61. College Research On Euclid Of Alexandria euclid of alexandria euclid of alexandria is the mainly outstanding mathematicianof ancient times top identified on behalf of his exposition on mathematics http://www.collegeresearch.us/show_essay/8881.html

College Research College Research HOME F.A.Q. REGISTER SEARCH ... LOGIN Essay Topics Acceptance Art Business Custom Written ... Technology Links Free For Essays Doing My Homework ... Free College Essays Featured Papers 1. The Elements of Euclid 2. interview of euclid 3. Euclid Biography 4. Euclid ... 6. Euclid This is only a preview of the paper Euclid of Alexandria Approximate Word count = 394 Approximate Pages = 1.6 (250 words per page double spaced) This is more of the essay, but the text is scrambled. Click here to register and get the full text. Existing members click here to login Euclid of Alexandria Custom Essays Professional Papers Just submit your assignment to our professional writers and have them write it for you! Pre-written Papers Browse through thousands of professionally written papers! Support F.A.Q. Custom Essay Payment College Research Information Forgot Username? Forgot Password? Links Activation Email All Papers Are For Research And Reference Purposes Only! You may not turn these papers in as your own! You must cite our web site as your source!

62. Kidsseek.cn - Site Profile For Euclid Of Alexandria Provides a detailed biography and related links....... euclid of alexandria Site Profile. ?, Title euclid of alexandria. http://www.kidsseek.cn/profiles/11740.php

Web Dictionary Thesaurus Search: all the world pages from China Thesaurus Dictionary Categories Euclid of Alexandria Site Profile Title: Euclid of Alexandria Description: Provides a detailed biography and related links. Url: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Euclid.html Category: Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Math/Mathematicians/Euclid Ads by Fastclick Go Local Australia Belgium Canada China ... Link to Us

63. Nolan Sandygren euclid of alexandria Greek mathematician lived c. 300 BC. Believedby many to be the leading mathematics teacher of all time. http://community.middlebury.edu/~schar/Courses/fs023.F02/presentations/euclid.ht

Nolan Sandygren Euclid’s Elements and the Axiomatic Method “There is no royal road to geometry.” - Euclid Euclid of Alexandria: Greek mathematician - lived c . 300 B.C. Believed by many to be the leading mathematics teacher of all time. Set the guidelines for geometry for next 2000 years with Euclid’s Elements , a series of thirteen books in which Euclid states definitions, theories, and proofs for mathematical concepts. Elements has an incredibly concise and innovative logical structure. Contents of the Elements: Book I: Foundations of Plane Geometry Book II: The Geometry of Rectangles Book III: The Geometry of the Circle Book IV: Regular Polygons in Circles Book V: The General Theory of Magnitudes in Proportion Book VI: The Plane Geometry of Similar Figures Book VII: Basic Arithmetic Book VIII: Numbers in Continued Proportion Book IX: The Theory of Even and Odd Numbers, Perfect Numbers Book X: Incommensurable Line Segments Book XI: Foundations of Solid Geometry Book XII: Areas and Volumes; Eudoxus’s Method of Exhaustion Book XIII: The Platonic Solids Euclid’s Axiomatic Method Axiomatic method: “Starting from a small number of definitions and assumptions at the beginning, all the succeeding results are proved by logical deduction from what has gone before.”

64. Kidsseek.jp - Site Profile For Euclid Of Alexandria Provides a detailed biography and related links....... euclid of alexandria Site Profile. , Title euclid of alexandria. http://www.kidsseek.jp/profiles/11740.php

Web Dictionary Thesaurus Seek: all the world's kids sites only web sites from Japan Thesaurus Dictionary Categories Euclid of Alexandria Site Profile Title: Euclid of Alexandria Description: Provides a detailed biography and related links. Url: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Euclid.html Category: Kids_and_Teens/School_Time/Math/Mathematicians/Euclid Ads by Fastclick Go Local Australia Belgium Canada China ... Link to Us

65. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek -Jazzing Up Euclid's Algorithm can be regarded as a jazzedup version of an integer-relation algorithm dating backmore than 2,000 years to the Greek geometer euclid of alexandria (365-300 BC http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_2_14_00.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Ivars Peterson's MathTrek February 14, 2000 Jazzing Up Euclid's Algorithm Earlier this year, the journal published a list of the top 10 algorithms of the century (see http://computer.org/cise/articles/Top_Algorithms.htm "Computational algorithms are probably as old as civilization," Francis Sullivan of the Institute for Defense Analyses' Center for Computing Sciences in Bowie, Md., noted in an editorial in the January/February issue of CISE . Ancient tablets bearing Sumerian cuneiform, for example, feature descriptions of procedures for reckoning in base 60. "Algorithms have advanced in startling and unexpected ways in the 20th century," Sullivan continued. "The algorithms we chose. . .have been essential for progress in communications, health care, manufacturing, economics, weather prediction, defense, and fundamental science. Conversely, progress in these areas has stimulated the search for ever-better algorithms." Many of the selections are now familiar, finely tuned, heavily used tools. The Metropolis algorithm for Monte Carlo methods, the simplex method in linear programming, the Fast Fourier Transform for analyzing and manipulating digital data, and the Quicksort algorithm fit into this category. Some, however, are somewhat less familiar. In particular, the so-called PSLQ algorithm has only recently become a computational staple. It gives researchers an efficient method for detecting what are called integer relations. Given a string of

66. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek - A Perfect Collaboration prolific mathematician in history, the man whom his eighteenthcentury contemporariescalled analysis incarnate. Together, euclid of alexandria (c325–c265 http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_01_20_03.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Ivars Peterson's MathTrek January 20, 2003 A Perfect Collaboration It seems an unlikely pairing. One was the most prominent mathematician of antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements . The other was the most prolific mathematician in history, the man whom his eighteenth-century contemporaries called "analysis incarnate." Together, Euclid of Alexandria ( c c Mathematician William Dunham describes this remarkable effort, which spanned nearly 20 centuries, in his book Euler: The Master of Us All The story begins with the fascination that numbers held for the followers of Pythagoras in ancient Greece. Among those of special interest were the perfect numbers, which have the property that their proper divisors add up to the number itself. For example, the proper divisors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. Six is the smallest perfect number. The next highest is 28. Its divisors are 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14, so 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28. Euclid also knew the next two perfect numbers: 496 and 8,128. Notice that each of the four numbers can be written as the following products: 2 x 3, 4 x 7, 16 x 31, and 64 x 127. On the basis of this limited evidence and some careful reasoning, Euclid proved in the final proposition on number theory in the

67. Encyclopedia: Euclid Encyclopedia Euclid. euclid of alexandria (Greek Eukleides) (circa 365275 BC)was a Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd century BC in Alexandria. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Euclid

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #42 Southern European women hugely outnumber their menfolk amongst the unemployed. Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Internet Labor Language Manufacturing Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation Welfare with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Added May 21 Mortality stats Multi-users ½ price Catholic stats Related Articles People who viewed "Euclid" also viewed: Hippocrates Euclidean geometry Pentagon Eratosthenes Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Populous Most Militaristic ... More Stats Categories Agriculture Background Crime Currency ... Welfare Updated: May 21, 2004 Encyclopedia : Euclid Euclid of Alexandria Greek Eukleides ) (circa BC) was a Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd century BC in Alexandria His most famous work is the Elements , a book in which he deduces the properties of geometrical objects and integers from a set of axioms, thereby anticipating the axiomatic method of modern mathematics. Although many of the results in the

68. Lots Of Essays On Mathematics - 136-010 The Life and Works of euclid of alexandria send me this essay This 10page paper gives a brief overview of the Greek mathematician, Euclid. http://www.1to1essays.com/categories/136-010.html

