61. Aristotle :: Essay DB :: Free Essays, Free Term Papers, Free Book Reports And Fr method and its relevance to education, literary criticism, the analysis of humanaction, and political analysis Aristotle, like Eudoxus and callippus before him http://www.essaydb.com/essay/001791.html

Essay DB Free Essays, Free Research Papers, Free Book Reports and Free Term Papers Aristotle Page: Essay Express

62. Book II - Chapter 23 : Aristotle's Rhetoric since it is not well to be unpopular or you answer, No, it is well to be educated,since it is well to be wise. The Art of Rhetoric of callippus is made up http://www.public.iastate.edu/~honeyl/Rhetoric/rhet2-23.html

Home Book I Book II Book III ... Bibliography Book II - Chapter 23 1. One line of positive proof is based upon consideration of the opposite of the thing in question. Observe whether that opposite has the opposite quality. If it has not, you refute the original proposition; if it has, you establish it. E.g. "Temperance is beneficial; for licentiousness is hurtful." Or, as in the Messenian speech, "If war is the cause of our present troubles, peace is what we need to put things right again." Or For if not even evil-doers should Anger us if they meant not what they did, Then can we owe no gratitude to such As were constrained to do the good they did us. Or Since in this world liars may win belief, Be sure of the opposite likewise-that this world Hears many a true word and believes it not. 2. Another line of proof is got by considering some modification of the key-word, and arguing that what can or cannot be said of the one, can or cannot be said of the other: e.g. "just" does not always mean "beneficial," or "justly" would always mean "beneficially," whereas it is not desirable to be justly put to death.

63. Pausanias Description Of Greece, Book I: Attica The thesmothetae (lawgivers) were painted by Protogenes 3 the Caunian, and Olbiades4 portrayed callippus, who led the Athenians to Thermopylae to stop the http://www.piney.com/ClassPausaniasAttica.html

Pausanias Description of Greece, Book I: Attica Pausanias, reputedly born in Lydia, was a Greek traveler (as well as Greece he also visited Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia, Epirus) during height of Roman rule. His most important work is the Description of Greece [Periegesis Hellados], a sort of tourist guidebook, which remains an invaluable text on ancient ruins. The Description of Greece survives in ten books in the form of a tour of Greece starting in Attica. The first book seems to have been completed after 143 CE, but before 161CE. No event after 176CE is mentioned in the work. Pausanias begins his description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from the glories of classical Greece, especially religious art and architecture. That he can be relied on for building and works which have since disappeared is shown by the accuracy of his descriptions of buildings which do survive. For at Athens he discusses the pictures, portraits, and inscriptions recording the laws of Solon; the great gold and ivory statue of Athena in the Parthenon; and the monuments to famous men and of Athenians who died in battle.

64. Dream 2047 : VP News callippus (c.370c.300BC), also a Greek mathematician and astronomer, modifiedthe Eudoxus scheme by adding extra spheres for the Sun, Moon and some other http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/oct2000/oct2000.htm

VPNEWS PARTING THOUGHTS (II) To continue from where we left off last time, Vigyan Prasar can really make a difference to the overall science popularisation scene in the country! It has all the essential ingredients, in the form of major programmes/efforts, I mentioned last time, to transform itself into a powerhouse of incredible and unimaginable strengths capable of delivering unheard of results! Each one of the VP's major programmes referred to earlier, if handled appropriately, could develop into an independent, self-sustaining entity in its own right, under the overall VP umbrella, with greatly enhanced output. What would that mean in terms of the goals we are seeking to achieve? Vigyan Prasar books would also be distributed worldwide in many countries and also in many other non-Indian languages. Dream-2047 would develop into a very popular science magazine with a large circulation and several other language editions, besides Hindi and English. . NKS (To be continued) Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) Dr. Subodh Mahanti

65. B015 Greek David Potter The Text Is Inscribed On Two Faces Of A was strategos The 19th of Apellaios When the assembly had convened, Zopyrus son ofAmyntas, the gymnasiarch, Asclepiades son of Heras, and callippus the son of http://www.umich.edu/~classics/programs/class/cc/372/B015.html

