41. Democritus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia External links. democritus of abdera biography page by the School of Mathematicsand Statistics at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus

Democritus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Bust of Democritus Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC ; lived to be very old, but died at an unknown date). Democritus was a student of Leucippus , and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called atoms. It is virtually impossible to tell which of these ideas were unique to Democritus, and which are attributable to Leucippus. Democritus is also the first philosopher we know who realized that what we perceive as the Milky Way is the light of distant stars. Other philosophers, including later Aristotle , argued against this. Democritus was among the first to propose that the universe contains many worlds, some of them inhabited: "In some worlds there is no Sun and Moon, in others they are larger than in our world, and in others more numerous. In some parts there are more worlds, in others fewer (...); in some parts they are arising, in others failing. There are some worlds devoid of living creatures or plants or any moisture." Hendrick ter Brugghen , "Democritus Laughing" (1629) He was also a pioneer of mathematics and geometry in particular. We only know this through citations of his works (titled

42. One Universe: At Home In The Cosmos and his student Democritus External Link A biography of democritus of abdera. andDemocritus External Link A biography of democritus of abdera. http://www.nap.edu/html/oneuniverse/linked_matter_68-69.html

back to unlinked version electrical grid of the United States, but only for a trillionth of a second or so. These beams eradicate small targets placed in their paths. The temperatures and pressures within the tiny blasts approach those inside our Sun or planets like Jupiter . One of the goals of this research is to harness the energy of thermonuclear fusion that powers the Sun. That would be a much cleaner source of energy than nuclear power from the fission of uranium . However, it may take decades to learn how to sustain the fierce fusion reactions in a controlled and profitable way. In the meantime, the experiments have shown us that hydrogenthe main component of Jupiter Saturn Uranus , and Neptune takes on distinctly ungaslike properties as pressures and temperatures rise within those planets. For example, lasers have compressed and heated hydrogen into a form that appears to conduct electricity as efficiently as a metal. This odd transformation may in fact occur near Jupiter 's core, helping to produce a powerful magnetic field around the planet.

43. Physics Central Writers Gallery -- L. M. Lederman democritus of abdera. About two hundred years later, democritus of abderaproposed atoms as the key to a simple universe, and the search was on. http://www.physicscentral.com/writers/writers-01-3.html

Our Writers' Gallery features short pieces about physics by authors who are both renowned physicists and prize-winning writers. Some of these are original contributions and others are excerpts from longer works. Many are linked to more information about the authors and their works. h.c. von baeyer c.m. will l.m. krauss a. zee ... l.m. krauss Leon M. Lederman The following is an excerpt from The God Particle . Reprinted by permission of the author. Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; everything else is opinion. -Democritus of Abdera Wait a minute. Before the boulder falls, I should explain that I really don't know what I'm talking about. A story logically begins at the beginning. But this story is about the universe, and unfortunately there are no data for the Very Beginning. None, zero. We don't know anything about the universe until it reaches the mature age of a billionth of a trillionth of a second—that is, some very short time after creation in the Big Bang. When you read or hear anything about the birth of the universe, someone is making it up. We are in the realm of philosophy. Only God knows what happened at the Very Beginning (and so far She hasn't let on). Now, where were we? Oh yes

44. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search Results democritus of abdera This site provides a biography of democritus of abdera,best known for his atomic theory but also for his studies in geometry. http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/psisearch.pl?term1=Democritus&subject=All

45. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway - Web Catalogue Democritus democritus of abdera Born about 460 BC in Abdera, Thrace, Greece Diedabout 370 BC Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue.pl?term1=Democritus&l

46. Stereoscopy.com - The Library: Oliver Wendell Holmes - The Stereoscope And Stere democritus of abdera, commonly known as the Laughing Philosopher, probably becausehe did not consider the study of truth inconsistent with a cheerful http://www.stereoscopy.com/library/holmes-stereoscope-stereograph.html

