1. Callippus Of Cyzicus (ca. 370-ca. 300 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie Astronomers. Branch of Science. Philosophers. Nationality. Greek. callippus of Cyzicus (ca. 370ca. 300 BC) Additional biographies MacTutor (St. Andrews), Bonn, Greek and Roman Science and Technology ©. Eric W. Weisstein http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Callippus.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Callippus of Cyzicus (ca. 370-ca. 300 BC) Greek philosopher who added more spheres to account for planetary motion, and specifically for the differing lengths of the seasons He also accurately measured the length of the solar year Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) Bonn Greek and Roman Science and Technology

2. The Internet Classics Archive | Against Callippus By Demosthenes Browse and. Comment. Search. Buy Books and. CDROMs. Help. Against callippus. By Demosthenes. Translated by Vince/DeWitt/Murray. 1994-2000. Commentary No comments have been posted about Against callippus. Add your own comment to start http://classics.mit.edu/Demosthenes/dem.52.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help Against Callippus By Demosthenes Translated by Vince/DeWitt/Murray This work is only provided via the Perseus Project at Tufts University. You may begin reading the English translation as well as the Greek version and a Greek version with morphological links If you have any questions about the Perseus Project texts in the Internet Classics Archive, including the Perseus Project , please consult the help pages . Please direct any inquiries about the texts themselves to the Perseus Project Webmaster at webmaster@perseus.tufts.edu. Commentary: No comments have been posted about Against Callippus Add your own comment to start discussion. Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site

3. Science And Human Values - Plato compromises with reality had to be made constantly, beginning shortly after Plato's death with Eudoxus and callippus http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/plato.html

Prof. Fred L. Wilson Rochester Institute of Technology Science and Human Values Plato Plato's Life If Thales was the first of all the great Greek philosophers, Plato must remain the best known of all the Greeks. The original name of this Athenian aristocrat was Aristocles, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning "broad" ) because of his broad shoulders. (He is not the only great man to be known universally by a nickname. The Roman orator Cicero is another. ) Plato was born in Athens, about 427 B.C., and died there about 347 B.C. In early life Plato saw war service and had political ambitions. However, he was never really sympathetic to the Athenian democracy and he could not join wholeheartedly in its government. He was a devoted follower of Socrates, whose disciple he became in 409 B.C., and the execution of that philosopher by the democrats in 399 B.C. was a crushing blow. He left Athens, believing that until "kings were philosophers or philosophers were kin gs" things would never go well with the world. (He traced his descent from the early kings of Athens and perhaps he had himself in mind.) For several years he visited the Greek cities of Africa and Italy, absorbing

4. Callippus callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Diedabout 310 BC. We know that callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Callippus.html

Callippus of Cyzicus Born: about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Died: about 310 BC Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index The dates given for the birth and death of Callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Simplicius writes in his commentary on De caelo by Aristotle (see for example [1]):- Callippus of Cyzicus, having studied with Polemarchus, Eudoxus ' pupil, following him to Athens dwelt with Aristotle , correcting and completing, with Aristotle 's help, the discoveries of Eudoxus Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. This calendar of Callippus is examined in detail by van der Waerden in [6].

5. Callippus Biography of callippus (370BC310BC) callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) given for the birth and death of callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Callippus.html

Callippus of Cyzicus Born: about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Died: about 310 BC Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index The dates given for the birth and death of Callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Simplicius writes in his commentary on De caelo by Aristotle (see for example [1]):- Callippus of Cyzicus, having studied with Polemarchus, Eudoxus ' pupil, following him to Athens dwelt with Aristotle , correcting and completing, with Aristotle 's help, the discoveries of Eudoxus Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. This calendar of Callippus is examined in detail by van der Waerden in [6].

