higher chamber, then in 1652 he was promoted to the highest level at the criminal court. Still further promotions seem to indicate a fairly meteoric rise through the profession but promotion was done mostly on seniority and the plague struck the region in the early 1650s meaning that many of the older men died. Fermat himself was struck down by the plague and in 1653 his death was wrongly reported, then corrected:-

35. The Prime Glossary: Fermat, Pierre De This pages contains the entry titled fermat, pierre de. Come explore a new primeterm today! fermat, pierre de (another Prime Pages Glossary entries). http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=Fermat

36. PIERRE DE FERMAT fermat, pierre de (16011665), French mathematician p was born on the I 7th of August 1601, atBeaumont-de-Lomagne near Montauban. While still young, explicitness in the statement of fermat (see http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/F/FE/FERMAT_PIERRE_DE.htm

PIERRE DE FERMAT FERMAT, PIERRE DE Fermat was for some time councillor for the parliament of Toulouse, and in the discharge of the duties of that office he was distinguished both for legal knowledge and for strict integrity of conduct. Though the sciences were the principal objects of his private studies, he was also an accomplished general scholar and an excellent linguist. He died at Toulouse on the 12th of January f 665. He left a son, Samuel de Fermat (163o169o) who published translations of several Greek authOrs and wrote certain books on law in addition to editing his fathers works. The Opera mathematica of Fermat were published at Toulouse, in 2 vois. folio, I670 and 1679. The first contains the Arithmetic of Diophantus, with notes and additions. The second includes a Method for the Quadrature of Parabolas, and a treatise on Maxima and Minima, on Tangents, and on Centres of Gravity, containing the same solutions of a variety of problems as were afterwards incorporated into the more extensive method of fluxions by Newton and Leibnitz. In the same volume are treatises on Geometric Loci, or Spherical Tangencies, and on the Rectification of Curves, besides a restoration of Apolloniuss Plane Loci, together with the authors correspondence addressed to Descartes, Pascal, Roberval, Huygens and others. The fEuvres of Fermat have been re-edited by P. Tannery and C. Henry (Paris, 1891-1894). See Paul Tannery, Sur Ia date des principales dbcouvertes de Fermat, in the Bulletin Darboux (1883); and Les Manuscrits de Fermat, in the Annales de Ia facult des lettres de Bordeaux.

37. Fermat, Pierre De fermat, pierre de (16011665). fermat was born to a prosperous family in France.He studied the classics and mastered Latin, Greek, Italian, and Spanish. http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/thomas_awl/chapter1/medialib

Fermat, Pierre de (16011665) Fermat was born to a prosperous family in France. He studied the classics and mastered Latin, Greek, Italian, and Spanish. O ne of the seventeenth century’s greatest mathematicians, Fermat hesitated to publish his work and rarely wrote complete descriptions even for his own use. Most of his work was reported in correspondence with fellow mathematicians, Gassendi, Huygens , and Mersenne. Fermat was one of the co-founders, along with Descartes, of analytic geometry. He benefited from reading Viète's works. Fermat's book Ad locos planos et solidos isagoge Introduction to Plane and Solid Loci ) contained a more direct and clearer system than Descartes La g om trie Fermat is probably most famous for his work in number theory. His famous unproved “last theorem” (that a n = b n + c n After many talented mathematicians over the period of hundreds of years failed to prove it, t his famous theorem was recently proved by Andrew Wiles of Princeton. Fermat's name slipped into relative obscurity until the late 1800s, and it was from an edition of his works published at the turn of the century that the true importance of his many achievements became clear. Besides his work in physics and number theory, Fermat realized the concept that the area under a curve could be viewed as the limit of sums of rectangle areas (as we do today) and also developed a method for finding the centroids of shapes bounded by curves in the plane.

38. Fermat, Pierre De (1601-1665) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogr fermat, pierre de (16011665), New York Simon and Schuster, pp. 56-72, 1986. Mahoney,M. S. The Mathematical Career of pierre de fermat, 1601-1665, 2nd rev. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fermat.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality French Fermat, Pierre de (1601-1665) French lawyer who pursued mathematics in his spare time. Although he pursued mathematics as an amateur, his work in number theory was of such exceptional quality and erudition that he is generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all times. He had the habit of scribbling notes in the margins of books or in letters to friends rather than publishing them. He discovered analytic geometry independently of Descartes , but did not publish his work. He founded the theory of probability with Pascal and discovered the least time principle which states that light will travel through an optical system in such a way as to pass from starting to ending point in the least amount of time (a concept from calculus of variations ). Fermat solved many fundamental calculus problems, and made important contributions to number theory and optics. He was also fluent in French, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek. He is most famous for scribbling a note in the margin of a book by Diophantus that he had discovered a proof that the equation x n y n z n has no integer solutions for n >2. He stated "I have discovered a truly marvelous proof of this, which however the margin is not large enough to contain." The proposition, which came to be known as

39. Pierre De Fermat --  Encyclopædia Britannica pierre de fermat. born August 17, 1601, Beaumontde-Lomagne, France MLA style " pierre de fermat." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2004 http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=34654

40. LookSmart - Directory - Pierre De Fermat YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Mathematics Mathematicians fermat,pierre de. pierre de fermat Access bios and directories http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317914/us328800/us518756/us539557/

@import url(/css/us/style.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); Home IN the directory this category YOU ARE HERE Home Sciences Mathematics Mathematicians Pierre de Fermat - Access bios and directories related to number theorist Pierre de Fermat, or learn about his Last Theorem. Directory Categories Biographies Last Theorem Math Directory Listings About Fermat, Pierre de - MacTutor History of Mathematics Biography of the French mathematician includes descriptions of his research, quotes, drawings from his work and a list of references. Fermat, Pierre de - MacTutor, Fermat's Last Theorem History of the theorem charts its life from Fermat's marginal scribblings through the hands of various math greats to the 1995 Wiles proof. Fermat, Pierre de - Prometheus Lengthy and detailed history explains why Fermat's theorem has been so hard to prove and charts many of the attempts, including Andrew Wiles'. We're always looking for ways to improve your search experience. Tell us how we're doing. Join the Zeal community and help build the "Pierre de Fermat" Directory Category IN the directory this category About Us Advertise with Us Advertiser Log-in Terms of Service

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