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         Bhaskaracharya:     more detail
  1. Bhaskaracharya's Bijaganita and its English translation by Bhaskaracarya, 1980
  2. Face to Face with the Supreme by Sadhu Gopal Swamy, 1991

41. Workshop In Arithmetic And Computational Algebaric Geomerty
Udayan Gurjar, St. Xavier s College, Ahmedabad. Manjusha Joshi, bhaskaracharyaPratishthana, Pune. Vinay Wagh, bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune.
http://www.math.iitb.ac.in/~jkv/acag/part2.html
Workshop onComputational Algebraic Geometry Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 2 January 2003 - 11 January 2003
List of Participants
Name Institution
Avishek Adhikari ISI, Kolkata Suman Bandopadhya CMI, Chennai Rabeya Basu TIFR, Mumbai Somnath Basu ISI, Bangalore Anindita Bose ISI, Bangalore Saurav Chatterjee ISI, Kolkata Mrinal K. Das HRI, Allahabad Prem Das ISI, Kolkata Ratna Dutta ISI, Kolkata Sachin Gautam IIT Delhi Udayan Gurjar St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad Manjusha Joshi Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune Selby Jose Ismail Yusuf College, Mumbai Dr. M. A. Khan Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Dr. D. C. Khandekar National Board for Higher Mathematics Amit Kumar IIT Delhi Chanchal Kumar University of Jammu Shiv Datt Kumar Post Graduate College, Ramnagar Snigdhayan Mahanta CMI, Chennai Mridul Nandi ISI, Kolkata Muralidhara IIT Delhi A. K. Patil IIT Bombay Dr. Tony Puthenpurakal TIFR, Bombay Dr. N. Raghvendra TCS, Hyderabad Dr. S. K. Sardar The University of Burdwan Dr. I. Sengupta Jadhavpur University, Kolkata D. N. Seth

42. SBA > India, A Centre Of Learning
1687,. bhaskaracharya wrote in his book, Surya Siddhanta that objectsfall on earth due to a force of attraction by earth. Therefore
http://www.saralabirlaacademy.org/sba/centre_of_learning.htm
home about us our faculty academics ... Aditya Birla Scholarships " It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier, India has sent to the west such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system ." Will Durant (American historian, 1885-1981)
Right from ancient times, India's unique system of education and its high standards have been acclaimed by scholars from across the world. Its institutions of learning, today, have built upon this heritage to develop their curricula in consonance with modern requirements. This high quality attracts students and scholars not only from India but from other countries as well. Institutes of research and higher education have made a significant contribution in developing a pool of specialised, well educated resources, whether in science and technology or the arts and humanities who have set standards of excellence all over the world. Indian schools and universities have have helped to transform India into an vibrant and technologically self-sufficient economy.

43. FuturePointIndia.com - Books - Astrological Books
Written by Mr. bhaskaracharya and commented by Mr. Harashmani, this book is availableat a cost price of Rs. 75/ only. (Sanskrit Version available). .
http://www.futurepointindia.com/books/astronomybooks.asp
FuturePoint India.com
(A Future Point Creation)
Editions: English Hindi Marathi document.write(disdate) Home Feedback Contact Us Channels
Rashi Phal Astro Federation N Astro Education ... Online Payment Search The Site Your Opinion Is it possible to neutralize forthcoming adversities by a good muhurt? Yes No Can't Say Results Of Previous Polls Astronomy Books .gg Aargh Prakash This book deals with the impacts of planets in the field of business. This book is available at a cost price of Rs. 5/- only.
(Hindi and Sanskrit Versions available). Back Top Aryabhattiam This book deals with the calculations of planets, their motion and their positions. Written by Mr. Aryabhatta and edited by Mr. Ram Niwas Roy, this book is available at a cost price of Rs. 160/- only.
(Sanskrit Version available). Back Top Ayodhya Jatak (Hindi Tikka) This book deals with the impacts of planets on the human beings. This book is available at a cost price of Rs. 8/- only.