Greek David Potter The text is inscribed on two faces of a marble block. Face A, which contains the first part of the decree, is so badly damaged (it was used for some time as a garden ramp by the farmers who found it) that about 40 lines can no longer be read at all, and another 20 lines can only be read with great difficulty. The text of face B is very well preserved. The translation and commentary are based on Ph. Gauthier and M.B. Hatzopoulos, La loi gymnasiarchique de Beroia (Athens, 1993). A number of references are given to other inscriptions according to edition. If you are interested in following up any of these, please talk to your TA. Face A In the year that Hippocrates son of Nicocrates was strategos The 19th of Apellaios When the assembly had convened, Zopyrus son of Amyntas, the gymnasiarch, Asclepiades son of Heras, and Callippus the son of Hippocrates proposed this motion : since all the other offices are governed by a law, and in the cities where there are gymnasia and anointing is practiced, the laws concerning the gymnasiarchs are deposited in the public record office, it seems a good idea that the same thing should be done amongst us, and that the law that we handed over to the auditors should be inscribed on a stele in the gymnasium, and be recorded in the public records office. When this has been done, the young men will, in the future

66. Rhetoric Book 2 Chapter 23 The Art of Rhetoric of callippus is made up of this line of argument, with the additionof those of Possibility and the others of that kind already described. http://www.aristoteles-heute.de/SeinBewegtBelebtBewusst/Rhetoric/Rhetoric0223.ht

previous up next Chapter 23   For if not even evil-doers should Anger us if they meant not what they did, Then can we owe no gratitude to such As were constrained to do the good they did us. Or-   Since in this world liars may win belief, Be sure of the opposite likewise-that this world Hears many a true word and believes it not.   to which question Alcmaeon in reply says,   Why, there are two things to examine here.   And when Alphesiboea asks what he means, he rejoins:   They judged her fit to die, not me to slay her. Again there is the lawsuit about Demosthenes and the men who killed  Nicanor; as they were judged to have killed him justly, it was thought  that he was killed justly. And in the case of the man who was killed  at Thebes, the judges were requested to decide whether it was unjust  that he should be killed, since if it was not, it was argued that it  could not have been unjust to kill him. Thou hast pity for thy sire, who has lost his sons: Hast none for Oeneus, whose brave son is dead? 15. Another line of argument is this: The things people approve of  openly are not those which they approve of secretly: openly, their  chief praise is given to justice and nobleness; but in their hearts  they prefer their own advantage. Try, in face of this, to establish  the point of view which your opponent has not adopted. This is the  most effective of the forms of argument that contradict common  opinion.

67. Calipo De Cízico Translate this page Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 aC y murió hacia el 310 aC yse tiene noticia que callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 http://almaak.tripod.com/biografias/calipo.htm

Principal Búsqueda Grupo Galería ... Constelaciones Calipo de Cízico © 2002. Carlos Andrés Carvajal T. Astrónomo Autodidacta. Nació en Cyzicus Asia Menor aproximadamente el 370 a.C. y murió hacia el 310 a.C. y se tiene noticia que Callippus de Cyzicus trabajo con Aristóteles hacia 330 a.C. Estudió en la escuela de Eudoxo y realizó observaciones astronómicas en el Helesponto. Su trabajo con Aristóteles en parte consistió en corregir y completar los descubrimientos de Eudoxo. Realizó determinaciones precisas sobre la duración de las estaciones y construyó un ciclo de 76 años que comprendían 940 meses para armonizar los años lunares y solares, este calendario fue adoptado en el 330 a.C. y utilizado por astrónomos posteriores. El calendario de Calipo esta basado en el periodo metódico ( siete años de 13 meses lunares y doce años de 12 meses lunares), diseñado por Metón (nacido alrededor del 460 a.C). El periodo Calípico es un ciclo de 4 periodos metónicos siendo mas preciso que este porque corregía la duración del año (365.25 días) que tenia un error en los cálculos de Metón (365 días). De esta manera el ciclo Calípico comprendía 4 x 235 días, o 940 meses lunares reduciendo la duración de los cuatro ciclos metónicos en un día. El total de días entonces quedó en (441 x 29) + (499 x 30), o 27,759 y 27,759 / (19 x 4) da 365.25 días. De esta manera Calipo hizo coincidir 940 meses lunares con 76 años tropicales de 365.25 días. Calipo en asocio a Aristóteles introdujo un sistema de 34 esferas para explicar el movimiento de los cuerpos celestes. El Sol, la Luna, Mercurio, Venus y Marte cada uno tenía cinco esferas, mientras que Júpiter, Saturno tenían 4 y las estrellas una. Esta adición de una esfera al sistema de Eudoxo aumentó la precisión de la teoría que exponía que los planetas se movían en círculo perfectos.