The Stereoscope and The Stereograph By Oliver Wendell Holmes From "The Atlantic Monthly", June 1859, #3 Democritus of Abdera, commonly known as the Laughing Philosopher, probably because he did not consider the study of truth inconsistent with a cheerful countenance, believed and taught that all bodies were continually throwing off certain images like themselves, which subtle emanations, striking on our bodily organs, gave rise to our sensations. Epicurus borrowed the idea from him, and incorporated it into the famous system, of which Lucretius has given us the most popular version. Those who are curious on the matter will find the poet's description at the beginning of his fourth book. Forms, effigies, membranes, or films are the nearest representatives of the terms applied to these effluences. They are perpetually shed from the surfaces of solids, as bark is shed by trees. Cortex is indeed, one of the names applied to them by Lucretius. These evanescent films may be seen in one of their aspects in any clear, calm sheet of water, in a mirror, in the eye of an animal by one who looks at it in front, but better still by the consciousness behind the eye in the ordinary act of vision. They must be packed like the leaves of a closed book; for suppose a mirror to give an image of an object a mile off, it will give one at every point less than a mile, though this were subdivided into a million parts. Yet the images will not be the same; for the one taken a mile off will be very small, at half a mile as large again, at a hundred feet fifty times as large, and so on, as long as the mirror can contain the image.

47. The Stereoscope 73848. democritus of abdera, commonly known as the Laughing Philosopher, probablybecause he did not consider the study of truth inconsistent with a cheerful http://www.looking-glass.co.uk/stereograph/holmes.htm

3d pictureville galleries people and activities places moments in history oops... naughty! 3d pictureville menu 3d pictureville front page how to view the pictures a brief history of the stereograph holmes: in his own words ... stereograph bookshop 3d pictureville at looking-glass The Stereoscope and the Stereograph by Oliver Wendell Holmes Reprinted from The Atlantic Monthly (June 1859), pp. 738-48. Democritus of Abdera, commonly known as the Laughing Philosopher, probably because he did not consider the study of truth inconsistent with a cheerful countenance, believed and taught that all bodies were continually throwing off certain images like themselves, which subtle emanations, striking on our bodily organs, gave rise to our sensations. Epicurus borrowed the idea from him, and incorporated it into the famous system, of which Lucretius has given us the most popular version. Those who are curious on the matter will find the poet's description at the beginning of his fourth book. Forms, effigies, membranes, or films are the nearest representatives of the terms applied to these effluences. They are perpetually shed from the surfaces of solids, as bark is shed by trees.

48. WSU | Ask Dr. Universe | The BIG Questions Way back around 430 BC, democritus of abdera named the building blocks of matter atomos. In Greek, which is what Democritus was, this means indivisible http://www.wsu.edu/DrUniverse/atoms.html

Washington State University Home Dear Dr. Universe, OK, I know about atoms, and how they make up everything, but if this were to be true, shouldn't atoms be made up of atoms ... and without atoms, what would there be? Lauren Ellicott City, Maryland Way back around 430 BC, Democritus of Abdera named the building blocks of matter "atomos." In Greek, which is what Democritus was, this means "indivisible," which means something that can't be divided. Democritus thought atoms were solid and hard and indestructible and that they could not be compressed or squeezed. He was pretty close. Even though he was wrong in the details, Democritus's ideas made a lot of senseespecially considering the only instruments Democritus and his friends had to work with were their brains. But there IS a big difference between how Democritus pictured an atom and how scientists today picture an atom. I learned a lot about the modern idea of the atom from Gary Collins. Professor Collins is a physicist here at Washington State University. He studies MISSING atoms.