44. Did You Know?
Did You Know? By DP Agrawal. Question Did you know bhaskaracharya?What was he famous for and when did he live? Bhaskaracarya was
http://www.indianscience.org/dyk/t_dy_Q13.shtml
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Mandala Of Indic Traditions
Did You Know?
By D.P. Agrawal
Question: Did you know Bhaskaracharya? What was he famous for and when did he live?
Bhaskaracarya was a mathematician-astronomer of exceptional abilities. He was born in 1114 AD. Mathematics became the hand-maiden of astronomy and, from the time of Aryabhata I, it began to be incorporated in astronomical treatises. Thus all components of mathematics came to be developed: geometry, trigonometry, arithmetic and algebra. The great astronomers had to be great mathematicians too. The great astronomer-mathematicians of the Siddhanta period, in a chronological order were: Aryabhata I, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Aryabhata II, Sripati, Bhaskara II (known popularly as Bhaskaracarya), Madhava, Paramesvara and Nilakantha. These great scientists, except the last three, grew in different parts of this vast sub-continent. Perhaps such isolated growth may explain the apparent abruptness in astronomical and mathematical development in India. Even before Bhaskara made his mark on Indian Jyotisa, there were three distinct schools, the Saura, the Arya and Brahma. Bhaskara was respected and studied even in distant corners of India. Bhaskara was perhaps the last and the greatest astronomer that India ever produced. Brahmagupta was Bhaskara's role model and inspirer. To Brahmagupta he pays homage at the beginning of his

45. The Valuation Theory Home Page: Honorary Doctorate Degree For Abhyankar
bhaskaracharya math\ ematicien duXII$ ^{\grave{e}me}$ si\`ecle et \`a travers lui la transformation de
http://math.usask.ca/fvk/Abhy.html
The Valuation Theory Home Page
Honorary Doctorate Degree for Shreeram S. Abhyankar
On 29 October 1998, Professor Shreeram S. Abhyankar of Purdue University was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree (Docteur Honoris Causa) by the University of Angers in France. The Congratulatory Message sent by the Fields Medalist Professor Heisuke Hironaka for that occasion is reproduced below, followed by the Eulogy given by Professor Jean Michel Granger of the University of Angers at the award ceremony.
Message from Professor Heisuke Hironaka
Dear Ram: Your long and powerful works deserve far more than the honorary doctorate you are receiving. Even so, I am happy to hear the good news. Your originality has been a gold mine for many other algebraic geometers, including myself. Now the mined gold is receiving rays of sunlight, facets after facets. Very best, Hei Hironaka
Eulogy by Professor Jean Michel Granger, Angers
Back to The Valuation Theory Home Page Last update: February 4, 1999

46. Shripad M. Garge
bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune. Gave a series of lectures on ``Central SimpleAlgebras and the Brauer Group at the bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune.
http://www.mri.ernet.in/~anlweb/academic_reports_maths/m_garge_shripad/m_garge_s

Academic Report - Maths
Academic Report - Main Annual Report - Main
Shripad M. Garge
Research Summary:

I work on the rationality properties of algebraic groups. Let be a connected, reductive algebraic group defined over a field . It is natural to ask whether is determined by the set of -isomorphism classes of maximal -tori in it. I studied this question over global fields, local non-archimedean fields and finite fields. I prove following theorems in the preprint [ Theorem 1.1. Let be a finite field, a global field or a local non-Archimedean field. Let and be two split, connected, reductive algebraic groups defined over . Suppose that for every maximal -torus there exists a maximal -torus , such that the tori and are -isomorphic and vice versa. Then the Weyl groups and are isomorphic. Moreover, if we write the Weyl groups and as a direct product of the Weyl groups of simple algebraic groups, , and , then there exists a bijection such that is isomorphic to for every Theorem 1.2.