68. Eudoxus Of Cnidus still. This model was improved by callippus by adding more spheresand by Aristotle added to this certain `retrograde spheres. http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/eudoxus/eudoxus.html

Next: About this document Eudoxus of Cnidus Eudoxus (c. 400 B.C.) is the greatest of the ancient mathematicians, surpassed only by Archimedes but later. Biographical highlights: Eudoxus was born in Cnidos, on the Black Sea. He studied mathematics with Archytus in Tarentum. He studied medicine with Philistium on Sicily. At 23 years he went to Plato's academy in Athens to study philosophy and rhetoric. Some time later he went to Egypt to learn astronomy at Helopolis. He established a school at Cyzicus on the sea of Marmora and had many pupils. In 365 B. C. he returned to Athens with his pupils. He became a colleague of Plato. At the age of 53 he died in Cnidos, highly honored as a lawgiver. He was the leading mathematician and astronomer of his day. Eudoxus was the most reknown astronomer and mathematician of his day. In astronomy devised an ingenious planetary system based on spheres. The spherical earth is at rest at the center. Around this center, 27 concentric spheres rotate. The exterior one caries the fixed stars, The others account for the sun, moon, and five planets.

69. The Acts Of John But Cleobius said to his young men Go ye to my kinsman callippus and receive ofhim comfortable entertainment for I am come hither with his son- that we may http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/actsjohn.html

The Acts of John From "The Apocryphal New Testament" M.R. James-Translation and Notes Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924 Introduction The length of this book is given in the Stichometry of Nicephorus as 2,500 lines: the same number as for St. Matthew's Gospel. We have large portions of it in the original, and a Latin version (purged, it is important to note, of all traces of unorthodoxy) of some lost episodes, besides a few scattered fragments. These will be fitted together in what seems the most probable order. The best edition of the Greek remains is in Bonnet, Acta Apost. Apocr. 11.1, 1898: the Latin is in Book V of the Historia Apostolica of Abdias (Fabricius, Cod. Apoer. N. T.: there is no modern edition). Leaving for the time certain small fragments which may perhaps have preceded the extant episodes, I proceed to the first long episode (Bonnet, c. 18). [John is going from Miletus to Ephesus.) Text 18 Now John was hastening to Ephesus, moved thereto by a vision. Damonicus therefore, and Aristodemus his kinsman, and a certain very rich man Cleobius, and the wife of Marcellus, hardly prevailed to keep him for one day in Miletus, reposing themselves with him. And when very early in the morning they had set forth, and already about four miles of the journey were accomplished, a voice came from heaven in the hearing of all of us, saying: John, thou art about to give glory to thy Lord in Ephesus, whereof thou shalt know, thou and all the brethren that are with thee, and certain of them that are there, which shall believe by thy means. John therefore pondered, rejoicing in himself, what it should be that should befall (meet) him at Ephesus, and said: Lord, behold I go according to thy will: let that be done which thou desirest.

