1. Empedocles Of Agrigentum At Peithô's Web Index, empedocles, fragments translated William Ellery Leonard, the Life of empedocles by Diogenes Laertius, and more. empedocles OF AGRIGENTUM. The Fragments. http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles/

Jump to fragment: Empedocles, tr. Leonard Leonard w/ unicode EMPEDOCLES OF AGRIGENTUM The Fragments The W.E. Leonard English verse translation of Empedocles The complete W.E. Leonard verse translation of Empedocles (1908). W.E. Leonard translation with Unicode Greek text You'll need a Unicode Greek font such as the free Athena Unicode to see the Greek text as it appeared in Leonard. Life of Empedocles Diogenes Laertius' Life of Empedocles Empedocles Links Perseus Project English search for 'Empedocles' Argos search for 'Empedocles' TOCS-IN search for 'Empedocles' NOESIS search for 'Empedocles' ... Empedocles according to Hippolytus

2. Empedocles empedocles Fragments and Commentary. Arthur Fairbanks, ed. and trans. xv.; H. Diels; Hermes xv. pp. 161179 ; Gorgias und empedocles, Acad. Berol. http://history.hanover.edu/texts/presoc/emp.htm

Empedocles Fragments and Commentary Arthur Fairbanks, ed. and trans. The First Philosophers of Greece (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1898), 157-234. Hanover Historical Texts Project Scanned and proofread by Aaron Gulyas, May 1998. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. Fairbanks's Introduction Translation of the Fragments: Book I Translation of the Fragments: Book II Translation of the Fragments: Book III ... Passages in Diels' 'Doxographi Graeci' relating to Empedokles Fairbanks's Introduction Empedokles, son of Meton, grandson of an Empedokles who was a victor at Olympia, made his home and Akragas in Sicily. he was born about 494 B.C., and lived to the age of sixty. The onle sure daye in his life is his visit to Thourioi soon after its foundation (444). Various stories are told of his political activity, which may be genuine traditions. At the same time he claimed almost the homage due to a god, and many miracles are attributed to him. His writings in some parts are said to imitate Orphic verses, and apparently his religious activity was in line with this sect. His death occured away from Sicilyprobably in the Pelopnnesos. Literature:-Sturz

3. Empedocles 11=A13). empedocles. Areas of agreement with Parmenides. Problems for empedocles. Motion how is motion possible if there is no empty space? http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/emped.htm

The Pluralists Monism: there is no plurality There is no motion There is no generation or destruction There is no qualitative change or differentiation There is no void All of the pluralistic responses to Parmenides (Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the Atomists) were influenced by him, but rejected his extreme monism. They sought to reconcile, as much as possible, Parmenideanism with common sense. They all disagreed with Parmenides about (1) and (2): all maintained plurality and motion. But they all accepted (3): there is no coming into existence or ceasing to exist. Where they differ among themselves is over (4) and (5): the reality of qualitative differences and the existence of the void. Empedocles and Anaxagoras broke ranks with Parmenides over (4), but toed the line on (5). The atomists agreed with Parmenides that there is no genuine qualitative change, but claimed that there was empty space - a void. These points are all summarized in the table below: Parmenides The Atomists Plurality Motion Destruction Qualitative Difference Void explicit assumption: a. Whatever has size has parts.

4. Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article. Summarizes this early Greek thinker's thought and presents what is known about his life. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/empedocl.htm

Empedocles (fl. 450 BCE.) Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life Philosophy Life Back to Table of Contents Philosophy His views in philosophy are variously given. By some he is called a Pythagorean, in consequence of a resemblance of doctrine in a few unessential points. But the principles of his theory evidently show that he belongs to the Eleatic School. He unreservedly accepts the doctrine of Parmenides that what is is uncreated and indestructible, and he only escapes from the further conclusions of the Eleatic by introducing the theory of elements or roots . Of these he assumed four fire, air, earth, and water, and in some respects this was a return to primitive views which the Milesians had already left behind them. It must be noticed, however, that Empedocles discovered that what we call atmospheric air was a body, and was quite distinct from empty space on the one hand or from vapor or mist on the other. This he did by means of an experiment with the water-clock. He showed that air could keep water out of a vessel, and that the water could only enter as the air escaped. Besides these four 'roots', Empedocles postulated something called

