1. Mary Lucy Cartwright Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright. December 17, 1900 April 3, 1998. Mary Cartwrightwas born on December 17, 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/cartwght.htm

Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright December 17, 1900 - April 3, 1998 During the 1940's Mary Cartwright worked with John Littlewood on the solutions of the Van der Pol equation and discovered many of the phenomena that later became known as "chaos". In his review of Ian Stewart's book, Nature's Numbers , Dyson writes about this work Cartwright had been working with Littlewod on the solutions of the [ Van der Pol] equation, which describe the output of a nonlinear radio amplifier when the input is a pure sine-wave. The whole development of radio in World War Two depended on highpower amplifiers, and it was a matter of life and death to have amplifiers that did what they were supposed to do. The soldiers were plagued with amplifliers that misbehaved, and blamed the manufacturers for their erratic behavior. Cartwright and Littlewood discovered that the manufacturers were not to blame. The equation itself was to blame. They discovered that as you raise the gain of the amplifier, the solutions of the equation become more and more irregular. At low power the solution has the same period as the input, but as the power increases you see solutions with double the period, and finally you have solutions that are not periodic at all. Cartwright had a distinguished career in analytic function theory and university administration, publishing numerous papers on classical analysis, differential equations and related topological problems. In 1947 Cartwright became the first woman mathematician to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of England. She was elected President of the London Mathematical Society in 1951, received the Sylvester Medal of the Royal Society in 1964, the De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society in 1968, and in 1969 became Dame Mary Cartwright (the female equivalent of a knighthood).

2. Cartwright Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright. In 1969 she received the distinction of being honouredby the Queen, becoming Dame Mary Cartwright, Commander of the British Empire. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cartwright.html

Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Born: 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England Died: 3 April 1998 in Cambridge, England Click the picture above to see five larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Mary Cartwright 's father was in the Church, and at the time of Mary's birth he was the Vicar at Aynho. When she was eleven years old, she was sent away to school, first attending Leamington High School, then later attending the Godolphin School in Salisbury. Her best subject at school was history but it had the disadvantage of requiring much effort in learning endless lists of facts. When she was encouraged in her studies of mathematics in her final year at school, Mary realised that it was a topic where one could succeed without the long hours of learning facts. It became the topic that she wanted to study at university. In October 1919 Cartwright entered St Hugh's College in Oxford to study mathematics. At that time she was one of only five women in the whole university who were studying mathematics. This was a difficult time to enter university since, World War I having just ended, there were large numbers of men returning from the army who were either restarting the university studies they had begun before the war or were taking up their studies for the first time. The lecture halls were crowded and often Cartwright had to copy up notes of lectures which she could not get into because of the crowds.

3. CWP At Physics.ucla.edu // A Protrait Of Dame Mary Cartwright Dame Mary Cartwright (190098) by Stanley Spencer, 1958. The mathematician Mary L. Cartwright was mistress of Girton College, Cambridge 1949-1968. Courtesy Freeman Dyson. . // http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/images/cartwright/Cartwright_Spencer.html

Dame Mary Cartwright (1900-98) by Stanley Spencer, 1958. The mathematician Mary L. Cartwright was mistress of Girton College, Cambridge 1949-1968. Courtesy Freeman Dyson

4. Cartwright Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright. Born 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire,England Died 3 April 1998. Show birthplace location. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Crtwrght.htm

Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Born: 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England Died: 3 April 1998 Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page Mary Cartwright graduated from Oxford in 1923, then taught in schools for 4 years before reading for her D.Phil. She was appointed a lecturer in mathematics at Cambridge in 1935, being a Reader in the Theory of Functions from 1959 to 1968. She wrote over 50 papers on the theory of functions. In 1947 she was elected to the Royal Society. She received many other honours including the Sylvester Medal of the Royal Society in 1964:- ... in recognition of her distinguished contributions to analysis and the theory of functions of a real and complex variable. She also received the De Morgan Medal of the London Mathematical Society in 1968. Reference (One book/article) References elsewhere in this archive: Mary L Cartwright was elected to the Royal Society of London in 1947. You can see a history of the Royal Society and a list of the members among the mathematicians in our archive.