70. DION made himself master of Sicily when the people began to express their discontent withhis tyrannical conduct, and he was assassinated by callippus, an Athenian http://19.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DI/DION.htm

DION DION See Lives by Plutarch and Cornelius Nepos (cf. Diod. Si. xvi. 6-20) and in modern times by T. Lau (1860); see also SYRACUSE and SIcILY: History. DIOMEDES DIONE

71. History Of Time A Brief History of Clocks From Thales to Ptolemy. A Brief History ofTime, From Thales to callippus. CalendarLand. Leap Day Information. http://128.148.60.98/physics/userpages/students/Matthew_Hirsch/Time/time.html

The History of Time Foreword The Rules Books: Jespersen, James + Jane Fitz-Randolph. From Sundials to Atomic Clocks. Dover Publications, Inc. New York:1982. Crumpley, Elsa. It's About Time: All you need to know about the origin of time and calendars. R+E Publishers. California:1984. Landes, David S. Revlution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World. Harvard University Press. Massachusetts:1983. Toulmin, Stephen. The Discovery of Time. University of Chicago Press. Chicago:1965. Bell, Thelma Harrington. The Riddle of Time. Viking Press. New York:1963. Cunynghame, H.H. Time and Clocks:A Description of Ancient and Modern Methods of Measuring Time. Singing Tree Press. Detroit:1970. Wright, Lawrence. Clockwork Man:The Story of Time:Its Origins, Its Uses, Its Tyranny. Horizon Press. New York:1968. Cowan, Harrison J. Time and Its Measurement:From the Stone Age to the Nuclear Age. World Publishing Company. New York:1958. Priestley, J.B. Man and Time. Crescent Books. London:1964. Pergamon Press. New York:1978. Goudsmit, Samuel A.

72. CSLA: Henry Mendell Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 16 (1998), 160225. 1998, Reflectionson Eudoxus, callippus and their Curves Hippopedes and Callippopedes . http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/hmendel/

Madeleine Mendell (for me you'll have to visit Phil. Dept. Faculty Teaching Interests Research Interests Educational Background ... Office Hours On Greek Mathematics and Philosophy of Mathematics Vignettes of Ancient Mathematics Henry Mendell Prof. Phone: (323) 343-4178 FAX: (323) 343-4193 Email: hmendel@calstatela.edu TEACHING INTERESTS I mostly teach ancient philosophy. However, I also teach annually a course in the history of the philosophy of science, which focuses on astronomy and mathematics. This course uses lots of graphics to illustrate Greek mathematics and astronomy, and spread sheets to illustrate Babylonian astronomy. Some of this I shall add to this WEB site; others are available on a CD-ROM (Mac) I enjoy teaching logic. RESEARCH INTERESTS My principal areas of interest at present include ancient Greek philosophy (especially Aristotle), ancient Greek mathematics, ancient astronomy (especially Eudoxus). These focus on the relation between philosophical issues in ancient treatments of scientific problems and how ancient philosophers responded to those issues. Current projects involve Aristotelian logic, conceptions of relational quantities in Greek mathematics, infinitary arguments in Greek mathematics, the relation between first principles in Aristotle and in Greek mathematics, sources for Eudoxus, 4th cent. B.C.E. conceptions of astronomy, and Plato's Phaedo. Representative Professional Activities Date Recent Publications Aristotle: Mathematics: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Eloge for Wilbur Knorr. Isis 92 (2001): 339-343

73. History Of Astronomy: Persons (C) Hist. Math.); Short biography (Encycl. Brit.); Crater Cajori (lunar feature).callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC c. 310 BC) Short biography http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_c.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (C) Deutsche Fassung Cacciatore, Gaetano (1814-1889) Short biography and references (in Italian) Short biography, references, links (H. Frommert, C. Kronberg) Short biography and references (in Italian) Caccini, Tommaso (1574-1648) Biography and relation to Galileo Caesar, Julius (100? BC - 44 BC) Biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Cahill, Daniel William (1796-1864) Short biography and references From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Cajori, Florian (1859-1930) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Crater Cajori (lunar feature) Callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370 BC - c. 310 BC) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Calvin, John (1509-1564) Biography and references (Encycl. Brit.) Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 Calvin and the Astronomical Revolution , by Matthew F. Dowd Campanella, Tommaso (1568-1639[1659?])