6. References For Callippus References for callippus. Biography in The URL of this page is http//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/callippus.html. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Callippus.html

References for Callippus Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Books: Calendar, Encyclopaedia Britannica. T L Heath, Aristarchus of Samos (Oxford, 1913). T L Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics (2 Vols.) (Oxford, 1921). O Neugebauer, A history of ancient mathematical astronomy (New York, 1975). Articles: B L van der Waerden, Greek astronomical calendars. II. Callippos and his calendar, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR April 1999 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/Callippus.html

7. A Brief History Of Time From Thales to callippus. Chris Weinkopf. April 9, 1995 astronomy, beginning with Thales and continuing through callippus, enabled philosophers and the masses alike to better http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Chris/TIME2.html

Please note: These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. We assume no responsibility over the content of these papers: we present them as is as a part of the course, not as documents in the Perseus Digital Library . We do not have contact information for the authors. Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. A Brief History of Time (with apologies to Stephen Hawkings) From Thales to Callippus Chris Weinkopf April 9, 1995 This paper is now featured on the Discovery Channel School Web site. Table of Contents Introduction Initial Evidence of Time The Presocratics Changing Attitudes Towards Time ... Bibliography Look at the comments on this paper. Introduction Whether for agricultural, legal, or religious purposes, the ability to measure time was of the utmost importance in ancient Greece. Homer and Hesiod both suggest that men recognized some connection between the sun, stars, moon, earth, and time, but were unable to observe very effectively the cosmos for purposes of chronology. Only with the advancement of astronomy, beginning with Thales in the early sixth century BC, could the Greeks begin to utilize the heavens for designing accurate calendars and sundials. Eventually, Plato, in is Timaeus , would declare, "The sun, moon, and... planets were made for defining and preserving the numbers of time. "

8. Blank Entries From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography Translate this page 1966) Brown, Ernest William (1866-1936) Brown, Robert Hanbury (1916-) Brugmans, Anton(1732-1789) Burali-Forti, Cesare (1861-1931) Burrau callippus of Cyzicus http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/blank-entries.html

Please consider contributing or extending the following entries. For more information about making contributions, see the page on contributing . Please send contributions to scienceworld@wolfram.com Abbe, Ernst (1840-1905) Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) Aepinus, Franz (1724-1802) ... Zwicky, Fritz (1898-1974)

9. Callippus callippus. 375BC to 315BC ? http://www.virtualology.com/virtualpubliclibrary/hallofeducation/Mathematics/Cal

You are in: Virtual Public Library Hall of Education Mathematics Callippus Callippus 375BC to 315BC ? Start your search on Callippus Other educational search engines: Ask Jeeves for Kids Britannica.com CyberSleuth Kids Education World ... Yahooligans Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject’s entire name. Any official or affiliated sites that are related to this subject will be hyper linked below upon submission and Virtualology's review. 2000 by Virtualology TM . All rights reserved. Virtualology TM Search: About Us e-mail us Now Available in Paperback President Who? Forgotten Founders Click Here Editing Sponsor Editing Sponsors review and select all student work for publishing. To learn more about our editing sponsor program click here. Published Students Primary Secondary College Graduate ... Technical

10. Texts In Perseus For Browsing: English On the Trierarchic Crown ( Dem. 51.1) Against callippus ( Dem. 52.1) Against Nicostratus http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/chunk_TOC.html

Perseus Tufts Collections: Classics Papyri Renaissance London ... Support Perseus Primary Text Index: English Translations Note: This page is outdated. Perseus Texts are found in the Table of Contents Some links below may not work. Here are the primary texts currently available on our web site. They have been broken into chunks for ease of browsing, with links and a lookup tool to help you navigate through the texts quickly. Note: Textual reference appearing after titles in parentheses gives their standard scholarly abbreviations, and provides a template for how to look up other passages in that author while browsing. Index of Authors Aeschines Aeschylus Andocides Antiphon ... Xenophon Authors and their works: Aeschines (Aeschin. 1.93) Against Timarchus (Aeschin. 1.1) On the Embassy (Aeschin. 2.1) Against Ctesiphon (Aeschin. 3.1) Aeschylus (Aesch. Ag. 345) Agamemnon (Aesch. Ag. 1) Eumenides (Aesch. Eum. 1) Libation Bearers (Aesch. Lib. 1) Prometheus Bound (Aesch. PB 1) Suppliant Maidens (Aesch. Supp. 1) Persians (Aesch. Pers. 1) Seven Against Thebes (Aesch. Seven 1)

11. Callippus callippus of Cyzicus. Born about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Diedabout 310 BC in Not known. We know that callippus was a student of Eudoxus. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Cllpps.htm

Callippus of Cyzicus Born: about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Died: about 310 BC in Not known Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page The dates given for his birth and death are guesses but Callippus is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. The Callippic period is based on the Metonic period devised by Meton (born about 460 BC). Meton's observations were made in Athens in 432 BC but he gave a length for the year which was 1/76 of a day too long. The relation between Callippus's period and that of Meton are explained in [Encyclopaedia Britannica] as follows:- Callippus of Cyzicus (c.