5. Biography-center - Letter C www.riverwalk.org/profiles/carter.htm. cartwright, dame mary. wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Mathematicians/cartwright.html. cartwright, mary Lucy. www.agnesscott.edu http://www.biography-center.com/c.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish C 897 biographies Cabana, Robert D. www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/cabana.html Cabanel, Alexandre www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/cabanel/ Cabell, James Branch www.library.vcu.edu/jbc/speccoll/exhibit/cabell/jbcbio.html Cable, George Washington docsouth.unc.edu/cablecreole/about.html Cabot, Richard Clarke www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1906.html Cacho Ruiz, Fermin www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=67348 Cades, Giuseppe www.getty.edu/art/collections/bio/a3432-1.html Cadorna, Luigi www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWcadorna.htm Caesar, Julius library.thinkquest.org/17120/data/bios/users/caesar/page_1.html Caffa, Melchiore www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/c/caffa/biograph.html Caffey, John Patrick www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/97.html Caffieri, Jacques

6. Cartwright Biography of mary cartwright (19001998) dame mary Lucy cartwright. Born 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England of being honoured by the Queen, becoming dame mary cartwright, Commander of the British Empire http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cartwright.html

Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Born: 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England Died: 3 April 1998 in Cambridge, England Click the picture above to see five larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Mary Cartwright 's father was in the Church, and at the time of Mary's birth he was the Vicar at Aynho. When she was eleven years old, she was sent away to school, first attending Leamington High School, then later attending the Godolphin School in Salisbury. Her best subject at school was history but it had the disadvantage of requiring much effort in learning endless lists of facts. When she was encouraged in her studies of mathematics in her final year at school, Mary realised that it was a topic where one could succeed without the long hours of learning facts. It became the topic that she wanted to study at university. In October 1919 Cartwright entered St Hugh's College in Oxford to study mathematics. At that time she was one of only five women in the whole university who were studying mathematics. This was a difficult time to enter university since, World War I having just ended, there were large numbers of men returning from the army who were either restarting the university studies they had begun before the war or were taking up their studies for the first time. The lecture halls were crowded and often Cartwright had to copy up notes of lectures which she could not get into because of the crowds.

7. References For Cartwright Math. Soc. 46 (2) (1999), 214220. C Series, Obituary dame mary CartwrightDBE (1900-1998) (9 April 1998, Guardian). C Series, Obituary http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Cartwright.html

References for Mary Cartwright Obituary in The Times available on the Web Articles: M L Cartwright, Moments in a girl's life, Bull. Inst. Math. Appl. S L McMurran and J J Tattersall, The mathematical collaboration of M L Cartwright and J E Littlewood, Amer. Math. Monthly S L McMurran and J J Tattersall, Mary Cartwright (1900 - 1998), Notices Amer. Math. Soc. C Series, Obituary : Dame Mary Cartwright DBE (1900-1998) (9 April 1998, Guardian). C Series, Obituary : Dame Mary Cartwright DBE (1900-1998), European Mathematical Society Newsletter Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR October 2003 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/Cartwright.html

8. Dame Mary Cartwright Obituaries Electronic Telegraph Saturday 11 April 1998. dame mary cartwright.Mistress of Girton whose mathematical work formed the basis of chaos theory. http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/articles/ebcart11.html

Obituaries Electronic Telegraph Saturday 11 April 1998 Dame Mary Cartwright Mistress of Girton whose mathematical work formed the basis of chaos theory DAME Mary Cartwright, who has died aged 97, was one of most eminent British mathematicians of the century, and between 1949 and 1968 Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge - the longest tenure in the college's history. Mary Lucy Cartwright was born on December 17 1900 at Aynho, Northamptonshire, where her father was curate and later rector. At first educated by governesses, Mary was later sent away to various schools, including Godolphin, in Salisbury. Her younger brother Frederick, a Rugbeian, would end his career as deputy chairman of the British Steel Corp-oration. In 1919 Mary Cartwright went up to St Hugh's College, Oxford, to read mathematics. Owing to the gaps in her schooling she felt herself ill-prepared for the course, and in 1921 obtained only a Second in Moderations. Tempted to change to history, she rejected this option because it seemed to entail rather too much work. Her breakthrough as a mathematician came in her third year, when V C Morton, later professor of mathematics at Aberystwyth, suggested at a party on a barge in Eights Week that she should attend evening classes of the great G H Hardy, then Savilian Professor of Geometry. Mary Cartwright went on to obtain a First in 1923, only the second year in which women took Final degrees at Oxford.