5. Empedocles Course notes, providing a concise introduction to this thinker and pointing out some questions raised by his thought. http://www.abu.nb.ca/Courses/GrPhil/Empedocles.htm

Empedocles 1. Introduction Parmenides and his school assert that Being is one (monism) and changeless, a position that contradicts the world of common sense. Empedocles responds to Eleatic philosophy in what seems to be an attempt to reconcile Parmenides's necessary or self-evident truths with the testimony of the senses that Being is many (pluralism) and changing. In other words, Empedocles is a hybrid between a rationalist and an empiricist, seeking to reconcile the demands of reason with the testimony of his senses. Given Parmenides's adoption of a "two-truth" theory, it is not surprising that some would seek to reconcile these "two truths," since it is contradictory both to affirm and deny something. Do you agree with Empedocles that there is genuine becoming and that you are not deceived by your senses into thinking that there is? 2. Biographical Information Empedocles was born in Akgragas, a Greek city in Sicily, sometime in the early fifth century BCE. He played an important role in the political affairs of his city, being known as a defender of democracy. He was also reputed to have been a religious teacher and leader, probably being involved in some form of Pythagoreanism. Empedocles wrote two philosophical poems entitled On Nature and Purifications , of which several fragments have survived. Some of the fragments are too brief to be of much use in reconstructing his philosophical views, but there are others that are longer and quite useful. In addition, later philosophers summarize Empedocles's view and, in some cases (e.g., Aristotle), are critical of them.

6. Empedocles Biographical article by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson. Includes glossary and links to biographies of related thinkers. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Empedocles.html

Empedocles of Acragas Born: about 492 BC in Acragas (now Agrigento, Sicily,Italy) Died: about 432 BC in Peloponnese, Greece Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Empedocles was born in Acragas on the south coast of Sicily. The name Acragas is Greek, while the Latin name for the town was Agrigentum. Later the town was called Girgenti and more recently it became known by its present name of Agrigento. It was one of the most beautiful cities of the ancient world up to the time it was destroyed by the Carthaginians in 406 BC. It was, in Empedocles time, a rich city containing the finest Greek culture. Some of the Pythagoreans had come there after being attacked in their centre at Croton. Empedocles was born into a rich aristocratic family. He travelled throughout the Greek world participating fully in the extraordinary desire for learning and understanding which gripped that part of the world. He is described as follows by Sarton [5]:- He was not only a philosopher but a poet, a seer, a physicist, a social reformer, a man of so much enthusiasm that he would easily be considered a charlatan by some people, or become a legendary hero in the eyes of others.

7. Essays In Philosophy A 2000 paper by Simon Trepanier. An intensive study of this, the longest and most illuminating of empedocles' fragments. http://www.humboldt.edu/~essays/paper1.html

