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         Ben Gerson Levi:     more detail
  1. The Astronomy of Levi ben Gerson (1288-1344): A Critical Edition of Chapters 1-20 with Translation and Commentary (Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences) by Bernard R. Goldstein, 1985-07-15
  2. The Astronomical Tables of Levi Ben Gerson (Connecticut Academy of Arts & Sciences Series, Vol 45) by Bernard R. Goldstein, 1974-06
  3. Philosophie religieuse de Lévi-Ben-Gerson (French Edition) by Isidore. Weil, 1868-01-01
  4. Astronomy of Levi Ben Gerson, 1288-1344
  5. Levi Ben Gerson's Prognostication for the Conjunction of 1345 (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society) by Bernard R. Goldstein, David Pingree, 1990-11
  6. Preliminary remarks on Levi ben Gerson's contributions to astronomy, (Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Proceedings) by Bernard R Goldstein, 1969
  7. R. Levi Ben Gerson: A bibliographical essay by Menachem Marc Kellner, 1979
  8. Introduction to the History of Science. Volume 3, Science and Learning in the Fourteenth Century. Part I, The Time of Abu-l-Fida, Levi ben Gerson, and William of Occam (First half of the fourteenth century) by G. Sarton, 1962
  9. Sefer Maassei Choscheb. Die Praxis des Rechners. Ein hebraisch-arithmetisches Werk des Levi Ben Gerschom aus dem jahre 1321. by Gerson (ed.). Levi ben Gershom [GERSONIDES]; LANGE, 1909-01-01

61. The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR) By Milo Gardner
More recently, Victor Katz in his _A History of Mathematics_, pp 278 ff, describes induction as it was used by levi ben gerson in 1321, well before
http://mathforum.org/epigone/math-history-list/clunkhecrerd
The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR) by Milo Gardner
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Subject: The Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR) Author: gardnerm@gaia.ecs.csus.edu Date: The Math Forum

62. Math 300 Guidelines For Papers
ibn Qurra Gerbert d Aurillac Ibn alHaytham Mohammad al-Biruni Omar Khayyam Nasiral-Din al-Tusi Leonardo of Pisa Qin Jiushao levi ben gerson Nicole Oresme
http://cerebro.cs.xu.edu/math/math300/02s/papers.html
Math 300 Great Moments in Mathematics
Spring 2002
Guidelines for papers
You will prepare two research papers for this course:
  • a biographical paper, due February 21 , that relates the mathematical career of a noted historical figure born before 1700; and a paper due April 18 that performs a critical reading of an original source of importance in the history of mathematics.
Your biographical paper should conform to the following guidelines, listed in order of importance, and will be evaluated against them:
  • The paper should present a comprehensively researched discussion of the life history of your chosen mathematician; this person's significant mathematical accomplishments must be thoroughly discussed. (35%) It should be presented in a clear and coherent writing style , using correct spelling, proper pronunciation and good grammar. (25%) It should contain a bibliography with at least three sources including at least three print-published (not Web) sources, it should make appropriate use of direct quotations , and should include in-text citations (as either footnotes or endnotes). (25%)

63. Science News Online - Ivars Peterson's MathLand - 1/18/97
The basic formulas for finding permutations and combinations can befound in the writings of levi ben gerson (12881344). There s
http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc97/1_18_97/mathland.htm
Fragments of the Past
The early history of mathematics is like a jigsaw puzzle missing many of its pieces. Historians and mathematicians have been painstakingly filling in the blanks, gradually constructing a richer, more complete story of how and where mathematical thought originated and spread. One period of considerable interest is that between the decline of Greek mathematics, which coincided with the collapse of the western Roman Empire in the fifth century, and the rise of European mathematics in the 15th century. Mathematics professor Morris Kline of New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences expressed a common view of that period in his 1972 book Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times . "The Arabs made no significant advance in mathematics," he wrote. "What they did was absorb Greek and Hindu mathematics, preserve it, and ultimately, … transmit it to Europe." In other words, Islamic scholars did little more than put Greek mathematics into cold storage until Europe was ready to accept it. Historian George G. Joseph challenged that view in his provocative book

