61. Bhaskaracharya Bhaskaracharya ii(11141185). Bhaskaracharya otherwise known as Bhaskarais probably the most well known mathematician of ancient Indian today. http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/India/12thCenturyAD/Bhaskara.html

Bhaskaracharya II(1114-1185) Bhaskaracharya otherwise known as Bhaskara is probably the most well known mathematician of ancient Indian today. Bhaskara was born in 1114 A.D. according to a statement he recorded in one of his own works. He was from Bijjada Bida near the Sahyadri mountains. Bijjada Bida is thought to be present day Bijapur in Mysore state. Bhaskara wrote his famous Siddhanta Siroman in the year 1150 A.D. It is divided into four parts; Lilavati (arithmetic), Bijaganita (algebra), Goladhyaya (celestial globe), and Grahaganita (mathematics of the planets). Much of Bhaskara's work in the Lilavati and Bijaganita was derived from earlier mathematicians; hence it is not surprising that Bhaskara is best in dealing with indeterminate analysis . In connection with the Pell equation, x^2=1+61y^2, nearly solved by Brahmagupta , Bhaskara gave a method ( Chakravala process ) for solving the equation. Picture of Goladhyaya. Bhaskara was somewhat of a poet as were many Indian mathematicians at this time. Here is couple of verse found in Lilavati that demonstrates his poetic inclination.

62. AllIndianSite.com - Dr.Kasturirangan - It's All About Great People 197983 Project Director-bhaskara-ii, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore. 1976-80Project Director-bhaskara-I, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore. http://profiles.allindiansite.com/kasturi.html

Entertainment Hindi Reviews Hindi Previews Telugu Reviews Telugu Previews ... Picture Gallery Others Baby Care Beauty Care E-Greetings Games ... Yoga Dr.Kasturirangan Scientist Dr.Kasturirangan : "Scientist" Scientists deserve a big hand. They are the pillars of the modern India. One of such great person is Dr. Kasturirangan Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization, of Space Commission and Secretary to the Government of India in the Department of Space. PROFILES Select from the menu Mother Teresa..Angel of mercy Bollywood..Juhi Chawala Bollywood..Lara Dutta Singer..Alisha Chinoy PM..Indira Gandhi Scientist..Dr. Kasturirangan Politician..Bal Thackeray Sportsman..Leander Paes Politician..Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Super Cop..Kanwar Pal Singh Gill Sportsman..Kapildev Ramlal Nikhanj Scientist..Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Entrepreneur..Dhirubhai Ambani Date of birth : October 24, 1940, Ernakulam (Kerala), India Qualifications: B.Sc. with Honours (Physics), 1961, Bombay University M.Sc. (Physics), 1963, Bombay University with specialization in Electronics Under his leadership, as Chairman, ISRO, the space programme has witnessed several major milestones including the successful launching and operationalisation of the India's prestigious launch vehicle, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and more recently, the first successful flight testing of the all important Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). Further, he has also overseen the design, development and launching of the world's best civilian satellites, IRS-1C and 1D, realization of the second generation and initiation of third generation INSAT satellites, besides launching ocean observation satellites IRS-P3/P4. These efforts have put India as a pre-eminent space-faring nation among the handful of six countries that have major space programmes.

63. Indian National Science Academy Publication Chatterjee Part I Sanskrit Text. An important Astronomical work in theprebhaskara (ii) Period (1981) 280 pp. Rs.45/= US $.15/= Part http://www.insaindia.org/Publication/historypubli.htm