Essays in Philosophy A Biannual Journal Volume 1, Number 1 The Structure of Empedocles' Fragment 17 I. The text Fragment 17 of Empedocles has long been recognized as the most important in the corpus. In 1998, the significance of this 35-line fragment was further increased by the publication of the Strasbourg papyrus, containing roughly 74 lines of Empedocles. By a tremendous piece of luck, the largest continuous passage, named "ensemble a" by its French editors, overlaps with the end of fr. 17 and adds to it a further 34 partial or complete verses. This makes it the longest continuous fragment in verse from a Presocratic philosopher, although as stated above not every line is fully preserved. Further adding to this good fortune, a stichometric mark on the last line of "ensemble a" indicates that the line was the 300th verse of that particular book. This allows us to estimate that fr. 17, which Simplicius quotes as from the first book of the Peri Phuseos , must have begun at about line 233 of that same book. Thus, not only is fr. 17 now the longest extant passage of Presocratic philosophical poetry, it is also one of the best attested. I trust there will be no objections to quoting most of the text, whose length, far from being objectionable, is an unparalleled luxury in the realm of Presocratic studies. Also, since my argument concerns the general structure of the passage, it does not require detailed consideration of every word in the original. I can thus afford to be more inclusive and let my own rudimentary translation stand for it. Its aim is merely to give Greekless readers a faithful line-by-line version of the text, without any claim to poetic merit. Those who can read the original will no doubt notice some of the choices in interpretation I have had to make, and are urged to enjoy this piece of good fortune rather than dwell on the shortcomings of its translation. The first 35 lines are from Diels-Kranz

8. Empedocles Of Acragas Please note These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. empedocles explains the nature of the universe through the interaction of two governing principles Unlike his predecessors, empedocles claims that there are four elements in the http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Jesse/Jesse.html

Please note: These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. We assume no responsibility over the content of these papers: we present them as is as a part of the course, not as documents in the Perseus Digital Library . We do not have contact information for the authors. Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. Jesse Weissman 4/14/95 Empedocles of Acragas 495-435 B.C. Look at the comments on this paper. Although Empedocles developed radically new ideas about the nature of the universe, most of his work is an extension of Parmenidean and Pythagorean philosophy. How does one account for the kaleidoscopic nature of the world if we maintain Parmenides' belief in a permanent, singular, and eternal universe? In the process of answering this question, Empedocles introduces new physical, chemical, and biological insights that influence later philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle.

9. STEFAN STENUDD - Empedocles. Cosmos Of The Ancients ----------- Short article by Stephen Stenudd reviewing the cosmological aspects of empedocles' writings, and Aristotle's reaction to them. http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/empedocles.htm

About the writer Stefan Stenudd Cosmos of the Ancients The Greek Philosophers on Myth and Cosmology Empedocles s for Empedocles (c. 490-430 BC), he saw the world as somewhat a battleground of two major forces – love (Philia) joining things together, and strife (Neikos) breaking them apart. To him the basic elements were four, each one bearing the name of a god – Zeus was fire, Hera was air, Aidoneus was earth and Nestis water: Hear first the four roots of all things: bright Zeus and life-bringing Hera and Aidoneus and Nestis, whose tears are the source of mortal streams. Love he also calls joy, linking it to the goddess Aphrodite. No god was, though, in any way of human countenance: For he is not equipped with a human head on a body, [two branches do not spring from his back], he has no feet, no swift knees, no shaggy genitals, but he is mind alone, holy and inexpressible, darting through the whole cosmos with swift thoughts. In his poetic vision with a flare for magnificence – that of nature as well as that of himself – Empedocles saw in this everlasting exchange between love and strife, between joining and separating, a beauty that is easy to appreciate: And these things never cease their continual exchange of position, at one time all coming together into one through love, at another again being borne away from each other by strife's repulsion.

10. Philosophical Dictionary: Empedocles-Equivocation Dictionary. Study Guide. Logic. Traffic. History. Timeline. Philosophers. Search the Site. empedocles ( d. 433 BCE) Human beings corrupted by eating animal flesh, empedocles, supposed, pursue philosophy in an effort to contribute Recommended Reading empedocles The Extant Fragments, ed. by M http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e5.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Empedocles d. 433 BCE Greek presocratic philosopher who supposed that the four elements are irreducible components of the world, joined to and separated from each other by competing principles filia [philia] neikoV ... [neikos] Recommended Reading: Empedocles: The Extant Fragments at Amazon.com Empedocles at Amazon.com Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition at Amazon.com Also see John Burnet IEP S. Marc Cohen Charles Ess ... WSB , and BIO empirical Erfahrung Based on use of the senses , observation, or experience generally. Hence, the empirical coincides with what is a posteriori empiricism Reliance on experience as the source of ideas and knowledge. More specifically, empiricism is the epistemological theory that genuine information about the world must be acquired by a posteriori means, so that nothing can be thought without first being sensed . Prominent modern empiricists include Bacon Locke Berkeley Hume , and Mill . In the twentieth century, empiricism principles were extended and applied by the pragmatists and the logical positivists Recommended Reading: The Empiricists at Amazon.com