49. Glossary Of People: De Further Reading Daniel De Leon Archive. democritus of abdera (c. 460370).Most famous ancient European philosopher of materialism. http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/d/e.htm

MIA Encyclopedia of Marxism : Glossary of People De De Beauvoir, Simone (1908 - 1986) French writer and feminist, and Existentialist. She is known primarily for her treatise The Second Sex (1949), a scholarly and passionate plea for the abolition of what she called the myth of the "eternal feminine." It became a classic of feminist literature during the 1960s. Jean-Paul Sartre , beginning a free, lifelong association with him. She taught at a number of schools (1931-43) before turning to writing for her livelihood. In 1945 she began editing Le Temps Modernes with Sartre. Her novels expounded the major Existential themes, demonstrating her conception of the writer's commitment to the times. She Came To Stay (1943) treats the difficult problem of the relationship of a conscience to "the other". Of her other works of fiction, perhaps the best known is The Mandarins (1954), a chronicle of the attempts of post-World War II intellectuals to leave their "mandarin" (educated elite) status and engage in political activism. She also wrote four books of philosophy, including The Ethics of Ambiguity Several volumes of her work are devoted to autobiography which constitute a telling portrait of French intellectual life from the 1930s to the 1970s. In addition to treating feminist issues, de Beauvoir was concerned with the issue of aging, which she addressed in

50. The History Of The Atom of Miletus. His pupil, democritus of abdera developed five major pointsthat their theory was based upon. Historians have discovered http://northspringer.tripod.com/HistoryofAtom/

document.isTrellix = 1; var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" John Dalton's Model Joseph John Thomson Model Rutherford Bohr Model ... Quantum Model The History of the Atom "We might as well attempt to introduce a new planet into the solar system, or to annihilate one already in existence, as to create or destroy a particle of hydrogen." -John Dalton (A New System of Chemical Philosophy, 1808) Welcome to the web site dedicated to education regarding the history of the discovery of the atom and the evolution of atomic theory. From ancient Greek times of philosophy to today's technological era of quantum physics, scientists have been mesmerized by what is thought to be the smallest particle - the atom. In Greek, the prefix "a" means "not" and the word "tomos" means cut. Thus, atomos or atom means uncuttable or undividable. Browse the site and learn about what theories have shaped how we view molecules and matter on Earth. Greek Beginnings The concept of the smallest particle was concieved in the 5th centruy BC by Leucippus of Miletus. His pupil, Democritus of Abdera developed five major points that their theory was based upon. Historians have discovered this from the quotations of other Greeks (most of the original documents by Leucippus and Democritus have been lost). In the 4th centruy BC, the well known philosopher Aristotle vehemetly argued that the atomic theory was completely incorrect and was therefore dismissed by scientists for many decades. In fact, the Catholic Church agreed with Aristotle's position and annouced that atomistic ideas were equivalent to those of Godlessness. "Democritus of Abdera said that there is no end to the universe, since it was not created by any outside power."

51. SmartPedia.com - Free Online Encyclopedia - Encyclopedia Books. democritus of abdera (http//wwwgap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Democritus.html)biography page by the School of Mathematics and Statistics at http://www.smartpedia.com/smart/browse/Democritus

Search: Math and Natural Sciences Applied Arts Social Sciences Culture ... Interdisciplinary Categories Democritus Bust of Democritus Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (born at Abdera in Thrace around 460 BC ; lived to be very old, but died at an unknown date). Democritus was a student of Leucippus , and co-originator of the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called atoms. It is virtually impossible to tell which of these ideas were unique to Democritus, and which are attributable to Leucippus. Democritus is also the first philosopher we know who realized that what we perceive as the Milky Way is the light of distant stars. Other philosophers, including later Aristotle , argued against this. Democritus was among the first to propose that the universe contains many worlds, some of them inhabited: "In some worlds there is no Sun and Moon, in others they are larger than in our world, and in others more numerous. In some parts there are more worlds, in others fewer (...); in some parts they are arising, in others failing. There are some worlds devoid of living creatures or plants or any moisture." Hendrick ter Brugghen , "Democritus Laughing" (1629) He was also a pioneer of mathematics and geometry in particular. We only know this through citations of his works (titled