74. History Of Astronomy: Topics: Calendars, Time And Chronology A Brief History of Time From Thales to callippus by Chris Weinkopf A student scourse paper; Timekeeping at the US Naval Observatory (History). See also http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/hist_astr/ha_items_calendar.html

History of Astronomy Topics History of Astronomy: Topics: Calendars, Time and Chronology Horology - The Index A Walk Through Time: Evolution of Time Measurement From ancient calendars to the "atomic" age, including a bibliography Time: General Royal Greenwich Observatory Information Leaflet No. 27 Dates and Dating From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913 CalendarLand Calendars: General Royal Greenwich Observatory Information Leaflet No. 50 Links to Web calendar resources / Calendar Bibliography Calendar Calendar Conversions Julian day number, Day of week, Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Jewish calendar, French republican calendar. The Calendar FAQ Calendar History Calendar Links Greek Science: Calendars in the Classical world , by Anne Rego Calendars , by Michelle Satorhelyi (5 Oct 2001: disappeared) The Seven-Day Week and the Meanings of the Names of the Days A History of the Months and the Meanings of their Names Focusing on Words (25 July 1996: disappeared?) This site will be presenting "time systems of the world, past and present", and starts with a combination of the Julian and Gregorian calendars

75. ASTR 228: Chapter 6 - Aristotelian Science And Cosmology as being real ? 6.4. Aristotle (384 322 BC). Adopted basic Eudoxiansystem as modified by callippus (ca. 370 - ca. 300 BC); Major http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr228/CourseNotes/ln_ch06.htm

Chapter 6. Aristotelian Science and Cosmology Latest Modification: March 19, 1996 6.1. Socrates of Athens (470 - 399 b.c.) Ex stone cutter turned philosopher Represents a watershed in Greek philosophy; turned philosophical discussion from cosmological questions of the 5th and 6th century to questions of political and ethical concerns Plato of Athens (428 - 348 B.C.) Two-sphere concept, Earth as one sphere, surrounded by second set of spheres - the celestial realm Set task, according to Simplicius, of finding out "the uniform and ordered motions by the assumption of which the apparent movements of the planets can be accounted for" Aesthetic argument based on symmetry; apparently reasoned that celestial realm was arrayed on perfect geometric figure, the sphere, with planets moving in perfectly symmetric plane figure, the circle Generations of astronomers thought that planetary movements must be accounted for by combinations of uniform circular motions with Earth at center The ultimate product of geocentric cosmology was the Ptolemaic system. 6.3. Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 400 - ca. 347 B.C.)

76. Online even the glorious fourth was in some sense a failure, for it which were made firstby meton and secondly by callippus the latter is said to have been a pupil http://4feet.malls4all.com/lassen_tehama___mens.asp

77. THE COMMENTARIOLUS callippus and Eudoxus, who endeavored to solve the problem by the use of concentricspheres, were unable to account for all the planetary movements; they had http://www2.centenary.edu/forbidden/copern1.htm

THE COMMENTARIOLUS NICHOLAS COPERNICUS' SKETCH OF HIS HYPOTHESES FOR THE HEAVENLY MOTIONS Our ancestors assumed, I observe, a large number of celestial spheres for this reason especially, to explain the apparent motion of the planets by the principle of regularity. For they thought it altogether absurd that a heavenly body, which is a perfect sphere, should not always move uniformly. They saw that by connecting and combining regular motions in various ways they could make any body appear to move to any position. Callippus and Eudoxus, who endeavored to solve the problem by the use of concentric spheres, were unable to account for all the planetary movements; they had to explain not merely the apparent revolutions of the planets but also the fact that these bodies appear to us sometimes to mount higher in the heavens, sometimes to descend; and this fact is incompatible with the principle of concentricity. Therefore it seemed better to employ eccentrics and epicycles, a system which most scholars finally accepted. Yet the planetary theories of Ptolemy and most other astronomers, although consistent with the numerical data, seemed likewise to present no small difficulty. For these theories were not adequate unless certain equants were also conceived; it then appeared that a planet moved with uniform velocity neither on its deferent nor about the center of its epicycle. Hence a system of this sort seemed neither sufficiently absolute nor sufficiently pleasing to the mind.