9. Mary Cartwright 19001998 mary cartwright( 19001998)Shawnee McMurran and James Tattersall214NOTICES OF THEAMSVOLUME46 Fellows, Girton College, Cambridge.dame mary cartwright, 1950.memcartwright.qxp 12 http://www.ams.org/notices/199902/mem-cartwright.pdf

10. Times Obituary mary cartwright. dame mary cartwright, DBE, FRS, mathematician and Mistressof Girton College, Cambridge, 194968, died on April 3 aged 97. http://www.aam314.vzz.net/Cartwright.html

Mary Cartwright Dame Mary Cartwright, DBE, FRS, mathematician and Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge, 1949-68, died on April 3 aged 97. She was born on December 17, 1900. Mary Cartwright's standing in the mathematical world was such that she was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society in 1947, shortly after it was opened to women, and she became the first woman to serve on its council. But she also took a great interest in mathematical teaching in schools and was president of the Mathematical Association in 1951-52. Although her published work is nearly all severely technical, she could also appeal to a wider public as she showed in her James Bryce Memorial Lecture, The Mathematical Mind , given at Somerville College in 1955. In her Cambridge career she was not only Mistress of Girton, but for three years president of the Cambridge Association of University Women. Mary Lucy Cartwright came from a Northamptonshire family with a long tradition of public service. Her two older brothers were killed in action before she went up to St Hugh's College, Oxford, in 1919, from the Godolphin School, Salisbury. After leaving Oxford with a first, she taught maths at Alice Ottley School, Worcester, and then at Wycombe Abbey School. But the urge to do further mathematical work was strong and in 1927 she returned to Oxford to work under G. H. Hardy. She proceeded to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1930 and was elected to a Yarrow Research Fellowship at Girton College, Cambridge. There followed a period of great productivity, leading to a readership and her appointment as Girton's director of studies.

11. Philosophy Book Series Philosophy Resources For Everyone At 4. mary Lucy cartwright ( Relevancy 79%) dame mary Lucy cartwright December 17, 1900 April 3, 1998 mary cartwright was born on December 17 http://www.erraticimpact.com/cgi-bin/apexec.pl?etype=web&template=aftemplate

12. Search Results For Cartwright - Encyclopædia Britannica Search results include encyclopedia articles from Encyclopedia Britannica Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, definitions from MerriamWebster's Dictionary Thesaurus, videos, web sites, Did you mean cartwright, John (Br. pol.) cartwright, William (Br. writ.) cartwright, Edmund (Br Results 1-5 of 5. dame mary Lucy cartwright. University of St Andrews, Scotland http://www.britannica.com/search?query=Cartwright&submit=Find&source=MWT

13. References For Cartwright References for dame mary Lucy cartwright. Articles SL McMurran and JJ Tattersall,The Mathematical Collaboration of ML cartwright and JE Littlewood, Amer. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/~DZ4BA4.htm

References for Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Articles: S L McMurran and J J Tattersall, The Mathematical Collaboration of M L Cartwright and J E Littlewood, Amer. Math. Monthly Close this window or click this link to go back to Cartwright Welcome page Biographies Index History Topics Index Famous curves index ... Search Suggestions JOC/EFR November 1997 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Cartwright.html

14. Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright dame mary Lucy cartwright. Born 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England of being honoured by the Queen, becoming dame mary cartwright, Commander of the British Empire http://uk.geocities.com/magoos_universe/cartwr.htm

Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Born: 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England Died: 3 April 1998 in Cambridge, England M ary Cartwright's father was in the Church, and at the time of Mary's birth he was the Vicar at Aynho. When she was eleven years old, she was sent away to school, first attending Leamington High School, then later attending the Godolphin School in Salisbury. Her best subject at school was history but it had the disadvantage of requiring much effort in learning endless lists of facts. When she was encouraged in her studies of mathematics in her final year at school, Mary realised that it was a topic where one could succeed without the long hours of learning facts. It became the topic that she wanted to study at university. In October 1919 Cartwright entered St Hugh's College in Oxford to study mathematics. At that time she was one of only five women in the whole university who were studying mathematics. This was a difficult time to enter university since World War I having just ended, there were large numbers of men returning from the army who were either restarting the university studies they had begun before the war or taking up their studies for the first time. The lecture halls were crowded and often Cartwright had to copy up notes of lectures which she could not get into because of the crowds. After two years of study she took her Mathematical Moderations examinations and was awarded second class. It was not only Cartwright who had found the crowded conditions hard, for there were very few first class awards that year. This did nothing, however, to stop a deep sense of disappointment at failing to get the first class that she had aimed for, and Cartwright seriously considered giving up mathematics altogether and returning to her first love of history. It was a painful decision, over which she agonised for some time. However, she was enjoying mathematics so much and she still remembered the long hours of learning facts when studying history at school. She decided to stick with her mathematics course but [3]:-