52. Atomic Theory The Greek Concept Of Atom... atom concept. He and his pupil, democritus of abdera refined it forfuture use. Their atomic idea has five major points. All original http://www.instant-essays.com/physics/atomic-theory.shtml

Home Donate Search Links document.write("Contact"); Atomic Theory The Greek concept of atom... Atomic Theory The Greek concept of atomos: the atom Around 440 BC leucippus of Miletus originated the atom concept. He and his pupil, Democritus of abdera refined it for future use. Their atomic idea has five major points. All original writings of leucippus and Democritus are lost. The only sources we have for there atomistic ideas are inquotations from other writers. Democritus was known as the "laughing philosopher" because he enjoyed life so much. At this time Greek philosophy was about 150 years old, emerging in the sixth century bc, centered in the city of miletus on the ionian coast in Asia minor, which is now turkey. The work of leucippus and Democritus was further developed by epicures (341-270 BC) of Samos. He made ideas more generally known. Aristotle also quotes both of them in arguing against their ideas. Most of what we know about leucippus and Democritus was found in a poem entitled "de rerum natura" (on the nature of things) written by Lucretius (95-55 BC). This poem was lost for over a thousand years and was discovered in 1417. These are the basic points of their theory. #1 - all matter is composed of atoms, which are bits of matter to small to be seen. These cannot be split any smaller. " The atomists hold that splitting stops when it reaches indivisible particles and goes on no more" Which means there is a limit to division of matter that we cannot go.

53. Democritus : Essential Information, Explanation, Recent Texts, Monographs, And R links democritus of abdera biography page by the School of Mathematicsand Statistics at the University of St Andrews, Scotland. http://essential-facts.com/primary/Philosophy/Democritus.html

Democritus A History of Greek Philosophy: Volume 2, The Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus by W. K. C. Guthrie The Atomists: Leucippus and Democritus (Phoenix Presocractic Series) by C. C. W. Taylor Democritus: The Great Philosophers (The Great Philosophers Series) by Paul Cartledge The Legacy of Democritus Junior, Robert Burton: An Exhibition to Commemorate the 350th Anniversary of the Death of Robert Burton (1577-1640) by Nicolas K. Kiessling Atomism and Its Critics: From Democritus to Newton by Andrew Pyle Essay on Atomism: From Democritus to 1960 by Lancelot Whyte Epicurus and Democritean Ethics : An Archaeology of Ataraxia by James Warren A History of Greek Philosophy Volume Two: The Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus by W. K. C. Guthrie The Concept of an Atom from Democritus to John Dalton by John J. McDonnell Plurality of Worlds: The Extraterrestrial Life Debate from Democritus to Kant by Steven J. Dick Theories of Weight in the Ancient World: Four Essays on Democritus, Plato and Aristotle a Study in the Development of Ideas (Philosophia Antiqua , No 1) by D. O'Brien Death by Philosophy : The Biographical Tradition in the Life and Death of the Archaic Philosophers Empedocles, Heraclitus, and Democritus

54. A Planetary Delight islands surronding Greece) in the sixth century BC. His name wasdemocritus of abdera. At the time, Abdera was considered to be http://www.tmclark.com/Starwatch/2_28_99.html

Star date: 02:28:99 A Planetary Delight Throughout the history of mankind, the human race has always been fascinated by the planets. These objects seem to move in relation to the so called "fixed" background stars. The ancients, seeing the planets as just bright lights looking much like the stars themselves, did not realize the essential differences between stars and the planets. The only difference they saw was that the planets moved, and at least over the course of a human lifetime, the background stars did not. Thus, many ancient people believed that these planets were Gods, or at least magical. The word planet itself means wanderer. There were a few exceptions to this rule. One of the most brilliant minds in the ancient world was a fellow who lived in Ionia (the islands surronding Greece) in the sixth century BC. His name was Democritus of Abdera. At the time, Abdera was considered to be much of a joke, and the people of Abdera were considered by many to be slow and dimwitted. Democritus was to prove them wrong. In an age when the motions of planets were considered the magical movement of stars, Democritus stated that the planets were other worlds much like the Earth. He also believed that stars were suns much like our own, only very far away. If this were not enough, he further made the bold statement that some of these other suns were also surronded by planets, some of them habitable, and some not. Perhaps this was the first mention of aliens. He believed in life amongst the stars, and not as angels or Gods, but as biological beings. He became known as the "laughing philosopher" because he tried to laugh at the foblies of the human race, believing that he would cry about them otherwise.