47. Workshop In Arithmetic And Computational Algebaric Geomerty
Xavier s College, Ahmedabad. Manjusha Joshi, bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune. College,RD University Jabalpur. Vinay Wagh, bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune.
http://www.mri.ernet.in/~mathweb/alggeopart2.html
Workshop onComputational Algebraic Geometry Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad 2 January 2003 - 11 January 2003
List of Participants
Name Institution
Avishek Adhikari ISI, Kolkata Suman Bandopadhya CMI, Chennai Rabeya Basu TIFR, Mumbai Somnath Basu ISI, Bangalore Anindita Bose ISI, Bangalore Saurav Chatterjee ISI, Kolkata Mrinal K. Das HRI, Allahabad Prem Das ISI, Kolkata Ratna Dutta ISI, Kolkata Sachin Gautam IIT Delhi Udayan Gurjar St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad Manjusha Joshi Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Pune Selby Jose Ismail Yusuf College, Mumbai Dr. M. A. Khan Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Dr. D. C. Khandekar National Board for Higher Mathematics Amit Kumar IIT Delhi Chanchal Kumar University of Jammu Shiv Datt Kumar Post Graduate College, Ramnagar Snigdhayan Mahanta CMI, Chennai Mridul Nandi ISI, Kolkata Muralidhara IIT Delhi A. K. Patil IIT Bombay Dr. Tony Puthenpurakal TIFR, Bombay Dr. N. Raghvendra TCS, Hyderabad Dr. S. K. Sardar The University of Burdwan Dr. I. Sengupta Jadhavpur University, Kolkata D. N. Seth University of Poona, Pune A. R. Shastri

48. History Of Mathematics - Facets Of India : Ancient And Modern
bhaskaracharya Second (1114 AD). Great Hankal has praised a lot bhaskaracharya sChakrawaat Method of solving indeterminate equations of Beezganit (Algebra).
http://www.geocities.com/dipalsarvesh/mathematics.html
If we, the daughters and sons of the Bharata Mata (Mother India), do not help our other sisters and brothers then who else ? Please click here to help the wounded cradle of civilization.
Dear guest, your feedback is very important to us and is more than welcome. Please email or click here to give your feedback. If you are not viewing this page from its parent site, please click here to visit the parent site titled "Facets of India : Ancient and Modern".
Obligatory Note: This matter is created/compiled by Sarvesh Srivastava from various authentic resources for the site titled "Facets of India : Ancient and Modern" . Please feel free to link the page as it is, including this note, but strictly refrain from copying it as it may result in appropriate legal action.
History of Ganit (Mathematics)
Introduction
Ganit (Mathematics) has been considered a very important subject since ancient times. We find very elaborate proof of this in Vedah (which were compiled around 6000 BC). The concept of division, addition et-cetera was used even that time. Concepts of zero and infinite were there. We also find roots of algebra in Vedah. When Indian Beez Ganit reached Arab, they called it Algebra. Algebra was name of the Arabic book that described Indian concepts. This knowledge reached to Europe from there. And thus ancient Indian Beez Ganit is currently referred to as Algebra.

49. Acharya Kanaknandi And Jainism
trigonometry and value of pi (ΒΆ). bhaskaracharya discovered the principleof gravitation 500 years before Newton. He said that earth
http://www.jainkanaknandi.org/speech1.html
WWW.JAINKANAKNANDI.ORG Let Peace Prevail Live and Let Live Introduction Acharya Kanaknandi Jain Philosophy Institution ... Opinions Pic Gallery Contact Us Seminars Future Plans Good Thoughts ... Home
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Web Links Contribute Add a Site Tell a Friend Guest Book INDIA THE LAND OF ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE Just as seed is needed to grow a tree, past civilisation and culture is needed by every country and society, for we make progress by learning from past events and traditions. To study only history is to dig the rotten carcass. Truly, history is that which describes the biography of great people and provides inspiration. We study history for studying the lives of the great people, following the ideals of whom we can make our country the world leader. India was once a world leader because every branch of modern science existed here. There are 72 kinds of skills of art, out of which two are most note-worthy. First is livelihood, which includes business, craft, art, literature, history and Puranas (religious history). Second is salvation of being! I shall briefly describe here how India possessed all spiritual and material knowledge under these 72 skills. First of all I would like to state that just as all suns, moons, planets, stars and universe are located in the sky similarly the entire knowledge and science have originated from omnicients.