78. Almagest Ephemeris Calculator The calendar module also provides a tentative conversion to the Greek astronomicalcalendar of callippus as described by Geminus (Elementa astronomiae VIII.50 http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/astro/almagestephemeris.htm

Almagest Ephemeris Calculator This web page is organized as follows: Introduction How to Use the Almagest Ephemeris Calculator Calendar Date Module The Precession in Longitude and the Obliquity of the Ecliptic ... Bibliography Introduction This web page provides a set of JavaScript calendar and ephemeris modules for calculating geocentric luni-solar and planetary positions for an arbitrary calendar date and time according to the kinematical models of the Sun, the Moon and the planets described in the Almagest (also known as the Mathematike Syntaxis ) of Claudius Ptolemy ( c . 150 AD). The mean motions of the Sun, the Moon and the planets adopted in these modules correspond exactly with Ptolemy’s mean motion tables and the corrections for their eccentric and epicyclic motions are accurately modelled according to the luni-solar and planetary models discussed by Ptolemy in his Almagest As Ptolemy s tables were probably used most often for astrological rather than for astronomical computations, a table displaying the astrological aspects between the luminaries (and the lunar ascending node) with some other astrological quantities is also provided. At present, latitudes are given only for the Sun (this is always zero) and the Moon. In the near future, latitudes and distances will also be supplied for the other luminaries.

79. Astronomy Papers They include, among others, Thales, Socrates of Athens, Plato of Athens, Eudoxusof Cnidus, Aristotle, callippus, Aristarchus of Samos Symposium, Pythagoras http://www.science-papers.com/astronomy.html

Papers On Astronomy All Papers Are Only $ /page + FREE Bibliography! SAME DAY DELIVERY IS GUARANTEED!!! Page 1 of 8 Next >> The Evolution of Climate on Terrestrial Planets send me this paper This 7 page report discusses the evolution of climate on the terrestrial planets. The idea of climate on the terrestrial planets is centered on the long-term effect of the sun's radiation on the rotating Earth’s, Venus’, and Mars’ varied surfaces and atmosphere. Climate is most easily understood in terms of annual or seasonal averages of temperature and precipitation. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Filename: BWterre.rtf Galileo Galilei - His Impact On Our Lives Today send me this paper A 7 page paper on the Renaissance mathematician, scientist and inventor which examines his legacy to us as we live in a modern world influenced by the scientific perspectives and methods he espoused during his life. Current applications of discoveries, inventions, and philosophy of science pioneered by Galileo in a wider variety of fields are discussed. Bibliography list 17 Sources. Filename: Galpap.wps

80. NOAA/CEOB Tide Glossary Devised by callippus, a Greek astronomer, about 350 BC, as a suggested improvementon the Metonic cycle for a period in which new and full Moon would recur on http://www.baysail.com/tide_terms/gloss_c.html

Baysail Weather Page Baysail Home Page NWS Tide Terminology NOAA Tidal Terminology Reference / Dictionary Click on first letter of term you are interested in: A B C D ... Z California Current A North Pacific Ocean current setting southeastward along the west coast of the United States and Baja California. Callippic cycle A period of four Metonic cycles equal to 76 Julian years, or 27,759 days. Devised by Callippus, a Greek astronomer, about 350 B.C., as a suggested improvement on the Metonic cycle for a period in which new and full Moon would recur on the same day of the year. Taking the length of the synodical month as 29.530,588 days, there are 940 lunations in the Callippic cycle, with about 0.25 day remaining. Canary Current A North Atlantic Ocean current setting southward off the west coast of Portugal and along the northwest coast of Africa. celestial sphere An imaginary sphere of infinite radius concentric with the Earth, on which all celestial bodies except the Earth are imagined to be projected. centibar The unit of pressure equal to I ton per meter per second per second. See decibar.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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