Home FAQ's Site Map Feedback ... Contact Us Publications of History Of Science In India * Caraka Samhita : A Scientific Synopsis P Ray and H N Gupta (Rev. Ed.) (1980) 124 pp. A scientifically classified accounts of the contents of Caraka Samhita, the medical treatise of ancient India. Rs.30/= US $ 10/= * A Bibliography of Sanskrit Works in Astronomy and Mathematics S N Sen with the research assistance of A K Bag and S R Sarma (1966) 258 pp. A bibliography of source materials indispensable for the study of history of astronomy and mathematics in ancient and medieval India. Rs.20/= US $ 5/= Jahangir : The Naturalist M A Alvi and A Rahman (1967) 140 pp. A study of Jahangir's scientific interests in the fields of animals and plants and also in chemical technology, medicine and astronomy. Rs.60/= US $ 20/= (PB) Rs.75/= US $ 25/= (HB) * Fatullah Shirazi M A Alvi and A Rahman (1968) 37 pp. A study of a sixteenth century Indian scientist of remarkable varsatility. Rs.2.50 US $ 0.33 Susruta Samhita : A Scientific Synopsis P Ray, H N Gupta and M Ray (1980) 459pp. The work gives a classified account in two parts, the first dealing with theories and practices of surgical treatment, and the second a classified account on living creatures, medicinal plant and animal substances of vegetable and mineral origin, medicinal and surgical terms, appliances and intruments, weights and measures etc.

64. Scientific Achievements Of India When was bhaskaraii launched? bhaskara-ii, an earth observation satellite,was launched on November 20, 1981, from the Soviet Union. http://www.mckinnonsc.vic.edu.au/projects/asia/asiaunits/india/India-ScientificA

Scientific Achievements of India Which was India's first satellite? Aryabhatta was India's first satellite. It was launched on April 19, 1975, from the Soviet Union. It weighed 360 Kg and was 16cm high with 26 faces. Its objective was to conduct experiments in X-rays, astronomy and physics. When was Bhaskara launched? Bhaskara India's second satellite, was launched on 7 June, 1979, from the Soviet Union. When was Bhaskara-II launched? Bhaskara-II , an earth observation satellite, was launched on November 20, 1981, from the Soviet Union. What do you know about INSAT-1A? INSAT-1A was India's first operational multipurpose and unique domestic satellite. It was meant to enhance the communicational, meteorological and television relay and radio broadcasting capabilities. It was launched on April 10, 1982, from Cape Canaveral (U.S.A.). When was INSAT-1B launched? India's multipurpose domestic satellite, INSAT-1B , was launched on August 30, 1983, by space shuttle. It is functioning successfully even today. (Thanks to the observant reader who noticed that the "1883" date originally posted was possibly inaccurate!) Which was the first satellite-launch-vehicle of India?

65. Empirical Analysis Of Passive Microwave Observations From Bbaskara-II SAMIR And temperature measurements at 19, 22 and 31 GHz over tropical oceans from the SatelliteMicrowave Radiometer (SAMIR) system onboard the bhaskaraii satellite. http://ams.allenpress.com/amsonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=1520-0450&volume=

66. ISRO Success Stories an endto-end experimental satellite remote sensing programme. bhaskara-Iwas launched in 1979 followed by bhaskara-ii in 1981. http://www.flonnet.com/fl1809/18090180.htm

Volume 18 - Issue 09, Apr. 28 - May 11, 2001 India's National Magazine from the publishers of THE HINDU Table of Contents COVER STORY ISRO success stories The launch of the GSLV marks the beginning of a significant phase in launch vehicle technology development for the Indian Space Research Organisation, which already has an impressive record in the field of sophisticated satellite technology. R. RAMACHANDRAN FROM building the first experimental satellite Aryabhata in 1975 to the world class operational Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series on the one hand and the third generation communication satellite INSAT-3 on the other, is indeed an impressive track record by any standards for the 30-year-old Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It could well be argued that the development of launch vehicle technology, which began in the mid-1960s, has not achieved the same degree of success. Indeed, many, both within the organisation and without, believe that the launch vehicle front did not receive the same kind of focus as satellite development did, particularly after Satish Dhawan retired from ISRO in 1984. At a time when ISRO's launch vehicle development has reached an important phase with the launch of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, it would be appropriate to put satellite technology development also in perspective. At the launch of the first Rohini-75 rocket at Thumba, 1969.