50. SourceForge.net Miktex-users
From bhaskaracharya Pratishthana bhaskara_p@vs pdfscreen 200303-31 2143.Hi, Does anybody knows how to use pdfscreen package with miktex 2.2?
http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_id=10537&max_rows=25&style=ne

51. SourceForge.net Miktex-users
http//www.rainerthiel.tk. From bhaskaracharya Pratishthana bhaskara_p@vs Re Inserting .eps file in TeX file 2003-05-30 0515.
http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/forum.php?forum_id=10537&max_rows=25&style=ne

52. Am I A Hindu - Udupipages.com
Years before that an ancient Indian Astronomer, bhaskaracharya wrote in his book,Surya Siddhanta that objects fall on earth due to a force of attraction by
http://www.udupipages.com/book/hindhu.html
Agriculture Art Gallery Banking Beaches ... Youth
"AM I A HINDU?"
[ISBN 1-879904-06-3 Halo Books, USA and Rupa Press, India]
Ed Viswanath, an engineer from Kerala has authored an international best seller on Hinduism by name 'Am I a Hindu?' which has sold millions of copies around the globe... "I wanted my book to be read by every Intelligent Indian, who I think have leadership potential", he says.
This book is one of a kind with 90 chapters and hundreds of questions and answers. It is in the form of thought provoking dialogue between 14-year-old American-born-Indian teenager and his middle-aged father on all aspects of Hinduism. Almost all the papers and magazines in India have written excellent reviews on this book. In USA many magazines [Library Journal, Booklist, etc] have recommended this book for all libraries. At least one community college in California is using this book as a medium of instruction to teach students about Hinduism I happened to write and published this book after an accidental conversation about "world religions" I had with a friend during a very monotonous drive to a Nuclear plant in 1984. I published the very first edition of the book in 1988 in India and now Halo Books, USA and Rupa Press, India published the book simultaneously.
sI actually wrote this book to meet my own personal needs. I never ever saw a book on Hinduism describing every aspects of it in one book and so I wrote one.... I never ever thought people would love my book.... In fact, when I was preparing my manuscript, many told me that with thousands of books on Hinduism written by great saints occupying every bookshelf in India, people will be give very little importance to my book.... Lo and behold! To my total amazement the first edition of book [published in 1988 in India] as sold out in a couple of months.... This book was republished in 1992 in USA to meet the demand of orders from people living all over the west.

53. Pure Cubic
bhaskaracharya (11141185) bhaskaracharya otherwise known as Bhaskara isprobably the most well known mathematician of ancient Indian today.
http://hem.passagen.se/ceem/india.htm
Solving the Pure Cubic There is no evidence that the following method for solving the cube was known earlier than Aryabhata (500 BC). It is stanza 5 of his Aryabhatiya that tells of this method:
One should divide the second aghana by three times the square of the cube roots of the preceeding ghana. The square (of the quotient) multiplied by three times the purva (that part of the cube root already found) is to be subtracted from the first aghana and the cube (of the quotient of the above division) is to be subtracted from the ghana. Certain steps have been left out in Aryabhata's method for calculating the cube root. This may have been due to limitations of the Sanscrit language. It was common at this time to pass on teachings orally, hence, it is understandable that some written methods may be vague. Here is an example of how Aryabhata solved the cube, taken from W.E. Clark: Aryabhatiya (Chicago University Press), 1930. Find the cube of 1860867. Counting from right to left, the first, fourth, seventh and so on places are named ghana(cubic), the second, fifth, eighth and so on are called the first aghana (noncubic), while the third, sixth, ninth places and so on are called the second aghana.
So in this example we start by taking the cube root of 1=1
1-1=0, and you bring down the 8.