55. Famous Scientists 460370 BC, democritus of abdera - Greek philosopher; pupil of Leucippus; developedatomic theory; elaborated idea that matter consisted of atoms having http://www.3rd1000.com/history.htm

Famous Scientists 638-548 B.C. Thales of Miletus - Greek philosopher; developed theory of matter based upon water; recorded the attractive properties of rubbed amber and lodestone. c.540-475 B.C. Heraclitus - Greek philosopher; first of the Greeks to develop a theory of the human soul; he praised its creative resources and spoke of the importance of self-exploration; he spoke of the logos that is common to all and said that the universe is ruled by logos; he always urged that close attention be given to the polarites and concealed structures emodied in language. His famous claim that an idividual can and cannot step into the same river twice reveals an interest in criteria of unity and identity; even though all material constituents have undergone change, it is still, in a sence, the same river. Preoccupied with change, he declared that fire is the central element of the universe, and he postulated a world with no beginning and no end 581-497 B.C. Pythagoras - Greek philosopher and mathematician; held that numbers were basic to matter; the Pythagorean Theorem is named for his geometric formulation; developed atomic theory; students of his philosophy emphasized geometrical form as a basic property of atoms; developed mathematical relationships which led to musical harmony.

56. A Chronology Of The Atomic View Of Nature c. 400 BC, democritus of abdera (Greece, c. 460357 BC), pupil ofLeucippus, was the most famous of the atomists in ancient times. http://www.3rd1000.com/chronoatoms.htm

A CHRONOLOGY OF THE ATOMIC VIEW OF NATURE c. 550 B.C. THALES of Miletus (Greece, c. 640-546 B.C.) recorded the attractive properties of rubbed amber and of lodestone. c. 450 B.C. LEUCIPPUS (Greece) proposed an atomic concept of matter. c. 400 B.C. DEMOCRITUS of Abdera (Greece, c. 460-357 B.C.) pupil of Leucippus, was the most famous of the atomists in ancient times. He taught: "The only existing things are the atoms and empty space; all else is mere opinion. " c. 335 B.C. ARISTOTLE (Greece, 384-322 B.C.) held that all matter was basically composed of the same continuous primordial stuff. c. 300 B.C. EPICURUS of Samos (Greece, c. 342-270 B.C.) founded a philosophical system based on the atomism of Democritus. c. B.C. ZENO of Cition (Greece, c. 336-264 B.C.) founded the Stoic school of philosophy which held that matter, space, etc. were continuous. c. 60 B.C. TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS (Rome, c. 96-55 B.C.) attempted to formulate a rational explanation of natural phenomena by extending the beliefs of Democritus and Epicurus. His poem, De Rerum Natura, is the most complete record of Greek atomism extant. The atomism of antiquity was primarily a system of metaphysics. The atomic view of matter in the modern sense was barely introduced in its most elementary form by the beginning of the 19th century.