67. Introduction 1981). bhaskaraii launched (November 20, 1981). 1982 INSAT-1A launched(April 10, 1982). Deactivated on September 6, 1982. 1983 http://www.isro.org/rep2002/Links/Milestones.htm

CONTENTS Introduction Organisation Geostationary Satellite Services Earth Observations System ... Acronyms Milestones Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) formed by the Department of Atomic Energy and work on establishing Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) started. First sounding rocket launched from TERLS (November 21, 1963). Satellite Telecommunication Earth Station set up at Ahmedabad. TERLS dedicated to the United Nations (February 2, 1968). Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) formed under Department of Atomic Energy (August 15, 1969). Space Commission and Department of Space set up. ISRO brought under DOS (June 1, 1972). Air-borne remote sensing experiments. ISRO becomes Government Organisation (April 1, 1975). First Indian Satellite, Aryabhata, launched (April 19, 1975). Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) conducted. Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project (STEP) carried out. Bhaskara-I, an experimental satellite for earth observations, launched (June 7, 1979).

68. ISRO'S Milestones 1981, bhaskaraii launched (November 20, 1981). APPLE, an experimental geo-stationarycommunication satellite successfully launched (June 19, 1981). http://www.isro.org/mileston.htm

Milestones ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C5, successfully launched RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) satellite from Sriharikota(October 17, 2003). Successful launch of INSAT-3E by Ariane from Kourou French Guyana, (September 28, 2003). The Second developmental launch of GSLV-D2 with GSAT-2 on board from Sriharikota (May 8, 2003). Successful launch of INSAT-3A by Ariane from Kourou French Guyana, (April 10, 2003). ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C4, successfully launched KALPANA-1 satellite from Sriharikota(September 12, 2002). Successful launch of INSAT-3C by Ariane from Kourou French Guyana, (January 24, 2002). ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C3, successfully launched three satellites Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) of ISRO, BIRD of Germany and PROBA of Belgium - into their intended orbits (October 22, 2001). The first developmental launch of GSLV-D1 with GSAT-1 on board from Sriharikota (April 18, 2001) INSAT-3B, the first satellite in the third generation INSAT-3 series, launched by Ariane from Kourou French Guyana

69. A Tentative Time Table For PORSEC 2000 (5 - 8 December 2000) Poster session ii. (78 Dec). Date. Hall bhaskara. Hall Raman. Hall Sarabhai.Hall Bhabha. Poster session ii. (7-8 Dec). 1030-1045. (15 min). Tea Break. http://members.tripod.com/~PORSEC2000/Timetable.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Back A tentative time table for PORSEC 2000 (5 - 8 December 2000) Date Time Poster session 5 Dec (1 hr 15 min) Opening Ceremony (40 min) National presentation - India Tea Break (1 hr 30 min) Plenary Session- A Speakers – John Marra, NASA, USA Tasuku Tanaka, NASDA, Japan Stephen Briggs, ESA, Europe (1 hr) Lunch Break Hall Bhaskara Hall Raman Hall Sarabhai Hall Bhabha (1 hr 30 min) Ocean Colour - I Synthetic aperture radar – I Remote Sensing of fishery resources and marine environment. – I Measurement of Ocean currents,winds and waves using space borne altimeters - I Poster Session I (5-6 Dec) (15 min) Tea Break (1 hr 30 min) Ocean Colour - II Synthetic aperture radar - II Remote sensing of fishery resources and marine environment.- II Measurement of Ocean currents, winds and waves using space borne altimetres – II Poster session I (5-6 Dec) 6 Dec (1 hr 30 min) Plenary Session – B Speakers – Dr. Peter Worcester, USA Prof. Robert Evans, USA

70. Space Today Online - Spacefaring India - History In Space 1981, bhaskaraii launched (November 20, 1981) APPLE, an experimental geo-stationarycommunication satellite successfully launched (June 19, 1981) http://www.spacetoday.org/India/IndiaSpaceTimeline.html

India in Space Indian Space History Indian Rockets Indian Satellites India in Space Indian Space History Indian Rockets Indian Satellites ... E-mail

71. MILESTONES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM 31 May 1981, Rohini, SLV3. 19 June 1981, APPLE, Ariane 1. 20 November 1981,bhaskara-ii, Kosmos. 10 April 1982, INSAT 1A, Delta 3914. 17 April 1983, Rohini,SLV-3. http://www.geocities.com/hari_ghk/milestones.htm