12. Science And Human Values - Aristotle He accepted the heavenly spheres of Eudoxus and callippus and even added further to them, reaching a total of 54 http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html

Prof. Fred L. Wilson Rochester Institute of Technology Science and Human Values Aristotle Overview of Aristotle Of the two great philosophers of Greece, Plato and Aristotle, the latter was the one who relied on observation. Raphael's The School of Athens shows the two great philosophers in the center of the painting, surrounded by the other great Greeks, with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, "Look to the perfecti on of the heavens for truth," while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying "look around you at what is if you would know the truth." We shall look deeper in Aristotle's ideas below. Aristotle was born in Stagira (in northern Greece), 384 B.C. He died in Chalcis (on the Aegean island of Euboea, now Ewoia), 322 B.C. Inland from Stagira was the semi-Greek kingdom of Macedon, with which Aristotle's family was closely connected. Aristotle's father, for instance, had been court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Aristotle lost both parents while a child and was brought up by a friend of the family. He is supposed to have spoken with a lisp and to have been something of a dandy. At the age of seventeen Aristotle traveled to Athens for a college education and after Plato returned from Syracuse, the young man joined Plato's Academy, where he studied assiduously. Eventually he was to become by far the most renowned of all the pupils of Plato. Plato called him "the intelligence of the school."

13. References For Callippus References for callippus of Cyzicus. JOC/EFR December 1996 The URL of this page ishttp//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/callippus.html. http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/~DZ6B11.htm

References for Callippus of Cyzicus Dictionary of Scientific Biography Books: T L Heath, Aristarchus of Samos (Oxford, 1913). Close this window or click this link to go back to Callippus Welcome page Biographies Index History Topics Index Famous curves index ... Search Suggestions JOC/EFR December 1996 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Callippus.html

14. History Of Mathematics: Greece Cyrene Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus. Cyzicus callippus. Elea Parmenides, Zeno http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

Greece Cities Abdera: Democritus Alexandria : Apollonius, Aristarchus, Diophantus, Eratosthenes, Euclid , Hypatia, Hypsicles, Heron, Menelaus, Pappus, Ptolemy, Theon Amisus: Dionysodorus Antinopolis: Serenus Apameia: Posidonius Athens: Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Socrates, Theaetetus Byzantium (Constantinople): Philon, Proclus Chalcedon: Proclus, Xenocrates Chalcis: Iamblichus Chios: Hippocrates, Oenopides Clazomenae: Anaxagoras Cnidus: Eudoxus Croton: Philolaus, Pythagoras Cyrene: Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus Cyzicus: Callippus Elea: Parmenides, Zeno Elis: Hippias Gerasa: Nichmachus Larissa: Dominus Miletus: Anaximander, Anaximenes, Isidorus, Thales Nicaea: Hipparchus, Sporus, Theodosius Paros: Thymaridas Perga: Apollonius Pergamum: Apollonius Rhodes: Eudemus, Geminus, Posidonius Rome: Boethius Samos: Aristarchus, Conon, Pythagoras Smyrna: Theon Stagira: Aristotle Syene: Eratosthenes Syracuse: Archimedes Tarentum: Archytas, Pythagoras Thasos: Leodamas Tyre: Marinus, Porphyrius Mathematicians Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550)