Essays! ALL of the following essays are available for same day delivery via your choice of e-mail or fax! Only $ /pg + FREE bibliography! Make your selection below!... Papers On Mathematics Page 11 of 12 [Previous] [Next] The History of the Pythagorean Theorem send me this essay 5 pages. An interesting research paper on the background of the Pythagorean Theorem that is used in algebra and geometry. Details the history of the theorem. This is actually a fascinating history and one that is not often discussed in the classroom. The Pythagorean Theorem was founded by a cult that actually worshipped numbers and felt that everything in the Universe was number-related. A very interesting history for a well-known math theory to say the least! Bibliography lists 2 sources. Filename: JApythag.rtf The History of the “Zero”: The Influence of Geography and Culture on the Invention of the Number Zero. send me this essay A 5 page review of the history of the manner in which the number zero came into common mathematical usage. Traces its development to Mesopotamia and through the various other regions of the world. Distinguishes between the mathematical concept and the philosophy of nothingness. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Filename: PPzero.rtf

69. The Ten Greatest Mathematicians 5. Henri Poincaré. 6. Pierre de Fermat. 7. euclid of alexandria. 8. Augustin Cauchy.9. Bernhard Riemann. euclid of alexandria (ca. 330 ca. 275 BC) Greece/Egypt http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~jamesdow/Tech/mathmen.htm

OAS_AD('Top'); The Ten Greatest Mathematicians of All Time ranked in approximate order of ``greatness.'' To qualify, the mathematician's work must have breadth depth , and historical importance. Carl F. Gauss Archimedes of Syracuse Sir Isaac Newton Leonhard Euler Pierre de Fermat Euclid of Alexandria Augustin Cauchy Bernhard Riemann Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz These are my personal rankings, but most of the selections should have wide acceptance among mathematical historians. If the criteria were just depth and historical importance then the greats Georg Cantor (1845-1918), and (1811-1832) would be urging their names on to this list, but these are lacking somewhat in breadth , compared with the Top Ten, who each were outstanding in multiple fields. Most of the selections were easy, but choosing Riemann, Euclid and Leibniz to round out the list was difficult. Riemann was undoubtedly an outstanding genius, but several great mathematicians might be better choices based on their work's historical importance, for example (1596-1650) or Joseph-Louis Lagrange (1736-1813). Conversely Euclid's work has great historical significance, but much of it was probably borrowed from the more brilliant

70. Biography Of Euclid education, probably at Plato s Academy in Athens, or from some of Plato s students,euclid became a teacher and scholar at the school in alexandria known as http://www.lib.virginia.edu/science/parshall/euclid.html

Biography of Euclid Euclid ( PORTRAIT - 58K ) lived in Alexandria, Egypt, around 300 B.C. After receiving his education, probably at Plato's Academy in Athens, or from some of Plato's students, Euclid became a teacher and scholar at the school in Alexandria known as the Museum. While there, he wrote his most influential work, the Elements Sample page - 322K ) In this treatise, consisting of thirteen books, Euclid compiled and systematically arranged many of the major mathematical results known in his day. Beginning with a list of definitions, postulates and axioms, he proved one proposition after another, basing each proof only on those results that had preceded it. This axiomatic method, as it is known today, served as the standard for scientific argumentation for later generations. Likewise, the content of the Elements , consisting of geometry and number theory, makes up part of the core of basic mathematics even today. TOP MAIN DOCUMENT CONTENTS FIRST MENTION To return to place in document from which you came, click on your browser's BACK BUTTON. Selected Biographical References Gillispie, Charles C. ed.

71. Euclid's Elements, Euclid Little is known about euclid's actual life. He was living in alexandria about 300 B.C.E studied "with the students of euclid at alexandria." Thus, we know almost nothing http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/Euclid.html