57. Chapter 7 fire, and water. In 430 BC the idea of Empedocles was rejected by,the Greek, democritus of abdera. Democritus believed that the http://www.angelfire.com/scifi2/zpt/chapter7.html

go to page number Chapter 7 INTRODUCTION The scientific revolution began in the seventeenth century. With this revolution came the tools to test the theories of matter. By the eighteenth century these tools included methods of producing gases through the use of chemical reactions, and the means to weigh the resultant gases. From his studies of the gaseous by-products of chemical reactions, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) discovered that the weight of the products of a chemical reaction equals the weight of the of the original compound. The principle of "the conservation of mass" was born. For his achievements Lavoisier is today known as the father of modern chemistry. UP Late in the eighteenth century, the first use of another new tool began to be applied to test the theories of matter. This tool is electrical technology. The first electrical technology to be applied to the study of matter, electrolysis , involves the passing of an electrical current through a conductive solution. If an electrical current is passed through a conductive solution, the solution tends to decompose into its elements. For example, if an electric current is passed through water, the water decomposes, producing the element hydrogen at the negative electrode and the element oxygen at the positive electrode. With the knowledge obtained from the use of these new technologies, English schoolteacher, John Dalton (1766-1844) was able to lay down the principles of modern chemistry. Dalton's theory was based on the concept that, matter is made of atoms, all atoms of the same element are identical, and atoms combine in whole number ratios to form compounds.

58. Adventures In Philosophy: Classical Essay The Symmetry of Life by democritus of abdera. In truth we know nothing aboutanything, but every man shares the generally prevailing opinion. http://radicalacademy.com/adiphiloessay31.htm

Adventures in Philosophy CLASSICAL ESSAY Select a Category... Ancient Philosophy Medieval Philosophy Modern Philosophy Recent Philosophy American Philosophy Islamic Philosophy Jewish Philosophy Political Philosophy Academy Resources Glossary of Philosophical Terms Philosophy Search Engine Timeline of Philosophy A Timeline of American Philosophy ... Books about Religion in The Radical Academy Bookstore Shop Amazon Stores in the Radical Academy Bookstore Magazine Outlet Music Store Video Store ... Baby Superstore The Symmetry of Life by Democritus of Abdera In truth we know nothing about anything, but every man shares the generally prevailing opinion. minimum sensible of hearing, smell, taste, and touch, and when the investigation must be carried farther into that which is still finer, then arises the genuine way of knowing, which has a finer organ of thought. By convention sweet is sweet, by convention bitter is bitter, by convention hot is hot, by convention cold is cold, by convention color is color. But in reality there are atoms and the void. That is, the objects of sense are supposed to be real and it is customary to regard them as such, but in truth they are not. Only the atoms and the void are real.

59. Creatia (December, 1996).Aristotle of Stagira/ democritus of abdera/ Plato/ Thales of Miletus. Aristotleof Stagira/ democritus of abdera/ Plato/ Thales of Miletus. http://www.creatia.org/page.asp?page=127

60. Untitled Document Empedocles of Akragas (490430) proved by experiment that air has substance.democritus of abdera (460-370) posited the existence of atoms. http://celator.com/cws/marotta.html

Ancient coins show they knew it was round by Michael Marotta The average person in Hellenic and Roman times knew that our world is round. The philosophic inquiries that began with Thales (624-547 BCE), reached a zenith in the works of Aristotle (384-321). Later, hellenistic astronomers made measurements of the size of the Earth and the sizes of and distances to the Sun and Moon. Several schemes for explaining the motions of the planets were invented. Generally, the average person of those times did not believe Earth to be flat any more than the average person of our day believes that we are alone in the galaxy. Philosophic Developments We should not be surprised to learn that various Greek philosophers and mathematicians had clever insights. Empedocles of Akragas (490-430) proved by experiment that air has substance. Democritus of Abdera (460-370) posited the existence of atoms. Pythagoras (569-500) was probably the first to assert that Earth is a sphere. The other candidate for originating this insight is Parmenides of Elea (fl. c. 500 BCE). However, later than them, Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500-428) said that our world is "cylindrical", i.e., shaped like a drum or a modern coin. Democritus agreed. Aristotle summarized and criticized just about every significant work up to his time. In his books, On The Heavens, he notes the reasons offered by Anaxagoras and Democritus for asserting that Earth is flat. Then he argues against them, and states: "These conditions will be provided, even though the Earth is spherical, if it is of the requisite size..."

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