64. Table Of Contents
Translate this page HEADWORD, levi, leviten, 282. . HEADWORD, levi ben Abraham ben Chajjim, 294.. HEADWORD, levi ben gerson, 295. . HEADWORD, Lewald (Johann Karl August), 305..
http://134.76.163.65/agora_docs/210732TABLE_OF_CONTENTS.html
Leibeigenschaft - Ligatur
Bibliographic description for this electronic document

This is volume Sect 2 Th 43 of Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste

PREPAGE TITLE PAGE HEADWORD Leibeigenschaft HEADWORD ...
Browsing list

65. Islamic Philosophy: Transmission Into Western Europe
several scholars in the south of France, Catalonia and Italy, including Moses ibnTibbon, Shem Tov Ibn Falaquera, levi ben gerson (see gersonides) and Moses of
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H056.htm
Islamic philosophy: transmission into Western Europe
  • Early translations: twelfth century Thirteenth-century translations The contribution of Jewish scholars The beginnings of Arabic scholarship
  • 1. Early translations: twelfth century
    Some seventy works were translated from Arabic by Gerard of Cremona , nicknamed 'the Master' ( dictus magister ), at the cathedral of Toledo. These included Aristotle's Posterior Analytics Physics On Generation and Corruption and Meteorology I-III (see Aristotle ), as well as four short tracts on natural science by Alexander of Aphrodisias . To these originally Greek works, Gerard added four philosophical letters of al-Kindi , a letter on proof by the Ikhwan al-Safa' and al-Farabi's Kitab ihsa' al-'ulum (On the Classification of the Sciences) (see al-Farabi Also at this time, the importance of the al-Shifa' (Healing) of Avicenna (Ibn Sina) was brought to the notice of Archbishop John of Toledo by a Jewish scholar called 'Avendauth' (perhaps the same as Abraham Ibn Daud , the author of al-'Aqida al-rafi'a (The Exalted Faith) ). Portions of the text, including those on universals, physics (in part), the soul and metaphysics, were translated by Avendauth, Dominicus Gundissalinus (an archdeacon in the cathedral

    66. History Of Astronomy: Persons (G)
    astronomy); Links to WWW sources. gersonides see levi ben gerson (12881344);Getaldic Ghetaldi, Marin Marino (1568-1626) Biographical
    http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_g.html
    History of Astronomy Persons
    History of Astronomy: Persons (G)
    Deutsche Fassung

    67. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On May 29, 2000
    Joseph (18111877) Very short biography. levi ben gerson gersonides(1288-1344) Very short biography. levi-Civita, Tullio (1873
    http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new000529.html
    History of Astronomy What's new
    History of Astronomy:
    What's new at this site on May 29, 2000
    Some URLs have been updated.
    Welcome / About
    History of astronomy

    68. A Fase Da Decadência
    Translate this page Não foi outro senão Rabi levi ben gerson, Ralbag, e não há mais dúvidasque a viagem de Colombo só foi possível graças aos astrônomos judeus.
    http://www.tryte.com.br/judaismo/colecao/br/livro3/livro3cap11.php