MILESTONES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAM Launch Date Spacecraft Launcher 21 November 1963 Nike-Apache 21 February 1969 Pencil Rocket 19 April 1975 Aryabhata Kosmos (USSR) 7 June 1979 Bhaskara Kosmos (USSR) 10 August 1979 Rohini SLV-3 18 July 1980 Rohini SLV-3 31 May 1981 Rohini SLV-3 19 June 1981 APPLE Ariane 1 20 November 1981 Bhaskara-II Kosmos 10 April 1982 INSAT 1A Delta 3914 17 April 1983 Rohini SLV-3 30 August 1983 INSAT 1B Shuttle STS 8 8/31/83 24 March 1987 SROSS A ASLV - D1 March 17, 1988 IRS - 1A Vostok 8A92M (USSR) 13 July 1988 SROSS B ASLV - D2 22 July 1988 INSAT 1C Ariane 2/3 12 June 1990 INSAT 1D Delta 4920 29 August 1991 IRS - 1B Vostok 8A92M (USSR) 20 May 1992 SROSS C ASLV - D3 10 July 1992 INSAT 2A Ariane 44L 23 July 1993 INSAT 2B Ariane 44L 20 September 1993 IRS 1E PSLV D1 4 May 1994 SROSS C2 ASLV - D4 15 October 1994 IRS P2 PSLV D2 7 December 1995 INSAT 2C Ariane 44L 21 March 1996 IRS P3 PSLV D3 4 June 1997 INSAT 2D Ariane 44L 29 September 1997 IRS 1D PSLV C1 2 April 1999 INSAT 2E Ariane 42P 26 May 1999 IRS P4, Tubsat, Kitsat PSLV C2 22 March 2000 INSAT 3B Ariane 5 22 October 2001 TES, PROBA, BIRD

72. Biografisk Register Translate this page 1748) Bernstein, Felix (1878-1956) Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois (1822-1900) BharatiKrsna Tirthaji, Sri (1884-1960) bhaskara (ii) (1114-85) Bierbach, Ludwig http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/3736/biografi.htm

Biografisk register Matematikerne er ordnet alfabetisk på bakgrunn av etternavn. Linker angir at personen har en egen artikkel her. Fødsels- og dødsår oppgis der dette har vært tilgjengelig. Abel, Niels Henrik Abu Kamil (ca. 850-930) Ackermann, Wilhelm (1896-1962) Adelard fra Bath (1075-1160) Agnesi, Maria G. (1718-99) al-Karaji (rundt 1000) al-Khwarizmi, Abu Abd-Allah Ibn Musa (ca. 790-850) Anaximander (610-547 f.Kr.) Apollonis fra Perga (ca. 262-190 f.Kr.) Appel, Kenneth Archytas fra Taras (ca. 428-350 f.Kr.) Argand, Jean Robert (1768-1822) Aristoteles (384-322 f.Kr.) Arkimedes (287-212 f.Kr.) Arnauld, Antoine (1612-94) Aryabhata (476-550) Aschbacher, Michael Babbage, Charles (1792-1871) Bachmann, Paul Gustav (1837-1920) Bacon, Francis (1561-1626) Baker, Alan (1939-) Ball, Walter W. R. (1892-1945) Banach, Stéfan (1892-1945) Banneker, Benjamin Berkeley, George (1658-1753) Bernoulli, Jacques (1654-1705) Bernoulli, Jean (1667-1748) Bernstein, Felix (1878-1956) Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois (1822-1900) Bharati Krsna Tirthaji, Sri (1884-1960)

73. :: Algosobre Vestibular :: Translate this page Mostraremos agora como usar a fórmula de bhaskara para resolver a equaçãox 2 - 5 x + 6 = 0. I. Identificar os coeficientes. a = 1 , b = -5 , c = 6. ii. http://www.algosobre.com.br/ler.asp?conteudo=413&Titulo=Equações Algébr