11. The Love And Strife Philosophy Of Empedocles About empedocles love and strife cosmology. Pythagoras' ideas can be found in the work of empedocles. He was the first philosopher who stated combination of these views was empedocles' major http://www.thebigview.com/greeks/empedocles.html

Empedocles [Acragas, 490 - 430 BC] The Pythagorean influence dominated Greek thought for a long time. Many of Pythagoras' ideas can be found in the work of Empedocles. He was the first philosopher who stated that there are four primordial elements: earth, air, fire and water. This is a somewhat statesman-like compromise between the view of Pythagoras who maintained that water is the primordial substance, Anaximenses who said it is air, and finally Heraclitus who said that fire is the origin of everything. The ingenious combination of these views was Empedocles' major contribution to the dispute about the primordial element, which lasted almost as long as Greek philosophy itself. Empedocles came from a rich and illustrious family in Acragas at the south coast of Sicily. It is said that his grandfather won a victory in the horse-racing at the Olympic games of 496 BC. He was a politician of Acragus who represented the democratic group and he also worked as a scientist and physician. Legend tells us that Empedocles worked miracles by magic and by his scientific knowledge thus he was often approached by the citizens of Acragus for oracles. People believed he could control the winds and he had allegedly restored to life a woman who had seemed dead for thirty days. He spoke of himself as a god sometimes and his desire to be godlike made him ending his life by leaping into the crater of the Etna volcano, hoping thereby not to leave any remains of his (mortal) body so that people would think he has returned to the gods.

12. Presocratics: Empedocles A list of writings about this thinker in various European languages. http://www.presocratics.org/empedocles.htm

An Empedocles Bibliography Andriopoulos, D.Z. "Empedocles’ Theory of Perception’ Platon 24 (1972), pp. 290-98. Arundel, M. R. (=Wright) "Empedocles fr. 35, 12-15" Classical Review 12 (1962) pp. 109-111. Babut, D. "Sur l’unité de la pensée d’Empédocle" Philologus 120 (1976), pp. 139-164. Barnes, H. E. "Unity in the Thought of Empedocles" Classical Journal 63 (1967), pp. 18-23. Barnes, J. The Presocratic Philosophers 2 vols. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. Barnes, J. Review of Wright Empedocles: The Extant Fragments in Classical Review 32 (1982), pp. 191-196. Bauer, J. B. "Monie. Empedokles B24.4 und 28.3" Hermes 89 (1961), pp. 367-369. Bergk, T. Commentario de Prooemio Empedoclis. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1839. Bergk, T. Kleine Schriften, II . Halle, 1886. Bicknell, P. J. "The Shape of the Cosmos in Empedocles" Parola del Passato 23 (1968), pp. 118-119. Bidez, J. . Ghent: Clemm,1894. Bies, J. Paris: Villain and Belhomme, 1969. Bignone, E.

13. Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. empedocles (fl. 450 BCE.). Table Life. empedocles was a citizen of Agrigentum in Sicily. His http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/empedocl.htm

Empedocles (fl. 450 BCE.) Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life Philosophy Life Back to Table of Contents Philosophy His views in philosophy are variously given. By some he is called a Pythagorean, in consequence of a resemblance of doctrine in a few unessential points. But the principles of his theory evidently show that he belongs to the Eleatic School. He unreservedly accepts the doctrine of Parmenides that what is is uncreated and indestructible, and he only escapes from the further conclusions of the Eleatic by introducing the theory of elements or roots . Of these he assumed four fire, air, earth, and water, and in some respects this was a return to primitive views which the Milesians had already left behind them. It must be noticed, however, that Empedocles discovered that what we call atmospheric air was a body, and was quite distinct from empty space on the one hand or from vapor or mist on the other. This he did by means of an experiment with the water-clock. He showed that air could keep water out of a vessel, and that the water could only enter as the air escaped. Besides these four 'roots', Empedocles postulated something called

14. Empedocles empedocles of Acragas. empedocles was born in Acragas on the south coast of Sicily. The name Acragas is Greek, while the Latin name for the town was Agrigentum. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Empedocles.html

Empedocles of Acragas Born: about 492 BC in Acragas (now Agrigento, Sicily,Italy) Died: about 432 BC in Peloponnese, Greece Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Empedocles was born in Acragas on the south coast of Sicily. The name Acragas is Greek, while the Latin name for the town was Agrigentum. Later the town was called Girgenti and more recently it became known by its present name of Agrigento. It was one of the most beautiful cities of the ancient world up to the time it was destroyed by the Carthaginians in 406 BC. It was, in Empedocles time, a rich city containing the finest Greek culture. Some of the Pythagoreans had come there after being attacked in their centre at Croton. Empedocles was born into a rich aristocratic family. He travelled throughout the Greek world participating fully in the extraordinary desire for learning and understanding which gripped that part of the world. He is described as follows by Sarton [5]:- He was not only a philosopher but a poet, a seer, a physicist, a social reformer, a man of so much enthusiasm that he would easily be considered a charlatan by some people, or become a legendary hero in the eyes of others.

15. Empedocles Of Agrigentum At Peithô's Web Index, empedocles, fragments translated William Ellery Leonard, the Life of empedocles by Diogenes Laertius, and more Jump to fragment empedocles, tr. Leonard. Leonard w/ unicode The complete Life of empedocles, once attributed to Diogenes Laertius, translated by C.D http://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles

Jump to fragment: Empedocles, tr. Leonard Leonard w/ unicode EMPEDOCLES OF AGRIGENTUM The Fragments The W.E. Leonard English verse translation of Empedocles The complete W.E. Leonard verse translation of Empedocles (1908). W.E. Leonard translation with Unicode Greek text You'll need a Unicode Greek font such as the free Athena Unicode to see the Greek text as it appeared in Leonard. Life of Empedocles Diogenes Laertius' Life of Empedocles Empedocles Links Perseus Project English search for 'Empedocles' Argos search for 'Empedocles' TOCS-IN search for 'Empedocles' NOESIS search for 'Empedocles' ... Empedocles according to Hippolytus

16. § 23 From Zeller's 1889 work, Outlines of the History of Greek Philosoophy. Considers the scientific and mystic aspects of empedocles' teachings. http://hypatia.wright.edu/Dept/PHL/Class/PS/ZelEmped.html

Dr. Edward Zeller On Empedocles Empedocles of Agrigentum was born about 495-0 B.C., and died at the age of sixty, about 435-0 B.C. By his impassioned eloquence and practical energy, he, like his father Meton, long maintained himself at the head of the Agrigentine democracy; but he attached still more importance to the functions of religious teacher, prophet, physician, and worker of miracles, which his remarkable personality, resembling that of Pythagoras, enabled him to exercise. Concerning his death many romantic stories, some deifying him, others depreciatory, early came into circulation; the most probable account is that having finally lost the popular favour, he died an exile in the Peloponnesus. Of the writings which bear his name, only the two didactic poems, the fusika and the kaqrmoi , can with certainty be ascribed to him; numerous fragments of both have been preserved. aporroai ) one becoming detached and entering into the pores of the other; where the pores and effluences of two bodies correspond to one another, they attract each other, as in the case of the magnet and iron. In order, however, that the substances may come together or separate, moving forces must also be present, and of these there mast be twoa combining and a separating force. Empedocles calls the former Love ( filothj, storgh