15. TMTh:: CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS ASTRONOMER. callippus OF CYZICUS (fl. c. 370 BC) Life Aristotle. One ofthe craters on the moon has been named callippus in his honour. http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/2/22.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS ASTRONOMER CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS (fl. c. 370 BC) Life Studied in Cyzicus (Asia Minor) with Ptolemarchus, a friend of Eudoxus, whom he succeeded as head of the school. Later he went to Athens, where he studied with Aristotle. One of the craters on the moon has been named "Callippus" in his honour. Work Callippus developed and perfected the system of concentric spheres proposed by Eudoxus, adding seven more spheres - one for each of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) and one each for the sun and the moon, both then considered planets - for a total of 34. He made detailed observations of the rising and setting of the fixed stars, especially the "dawn-risers" and "evening-setters". His calculation of the duration of the seasons - Spring 94 days, Summer 92, Autumn 89, Winter 90 - was accurate to within 0.08 - 0.44 days. He improved on Meton's 19-year luni-solar calendar, introducing the 76-year (4 x 19) cycle named after him, which skipped one day every 76 years, and gave a year of 365.25 days and a month of 29.53. His sole known work, "On the System of the Planets", is lost. Contact the Technology Museum

16. Ancient History Sourcebook: Pausanias: Description Of Greece, Book I: Attica by Protogenes3 the Caunian, and Olbiades4 portrayed callippus, who led the Athenians to Thermopylae to Greeks as joined them, having made the callippus I mentioned their general http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pausanias-bk1.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece, Book I: Attica Pausanias, reputedly born in Lydia, was a Greek traveler (as well as Greece he also visited Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia, Epirus) during height of Roman rule. His most important work is the Description of Greece [Periegesis Hellados], a sort of tourist guidebook, which remains an invaluable text on ancient ruins. The Description of Greece survives in ten books in the form of a tour of Greece starting in Attica. The first book seems to have been completed after 143 CE, but before 161CE. No event after 176CE is mentioned in the work. Pausanias begins his description of each city with a synopsis of its history followed by an account of the monuments in topographical order. He also discusses local daily life, ceremonial rituals, legend and folklore. His main concentration is on artistic workd from the glories of classical Greece, especially religious art and architecture. That he can be relied on for building and works which have since disappeared is shown by the accuracy of his descriptions of buildings which do survive. For at Athens he discusses the pictures, portraits, and inscriptions recording the laws of Solon; the great gold and ivory statue of Athena in the Parthenon; and the monuments to famous men and of Athenians who died in battle.

17. The Homocentric Spheres Of Eudoxus, Callippus, And Aristotle The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus, callippus, and Aristotle. (NoteThis site is under construction last updated on 30 July 99). http://www.ouc.bc.ca/phys/dkay/eudoxus.htm

The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus, Callippus, and Aristotle (Note: This site is under construction last updated on 30 July 99) Ever since the publication of the Principia by Isaac Newton in 1687 one of the principal goals of physics has been the construction of mathematical models to describe how nature works. However, this idea did not originate with Newton. The most famous earlier examples are the laws of planetary motion of Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) and the planetary systems of Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) and Nicolas Copernicus (1473 - 1543). As Copernicus drew on the methods of Ptolemy, so too did Ptolemy draw on earlier work, particularly that of Apollonius of Perga and Hipparchus of the third and second centuries B.C., respectively. However, the original mathematical model of the cosmos was developed in the fourth-century by the geometer Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 400 -347 B.C.). His geometrical model for describing the motions of the planets has come to be known as the Homocentric Spheres. By the beginning of the fourth century B.C. the most widely held view of the universe was that it consisted of a spherical earth at rest in the center of a rotating "celestial sphere" carrying the fixed stars. The planets moved in the region between these two spheres. Outside the sphere of stars was nothing, not even space. The complete celestial catalog was short. There were the fixed stars, and seven "wanderers", the planets Sun, Moon, Mercury (Hermes), Venus (Aphrodite), Mars (Ares), Jupiter (Zeus), and Saturn (Kronos).

18. Libanius, Hypotheses To The Orations Of Demosthenes But according to callippus, Lycon freely gave the money to him, ashe was both his friend and a proxenos of all the Heracleotes. http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_libanius?page=47&greekEncoding=Unicod

19. Libanius, Hypotheses To The Orations Of Demosthenes from the style of the words (for he uses this sort of style) and from the contents;for the man who wrote this speech says that he indicted callippus of the http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_libanius?page=8&greekEncoding=Unicode

20. Editing Callippus - Edit - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia DOC ARISTOTLE S COSMOS http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Callippus&action=edit

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