74. Indian Space Program By Subhajit Ghosh bhaskaraI was the second Indian satellite bhaskara-ii the third which were launchedfrom the same soviet cosmodrome mainly for observations on the earth. http://www.boloji.com/computing/012.htm

Phone Cards Kodak Prints Send Flowers! Home ... Share This Page! I ndian Space Program At the outset, one might ask "what is a satellite?." A satellite is an object that revolves round a planet. For a successful orbiting around the earth, it's essential for a satellite to attain a speed of about 20,000 kms per hour. Satellites are launched by very powerful rockets. From a historical perspective, the first Indian satellite was Aryabhata, which was launched by a soviet rocket on 19th April 1975. This was launched from a cosmodrome near Moscow. It was designed and built by Indian scientists and engineers of Indian Space Research Organization. Orders and instructions were transmitted to the experimental 360 kg satellite Aryabhata from the control station at Sriharikota. APPLE, which is an abbreviation of Ariane Passengers Payload Experiment, was India's first geostationary telecommunication satellite. It was shot into orbit on June 19, 1981 by European Space Agency's Ariane rocket from Kourou in French Guyana.

75. K Kasturirangan Project Directorbhaskara-I, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore; 1976-80 Project Director-bhaskara-ii,ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore; 1979-83 Project Director http://www.iisc.ernet.in/nias/kkpro.htm

K Kasturirangan Director National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Bangalore 560012 India Telephone Fax Telex 0845-8349 IISC IN Email: krangan@nias.iisc.ernet.in Qualifications Gujarat 1971 Career Project Director-Bhaskara-I, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore; 1976-80 Project Director-Bhaskara-II, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore; 1979-83 Project Director IRS-1A, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore; 1980-89 Director, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, 1990-March 94 Chairman, Space Commission/Secretary, Department of Space, Govt. of India and Chairman, ISRO, Bangalore; April 1994-August 2003 Special Positions Honorary Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore; 1995- Honorary Professor, S V Univeristy, Tirupati; 1995- Honorary Professor, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; 1997- Honorary Patron of the South Indian Education Society, Mumbai, 2001- Honours and Distinctions Member of the International Astronomical Union 1982- Member of the International Academy of Astronautics 1985- Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences; 1996-

76. Wednesday Discussion Meetings A brief survey of the development of astronomy in India through the vedanga Jyothisya,Aryabhata, bhaskaraI, Brahmagupta, bhaskara-ii, Ganesh Daivajna and the http://www.iisc.ernet.in/nias/wlec.htm

Wednesday Discussion Meetings For details of Wednesday Discussion Meeting please contact the Co-ordinator, Dr Sangeetha Menon at smenon@nias.iisc.ernet.in Time: Venue: NIAS Lecture Hall 12 May 2004 Speaker: Prof. Prabhakar G Vaidya pgvaidya@nias.iisc.ernet.in Topic: The Hopes, Dreams and Delusions of the Mathematical Modelling Unit at NIAS, IISc Campus Abstract: There is a fond hope, expressed by J.R.D, Tata and others that Mathematics can play the role of the 'best supporting actor' in a wide range of subjects from Politics to Biology. At the minimum, Maynard Smith claimed, that Mathematics will help us understand the 'consequences of our assumptions'.It is my suspicion that these sort of hopes led to the dream in the mind of Professor Narasimha. What has happened to the dream? This talk will begin by describing, without too many Mathematical details, the achievements and failures experienced by the Mathematical Modelling Unit in the last five years. I would discuss what possible avenues lie ahead and seek a feed back from, a wide range of audience. It is hoped that at least

77. Matemática Do Científico E Do Vestibular Translate this page Há quase 10 anos na FUVEST ii. Aplicando a conhecida fórmula atribuída a bhaskara(matemático hindu do século Xii), vem Então y’ = 3 ey’’ = - 4 http://www.terra.com.br/matematica/arq14-10.htm