Euclid Little is known about Euclid's actual life. He was living in Alexandria about 300 B.C.E. based on a passage in Proclus' Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements. Indeed, much of what is known or conjectured is based on what Proclus says. After mentioning two students of Plato, Proclus writes All those who have written histories bring to this point their account of the development of this science. Not long after these men came Euclid, who brought together the Elements, systematizing many of the theorems of Eudoxus, perfecting many of those of Theatetus, and putting in irrefutable demonstrable form propositions that had been rather loosely established by his predecessors. He lived in the time of Ptolemy the First, for Archimedes, who lived after the time of the first Ptolemy, mentions Euclid. It is also reported that Ptolemy once asked Euclid if there was not a shorter road to geometry that through the Elements, and Euclid replied that there was no royal road to geometry. He was therefore later than Plato's group but earlier than Eratosthenes and Archimedes, for these two men were contemporaries, as Eratosthenes somewhere says. Euclid belonged to the persuasion of Plato and was at home in this philosophy; and this is why he thought the goal of the Elements as a whole to be the construction of the so-called Platonic figures. (Proclus, ed. Friedlein, p. 68, tr. Morrow)

72. References For Euclid CB Glavas, The place of euclid in ancient and modern mathematics (Athens,1994). PM Fraser, Ptolemaic alexandria (3 vols.) (Oxford, 1972). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Euclid.html

References for Euclid Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: J L Berggren and R S D Thomas, Euclid's 'Phaenomena' : A translation and study of a Hellenistic treatise in spherical astronomy (Princeton, NJ, 1996). H L L Busard, The Latin translation of the Arabic version of Euclid's 'Elements' commonly ascribed to Gerard of Cremona (Leiden, 1984). H L L Busard (ed.), The Mediaeval Latin translation of Euclid's 'Elements' : Made directly from the Greek (Wiesbaden, 1987). C B Glavas, The place of Euclid in ancient and modern mathematics (Athens, 1994). D H Fowler, The mathematics of Plato's academy : a new reconstruction (Oxford, 1987). P M Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria (3 vols.) (Oxford, 1972). T L Heath, A history of Greek mathematics (Oxford, 1931). T L Heath, The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements (3 Volumes) (New York, 1956). J Itard, (Paris, 1962). S Ito, The medieval Latin translation of the 'Data' of Euclid (Boston, Mass., 1980).

73. Introduction To The Works Of Euclid 2 Pappus of alexandria (fl. c. 320 A.D pupils of euclid. 3 Thus it is generally accepted that euclid flourished at alexandria in around 300 B.C http://www.obkb.com/dcljr/euclid.html

An Introduction to the Works of Euclid with an Emphasis on the Elements (first posted to the web in 1995) jump to: outline of paper text of paper suggestions for further study bibliography ... anchor here Outline of paper Introduction I. The Life of Euclid II. The Works of Euclid Other than the Elements ... Bibliography About this paper This is a paper I wrote in college for a History of Science course (although I've taken the liberty of modifying it slightly from time to time since I put it online). I know it's not publishable or anything, but it's still one of my favorite papers because it was so difficult to do. (I wrote it on a computer with about 12K of free RAM and only a cassette tape drive for storage!) In fact, the whole History of Science course was quite an experience. Students wishing to use this paper for their own reports on Euclid should know how to avoid plagiarism and how to cite online sources . In addition, I urge students to seek out the original printed sources yes, that means going to the library and not rely merely on what I say in this paper. (I'm always surprised by the number of junior high and high school students who e-mail me saying they can't find any information about Euclid!) Note that is used to denote square roots and all Greek letters used as symbols ( alpha beta , ...) are spelled out. Superscripts are implemented by using the appropriate HTML tags and may not display properly in some browsers. In this case, hopefully the meaning will be clear from the context.

74. Euclid Quiz euclid went to alexandria, Egypt to teach,. http://asijonline.net/math/euclid/euclid_quiz.htm

A Quiz on Euclid Click on a answer to see if you are correct! Good luck! 1. What was Euclid's most famous invention? The Elements of Music The Pillow, before him everybody had stiff necks. The Elements 2. About when was Euclid born, and when did he live until? 330 BC-220 BC 2500 AD-2600 AD, He isn't born yet. I can just read the future. 270 BC- 360 BC 3. A lot of people translated Euclid's work into other languages what were two of these people? Bill Clinton and an unknown peasant I just happen to know. Sir Andrew the 5th and Bernoulli. Alelard of Bath and Bartolomeo Zamberti. 4.Where was Euclid born? Alexandria, Egypt Nowhere, there is no such person as Euclid. Athens, Greece 5. What was Euclid nicknamed because of his inventions? "Father of Geometry" "Euclid of Alexandria" "Oh stupid one" Euclid went to Alexandria, Egypt to teach, True or False Euclid started a school in Greece. True or False Give yourself 5 points for every correct answer and 1 point for every wrong one. 25-35 points, you're an expert, you know almost as much as we do on Euclid, congratulations!