54. India
1,200 years before Newton The Law of Gravity was known to the ancient Indianastronomer bhaskaracharya. bhaskaracharya = 365.258756484 days.
http://members.tripod.com/munjuluri/india.htm
var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded"
India, the land of magic Taj Mahal History:
Itihaas
    Chronology of the pre-historic period of India 7000-4000 BC Vedic Age
    3750 BC End of Rig Vedic Age
    3000 BC End of Ramayana-Mahabharat Period
    3000-2000 BC Development of Saraswati-Indus Civilization
    2200-1900 BC Decline of Indus and Saraswati Civilization
    2000-1500 BC Period of Complete chaos and migration
    1400-250 BC Period of evolution of syncretic Hindu culture
Geography:
Neighbours:
Population:
The second most heavily populous country in the world ( after China), India has a population of more than 950 Million. As varied as the geography is, so is the culture in India. There is a religious harmony in India with the Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Christians, Jains etc all living peacfully together. Languages: Hindi, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Dialects 1,652. Government: India is a soverign, socalist, democratic , republic.

55. Proud To Be An Indian !
Nou . bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbitthe sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time
http://members.tripod.com/kameshraja/GreatIndia.html
var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded"
Quotable Quotes Albert Einstein said:
"We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without
which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made." Mark Twain said:
"India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human
speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the
great grandmother of tradition.Our most valuable and most
instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in
India only." French scholar Roman Rolland said:
"If there is one place on the face of earth where all the dreams of
living men have found a home from the very earliest days when man began the dream of existence, it is India." Hu Shih, former Ambassador of China to USA said: "India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without ever having to send a single soldier across her border." Some More Facts: India never invaded any country in her last 10000 years of history. India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.

56. Income Tax India
(i) That the bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Poona, will maintain a separateaccount of the sums received by it for scientific research.
http://incometaxindia.gov.in/Notifications/Incometaxact/1984/505 03021984.asp
About Us Heads of Income Tax Law and Rules International Taxation ... Help Desk Your browser does not support script Search
Notification: S.O.505 Section(s) Referred: 35 ,35(1) ,35(1)(ii) Statute: INCOME TAX Date of Issue: In continuation of this office Notification No. 3778 (F. No. 203/287/80-ITA. II), dated 27th December, 1980, it is hereby notified for general information that the institution mentioned below has been approved by the Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi, the prescribed authority for the purposes of clause (ii) of sub-section (1) of section 35 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, read with rule 6 of the Income-tax Rules, 1962, under the category " Association " in the area of other natural and applied sciences subject to the following conditions : (i) That the Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana, Poona, will maintain a separate account of the sums received by it for scientific research. (ii) That the said association will furnish annual returns of its scientific research activities to the prescribed authority for every financial year in such forms as may be laid down and intimated to them for this purpose by 30th April, each year. (iii) That the said association will submit to the prescribed authority by 30th June, each year, a copy of their audited annual accounts showing their total income and expenditure and balance-sheet showing its assets and liabilities with a copy of each of these documents to the concerned Commissioner of Income-tax. Institution

57. Income Tax India
1. That the bhaskaracharya Pratishthan, Pune, will maintain a separate account ofthe sums received by it for scientific research in the field of natural or
http://incometaxindia.gov.in/Notifications/Incometaxact/1980/1007 27121980.asp
About Us Heads of Income Tax Law and Rules International Taxation ... Help Desk Your browser does not support script Search
Notification: S.O.1007 Section(s) Referred: 35 ,35(1) ,35(1)(ii) Statute: INCOME TAX Date of Issue: It is hereby notified for general information that the institution mentioned below has been approved by the Secretary, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, the prescribed authority for the purposes of clause (ii) of sub-section (1) of section 35 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, read with rule 6(vi) of the Income-tax Rules, 1962, under the category "Association" in the area of other natural or applied sciences, subject to the following conditions :- 1. That the Bhaskaracharya Pratishthan, Pune, will maintain a separate account of the sums received by it for scientific research in the field of natural or applied sciences other than agriculture/animal husbandry/fisheries and medicines. 2. That the said Pratishthan will furnish the annual return of its scientific research activities to the prescribed authority for every financial year in such forms as may be laid down and intimated to them for this purpose, by 30th April, each year. 3. That the said Pratishthan will submit the annual return and statement of accounts to the Commissioner of Income-tax every year by 30th April.