17. Papyrus Of Empedocles Found of Brussels University has claimed that a piece of papyrus, held at the University of Strasbourg since 1904, contains 70 lines of text by empedocles (c.495435 http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/PapyrusFound.html

Rare Find of Pre-Socratic Writings Alain Martin of Brussels University has claimed that a piece of papyrus, held at the University of Strasbourg since 1904, contains 70 lines of text by Empedocles (c.495-435 BC), the Sicilian philosopher who developed the idea that everything is made up of four elements earth, air, fire and water. If true, it will be a major find, as very few manuscripts by pre-Socratic philosophers survive. The papyrus is of Egyptian origin and has been dated to the 1st century BC. Although Empedocles is cited and quoted by other writers, including Aristotle, only two poems survive from his original writings, making the discovery especially important. Empedocles is credited with having founded modern medicine as well as prefiguring Darwin, in a poem which talks of survival of the fittest among competing amalgams of limbs and body parts. His greatest fame, however, is in the legend that he leapt into the volcanic crater of Mount Etna to prove his divinity. He did not survive to tell the tale. News release of 9/27/97. From

18. Diogenes Laertius, Life Of Empedocles, Translated By C.D. Yonge Life of empedocles. I. empedocles, as Hippobotus relates, was the son of Meton, the son of empedocles, and a citizen of Agrigentum. http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles/dlemp.htm

Life of Empedocles Empedocles main Jump to fragment: Empedocles, tr. Leonard Leonard w/ unicode Life of Empedocles From Diogenes Laertius' Lives of the Philosophers Translated by C. D. Yonge (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853). I. Empedocles , as Hippobotus relates, was the son of Meton, the son of Empedocles, and a citizen of Agrigentum. And Timaeus, in the fifteenth book of his Histories, gives the same account, adding that Empedocles, the grandfather of the poet, was also a most eminent man. And Hermippus tells the same story as Timaeus; and in the same spirit Heraclides, in his treatise on Diseases, relates that he was of an illustrious family, since his father bred a fine stud of horses. Erastothenes, in his List of the Conquerors at the Olympic Games, says, that the father of Meton gained the victory in the seventy-first olympiad, quoting Aristotle as his authority for the assertion. But Apollodorus, the grammarian, in his Chronicles, says that he was the son of Meton; and Glaucus says that he came to Thurii when the city was only just completed. And then proceeding a little further, he adds: And some relate that he did flee from thence

19. Biography - Empedocles empedocles (ca. 492432 B.C.) Latest Modification July 19, 1996. empedocles lived in Acragas, which is now known as Agrigento, Sicily. of Xenophanes, who had settled in Sicily, that empedocles http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr228/CourseNotes/ECText/Bios/empedocl.ht

Empedocles (ca. 492-432 B.C.) Latest Modification: July 19, 1996 Empedocles lived in Acragas, which is now known as Agrigento, Sicily. He was not only a natural philosopher, but also poet, seer, physician, social reformer, a person of great enthusiasm, known as a charltan by some, and as a hero by others. He was the author of a physical-cosmological poem titled On Nature , now known only through fragments of quotations from later writers. It is perhaps through the influence of Xenophanes, who had settled in Sicily, that Empedocles can be placed in the Miletian tradition of natural philosophy that taught that principles in the form of matter were the only principles of all things. Xenophanes had postulated that everything was composed of two elements water and earth. Empedocles extend this postulate to four basic elements: earth, water, air, and fire. Different mixtures of these four elements produced the materials of our common experience. Maintained by J. C. Evans; jevans@hubble.gmu.edu

20. MOVED T he empedocles Fanli sting. Last Updated May 17, 2004. Welcome to the empedocles fanlisting, part of the The Fanlisting Network! http://empedocles.folie-a-deux.org/

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