75. Euclid, His Works And His Influences Invited to open the mathematical school at the Museum and Library at alexandria,euclid accepted and compiled several works, some of which are still in http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/Euclid300BC/INDEX.HTML

His Works and His Influences Euclid , author of the most important textbook of all time, and arguably the most influential geometry text to date, the Elements (which has existed in more editions than any other work than the Bible ), flourished around 300 B.C.E. in Alexandria. Invited to open the mathematical school at the Museum and Library at Alexandria, Euclid accepted and compiled several works, some of which are still in circulation today, some of which have long vanished. Many people before Euclid were essential in his collaboration of works and ideas to create the Elements To tell the story of Euclid is in some ways to tell a story of Greek math, thus our exploration begins with Thales of Miletus (624 - 547 B.C.E.), who is the first mathematician mentioned in Eudemus of Rhodes' formal history, written around 320 B.C.E. Pythagoras (572 - 497 B.C.E.), famed for the theorem named after him, of which is probably the most interesting of all ancient mathematicians. His group of disciples, known as the Pythagoreans, believed all is number; number is the substance of all things. Hippocrates of Chios (c. 5th century B.C.E.) was one of the greatest geometers of antquity. He is credited with writing a text which is arguably contained in most of Book I of the

76. Euclid's Geometry: Alexandria In Egypt Only in a university setting such as alexandria would euclid havehad access to the works of so many mathematicians before him. http://mathforum.org/geometry/wwweuclid/alexandria.htm

2. Alexandria in Egypt Alexandria was founded in 332 B.C.E. by Alexander the Great on the site of a small fishing village. The story is that Alexander himself picked the site and even took part in the planning of the city. A "mole," a mass of earth and rocks, was built out to the island of Pharos, just offshore, forming a nice harbor. The Great Lighthouse was built on the island. Alexandria soon became a major international city. Bell (51) describes it as Egypt's "principal port and greatest commercial and manufacturing city." As an example of how international the city became at its peak, he notes that "Asoka, the Buddhist emperor of India sent to the King his missionaries with their tidings of deliverance." The complex of buildings that formed the Library and Museum are of the most interest to us, for it made Alexandria one of the most important centers in the mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds for science, philosophy and scholarship. Bell (53) describes it as a combination of something like a modern academy and a university. Here were established a number of scholars, scientists, and literary men who enjoyed free board and lodging and were exempt from taxation. For their use the Ptolemies collected a vast library of books, which eventually contained something like half a million rolls. In order to enrich the collection Ptolemy III issued an order that all travellers disembarking at Alexandria must deposit any books contained in their baggage, which, if required, were taken by the Library, the owner receiving in exchange an official certified copy. It is also recorded that he borrowed from Athens the state copies of the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides in order to have transcripts made from them, paying as a guarantee of return the large sum of fifteen talents, but that he preferred forfeiting this sum to the return of the originals, in place of which he sent to Athens only copies.