58. Dhaman - The Definitive Guide: Amazing Facts
Measurement of Time. In Surya Siddhanta bhaskaracharya calculates the time takenfor the Earth to orbit the sun to 9 decimal places (365.258756484 days).
http://www.users.totalise.co.uk/~anu/facts.html
The Definitive Guide to Dhaman
Amazing Facts
There are some interesting facts about India which the vast majority of people don't know.
These were taken from the Unserstanding Hinduism booklet available from the magnificent Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Neasden, London, UK. (See below for full contact info). If you have not seen this temple then you are missing one of the wonders of this world.
Below are some amazing facts which unfortunately, most of the credits lie to other non-indians. Please read them and you will be surprised.
Maths
Zero - The Most Powerful Tool
India invented the Zero. Without the zero there would be no binary system and no computers. Counting would be clumsy and cumbersome. The earliest recorded example, an inscription of zero on Sankedha copper plate was found in Gujarat, India in 585 CE.
In Brahman Phuta Siddhanta of brahmagupta (7th Century CE), the zero is lucidly explained and was rendered into Arabic books around 770 CE. From these it was carried to Europe in the 8th century. However the concept of zero is referred to as a Shunya in the early sanskrit text of the 4th century BCE and clearly explained in the Pingala's Chandh Sutra of the 2nd century.

59. .::. .::. Deepa & Sanal's Home Page >> INDIAN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE .::. .::.
forgotten! bhaskaracharya II gave specific details of gravity hundredyears before Newton. Why bhaskaracharya was not recognized?
http://www.sanalnair.org/links/indianheritage.htm
INDIAN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE Home Thinking Page Home
World over renewed interests are observed on ancient Indian scientific and spiritual knowledge. Series of research activities are undertaken by Universities and research institutions in many countries. True search of good, adoptable and useful scientific observations on Indian approaches on all aspects of life are being conducted by scholars. Results of these studies are astounding. Yoga has found a respectable place in the medical curriculum and medical books published even from America. Quantum holistic healing is finding its benefit for many diseases. Vedic mathematics is getting into the school and college syllabus in many countries of Europe and UK. Medicinal plants and Indian alternatives for eco-friendly pesticides are going into large scale production and utilization in developed countries. Vegetarianism is becoming a precious life style. Meditation goes into stress relief in homes and production centres. The crude tribal medicines go for curing even complicated health problems. Effect of mantras are being studies under a new brand name 'psycholingustic effects'.

60. Career Options
Euclid and Ptolemy (EgyptGreece-) to Menelaus, Theon and Serenus (Egypt), LiuHui andTsu Chung-Chih (China) to Aryabhata and bhaskaracharya (India) have
http://www.indiaeducation.info/Careerdetails/mathematics/intro.htm
More Career Options
Please select one Accounting Banking Chartered Accountants Company Secretary Management Public Relations Economics Finance Management CFA Hotel Industry Stock Broking
Introduction
As all of us are aware, mathematics happens to be one of the most ancient sciences of the world. Some of the most famous intellectuals of the world, from Aristotle and Pythagoras (Greece), Euclid and Ptolemy (Egypt-Greece-) to Menelaus, Theon and Serenus (Egypt), Liu Hui andTsu Chung-Chih (China) to Aryabhata and Bhaskaracharya (India) have dabbled in one or more branches or mathematics to fortify their knowledge and hone their mental skills. Mathematics represents a high level of abstraction attained by the human mind. In India, mathematics has its roots in Vedic literature, which is nearly 4000 years old. Between 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D. various treatises on mathematics were compiled in which, the concept of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root were set forth. The rudiments of geometry, called Rekha-Ganita in ancient India, were formulated and applied in the drafting of Mandalas for architectural purposes. They were also displayed in the geometric patterns used in many temple motifs.

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