Há quase 10 anos na FUVEST II FUVEST 1994 – 1ª FASE – O número real x que satisfaz a equação log x A) log B) log C) 2 D) log E) log Solução: Já sabemos dos logaritmos que: Se log b M = c então b c = M No presente exercício, como log x ) = 2x então 2 x com a condição que 12 – 2 x seja positivo e 2x também positivo. Observe que podemos escrever a igualdade anterior como: x x Aqui vemos que 2 x aparece nos dois membros da equação; Fazendo 2 x = y (chamamos isto de mudança de variável) , teremos: y = 12 – y Trata-se de uma equação do segundo grau em y. Teremos: y + y – 12 = uma equação da forma ax + bx + c = onde a= 1, b =1 e c = -12. Aplicando a conhecida fórmula atribuída a Bhaskara (matemático hindu do século XII), vem: Então y’ = 3 e y’’ = - 4. Observe que a raiz y’’ = - 4 não serve ao problema pois como y = 2 x , y deve ser positivo. Logo, como y = 3, vem que 2 x = 3 de onde se conclui inevitavelmente que x = log , o que nos leva à alternativa E. Nota: segundo os historiadores da Matemática, a fórmula de Bhaskara era conhecida há 100 anos antes de Bhaskara , descoberta por Shidara, outro matemático hindu. Ninguém entretanto diz: a fórmula de Shidara. Por que?

78. Press Information Bureau 1981. APPLE, an experimental geo-stationary communication satellitesuccessfully launched. -bhaskara-ii launched (November). 1982. http://pib.myiris.com/facts/article.php3?fl=D3505

79. Bhaskara Em Detalhes Translate this page procedimentos de resolução da equação de 2º grau que nos levaram à fórmulade bhaskara. x + 3podemos afirmar que (x + 3) 2 = 36, ou seja x+ 3 = 6 (ii). http://sites.uol.com.br/mscabral/mauro/curioso/bhaskara.htm

VOLTAR Bhaskara em detalhes ax + bx + c = x + 6x = 27, que podemos decompor em: x + 3x + 3x = 27 (I) x x e x x , e conforme (I), temos x Observe na figura em que formamos um quadrado de lado x + 3 Como o lado deste quadrado mede x + 3 podemos afirmar que: (x + 3) = 36, ou seja x+ 3 = 6 (II) Resolvendo (II) temos que x = 3 ax + bx + c = (III) "a" x ax /a + bx/a + c/a = ou seja x + b/a x + c/a = Temos que completar o quadrado com o duplo produto (os dois outros quadrados da figura), que podemos representar como: b/a x = 2x b/2a Como x b/2a x + 2x.b/2a + c/a = (b/2a) x + 2x.b/2a + (b/2a) + c/a = (b/2a) Explicitando melhor o quadrado construido, temos que: (x + b/2a) + c/a = (b/2a) ou ainda (x + b/2a) = (b/2a) - c/a = b - c/a ou seja (x + b/2a) = (b Extraindo a raiz quadrada, temos que: ou ainda ou, finalmente ou seja, x = -9 e x = 3 Se você tiver alguma curiosidade matemática, e que ache ser interessante envie-me , e publicarei neste site a sua contribuição identificada VOLTAR

80. India And Space Research launched. November 20, 1981 – bhaskaraii launched April 10, 1982– INSAT – 1A launched. Deactivated on September 6, 1982. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/4-3-2004-52488.asp

Home Web Directory What's the Buzz? Escape Hatch ... Free Email Monday, May 31, 2004 7:47:55 AM DIRECTORY Science and Technology Agriculture Archaeology Associations and Organizations Astronomy and Space Exploration ... Word game Chapter Quicklink What's the Buzz Escape Hatch: Open Mic India and Space Research Just take a look, how a developing country like India changed its reputation in International scenario by its consistent efforts. You can find here the chronology of Indian Space Programme. By Dhananjay Kulkarni, 4/4/2004 "There are some who question the relevance of space research in a developing nation. To us there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with economically developed nations in the exploration of moon or planets of manned space flight. But we are convinced that that if we are to play a national role meaningfully, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man society." – Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. The father of Indian space program in these immortal words summed up the need for India’s space program and on 15th August 1969, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was formed under his leadership.

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