77. Mathserv.math.sfu.ca/History_of_Math/Europe/Euclid300BC/euclidmain.html mathserv.math.sfu.ca/history_of_math/europe/euclid300bc/euclidmain.html REFERATE matematica euclid euclid din alexandria 166 kb 0x08 graphic 0x08 graphic 0x08 graphic * eucliddin alexandria , Egipt este cel mai important matematician al antichitatii http://mathserv.math.sfu.ca/History_of_Math/Europe/Euclid300BC/euclidmain.html

78. Euclid Although he apparently studied at Plato s Academy in Athens, euclid s home was alexandria,Egypt, where he worked during the reign of King Ptolemy one of http://www.angelfire.com/ks/learning/euclid.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" **EUCLID** [334? - 280 B.C.] or [325 - 270 B.C.] By Arun Kumar Tripathi Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany WHO has not heard of Euclid during his first lessons in geometry in the School? He created the geometry of the universe on which Newton built his laws of gravitation and motion. It was only in the 19th century that the limitation of Euclid's geometry as applied to space was first discovered by Nicholas Lobatchevsky, and later by Einstein who completely repudiated the Euclidean geometry in his Relativity Theory. However, Euclidean geometry and the Newtonian laws are the one which are most valid on earth. The great Greek mathematician Euclid, whose book on geometry has struck fear into teenagers' hearts for two millennia. Although he apparently studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, Euclid's home was Alexandria, Egypt, where he worked during the reign of King Ptolemy one of many Egyptian kings of the same name. (By the way, Ptolemy was not the astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus known for the "Ptolemaic system" that identified the Earth as the center of the universe.) EARLY DAYS Euclid seemed to have studied in Plato's Academy, the then best known school of Mathematics a "Cambridge of Greece". He was believed to be a "Phoenician" with a "Greek outlook". It was the period when Alexander of Macedonia, after his world conquest, had established the township of Alexandria in Egypt. Ptolemy, the governor of Alexandria in Egypt, was a great learned man and he founded the great university of Alexandria which surpassed even Plato's Academy. There Euclid was invited to teach geometry.

79. Greek For Euclid: Contents Nothing is known of the life of euclid, except that he worked in alexandria, andis sometimes erroneously called euclid of Megara, who was another philosopher http://www.du.edu/~etuttle/classics/nugreek/contents.htm

Reading Euclid This course combines Greek and Geometry to show how to read Euclid's Elements in the original language "I would make them all learn English; and then I would let the clever ones learn Latin as an honour, and Greek as a treat" Sir Winston Churchill Go immediately to Contents Introduction Eu)klei/dou Stoixei~a , Euclid's Elements, the classical textbook in geometry, is easy to read in the original ancient Greek, but its grammar and vocabulary are not those familiar from the usual course in elementary Greek, with peculiarities that make it difficult for the beginner. The text of the Elements that we have is written in the literary koinh/ typical of the 1st century AD. This course concentrates on exactly what is necessary to read Euclid, both in vocabulary and grammar. Its sole aim is to teach how to read this work, and similar texts in Greek mathematics, and not to compose Greek sentences, nor to read the Iliad or Plato. All necessary information is included in the course. A great amount of scholarship has been devoted to Euclid, mainly in Latin or German, and this course may expose some of it to a larger audience, to whom it has been largely inaccessible. For authoritative details, reference must be made to these sources, since the present one claims no expertise. There are many websites with information on Euclid and geometry. For example, look at the link to Euclid in the Seven Wonders website that is referenced in the Classics Index page, under the heading Pharos of Alexandria. As is typical of education on the Internet, many sites are poor, repetitive or childish, however.

80. History Of Alexandria: The Ptolemaic Legacy Did you know that euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elementsat the alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Alexandria/History/legacy.html

The Ptolemaic Legacy The Mouseion / Library When Ptolemy Soter assumed power, he asked Demitrius Phalerus , a follower of Aristotle , to found a library system at Alexandria that would rival that of Athens. The Alexandrian Mouseion , however, far superseded its Greek prototype to become an intellectual and scientific institution; a university system rather than a bibliotheca. It was here, in the third century BC, that Archimedes invented the pump still in use today and known as Archimedes' screw , and, in the second century BC, that Hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. Ancient historians claim that the library's 500,000 book collection was so comprehensive that no manuscript was available in any library worldwide that was not available in Alexandria. Mathematics Have you ever heard of Euclidean Geometry? Did you know that Euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elements at the Alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? In his Elements , Euclid provided a comprehensive analysis of geometry, proportions, and theory of numbers. His other notable contribution

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