15. Mary Lucy CARTWRIGHT Caroline SERIES Obituary dame mary Lucy cartwright DBE (19001998), EuropeanMathematical Society Newsletter, December 1998, Issue 30, pp.21-23. http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/natacha.portier/fem/biblio/biblio-1-12.html

1.12. Mary Lucy CARTWRIGHT (1900-1998) Mary Lucy CARTWRIGHT: Some exciting mathematical episodes involving John Edenson Littlewood, Bull. Inst. Math. Appl. 12 (1976) no.7, pp.201-202. Mary Lucy CARTWRIGHT: Moments in a girl's life, Bull. Inst. Math. Appl. 25 (1989) no.3-4, pp.63-67. Freeman DYSON: Review of ``Nature's Numbers'' by Ian STEWART, Mathematical Intelligencer, 19(2), 1997, 65-67. N.P. ERUGIN: Mary Lucy Cartwright, Differentsialnye Uravneniya 25 (1989) no.9, pp. 1642-1646. Shawnee L. Mc MURRAN and James J. TATTERSALL: The Mathematical Collaboration of M.L. Cartwright and J.E. Littlewood, American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 103, No. 10 (December 1996), 833-845. Shawnee L. Mc MURRAN and James J. TATTERSALL: Cartwright and Littlewood on van der Pol's equation, Harmonic analysis and nonlinear differential equations (Riverside, CA, 1995), 265-276, Contemp. Math., 208, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1997. Caroline SERIES: Obituary: Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright DBE (1900-1998), European Mathematical Society Newsletter, December 1998, Issue 30, pp.21-23. Shawnee L. Mc MURRAN and James J. TATTERSALL: Mary Cartwright (1900-1998), Notices of the AMS, volume 46, Number 2, February 1999, pp.214-220.

16. Ask Jeeves For Kids! Charlotte Angas Scott. Christine mary Hamill. dame mary Lucy cartwright. Emmy Amalie Noether. Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil. Gertrude mary Cox. Grace Brewster Murray Hopper http://www.ajkids.com/kidsaskjeeves.asp?ask=Peter Cartwright&qSource=0&o

17. Cartwright Mathematician dame mary Lucy cartwright. Born Dec 17, 1900 in Aynho,Northamptonshire, England. Died 3, April 1998. mary cartwright http://members.fortunecity.com/jonhays/Cartwright.html

Mathematician: Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright Born: Dec 17, 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England. Died: 3, April 1998 Mary Cartwright graduated from Oxford in 1923; taught 4 years in schools before reading for her D.Phil. Appointed Lecturer in Mathematics at Cambridge University in 1935, as a Reader in the Theory of Functions 1959-1968, wrote more than 50 papers in this mathematical subject. Elected in 1947 to the Royal Society. Received many other honours including, in 1964, the Royal Society Sylvester Medal (named for the great 19th century algebraist, Joseph Sylvester), with the comment: ... in recognition of her distinguished contributions to analysis and the theory of functions of a real and complex variable. She also received, in 1968, the London Mathematical Society De Morgan Medal (named for the 19th century logician-algebraist, Augustus De Morgan.

18. Women Political Leaders —Historical And Current 1997. Ireland, President mary McAleese, 1997–present. 1996. New Zealand,Governorgeneral dame Silvia cartwright, 2001–present. New http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0801534.html

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19. RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project Global Search cartwright), Esther ( cartwright), mary ( cartwright), Sarah dame), Margaret b ABOUT 1765 ( dame), mary J. b ABOUT 1844 http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=SHOW&db=hkhart

20. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï Paul Cartan Born 8 July 1904 in Nancy, France Died cartwright, dame mary Lucy cartwrightBorn 17 Dec 1900 in Aynho, Northamptonshire, England Died Casorati http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=C

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