    Coleção Judaísmo

    Breve História da Literatura Judaica

    A F ASE DA D ECADêNCIA
    ISAÍAS RAFFALOVITCH
    Mas mesmo então encontramos alguns judeus que, embora talmudistas, tiveram grandes conhecimentos da cultura leiga da sua época como, por exemplo, o Rabi Tam e o Rabi Moisés Nahmânides, que era médico, comendador, autor religioso e cabalista. Outros judeus distinguiram-se no campo da matemática e de outras ciências (o quadrante, o globo e o relógio do sol foram inventados pelos judeus). Diz-se que Ibn Ezra foi o primeiro que dividiu o globo terrestre em partes, por meio do equador. Sabe-se que Leon de Bonclas inventou o telescópio, tornando assim possível a navegação durante a noite pela observação das estrelas. Quem foi esse Leon? Não foi outro senão Rabi Levi ben Gerson, Ralbag, e não há mais dúvidas que a viagem de Colombo só foi possível graças aos astrônomos judeus. No século XIV, a literatura judaica entrou numa fase de decadência. As condições terríveis que impunham à vida dos judeus reagiram sobre o espírito, tornando-se manifesta a sua tendência de se retirarem do domínio da pesquisa livre. Contudo, até nesse período de trevas podemos apontar luminares no campo da literatura e da filosofia. Iudá Alharisi escreveu uma belíssima coleção de poemas sob o nome de Tahkemoni, uma das obras primas da produção medieval. Iedidia Bedrachi ganhou fama com o seu Exame do Mundo , traduzido para muitas línguas, inclusive para o inglês. Levi, o filho de Guershom - Gersônides - notável astrônomo do século XIV, cujos trabalhos sobre astronomia, escritos em hebraico, foram traduzidos para o latim pelo papa Clemente VI, escreveu uma famosa obra filosófica:

    69. Full Alphabetical Index
    Translate this page de (316) Beg, Ulugh (1219*) Bell, Eric Temple (296*) Bellavitis, Giusto (93) Beltrami,Eugenio (158*) ben Ezra, Abraham (552) ben gerson, levi (268) ben Tibbon
    http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/alphalist.htm
    Full Alphabetical Index
    The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait.
    A
    Abbe , Ernst (602*)
    Abel
    , Niels Henrik (2899*)
    Abraham
    bar Hiyya (641)
    Abraham, Max

    Abu Kamil
    Shuja (1012)
    Abu Jafar

    Abu'l-Wafa
    al-Buzjani (1115)
    Ackermann
    , Wilhelm (205)
    Adams, John Couch

    Adams, J Frank

    Adelard
    of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (12)

    70. 1183-1184 (Nordisk Familjebok / 1800-talsutgåvan. 9. Kristendomen - Lloyd)
    en gång. (skillnad) (historik) 1183 levi ben gersonLewis. 1184 leviben gerson. Se Ger sonide s. levide. Se Levede. levin, Israel
    http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nfai/0598.html
    Nordisk familjebok 1800-talsutgåvan. 9. Kristendomen - Lloyd
    (1885) Tema: Reference
    Table of Contents / Innehåll
    Project Runeberg Catalog ... Print (PDF) On this page / på denna sida - Lewenhaupt ...
    Below is the raw OCR text from the above scanned image. Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
    Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan. Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
    This page has been proofread at least once (diff) (history)
    Denna sida har korrekturlästs minst en gång (skillnad) (historik)
    Project Runeberg, Sat May 15 18:55:27 2004 (aronsson) (diff) (history)
    http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nfai/0598.html

    71. 315-316 (Nordisk Familjebok / Uggleupplagan. 16. Lee - Luvua)
    paradiset. Jfr Behemo t. l o. 2. G. Kn. levi ben gerson. Se gersonides.levico, stad i södra Tyrolen i Val Sugana. 4,479 inv. (1900).
    http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nfbp/0178.html
    Nordisk familjebok Uggleupplagan. 16. Lee - Luvua
    (1912) Tema: Reference
    Table of Contents / Innehåll
    Project Runeberg Catalog ... Print (PDF) On this page / på denna sida - Lewetzau ...
    Below is the raw OCR text from the above scanned image. Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!
    Här nedan syns maskintolkade texten från faksimilbilden ovan. Ser du något fel? Korrekturläs sidan nu!
    This page has never been proofread. / Denna sida har aldrig korrekturlästs.
    Project Runeberg, Sat May 15 18:57:43 2004 (aronsson)
    http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nfbp/0178.html

    72. UBC Library - MARION
    levi ben gerson, 12881344. See levi ben Gershom, 1288-1344. levi, benjaminH. (benjamin Horowitz), 1961- (1 title); levi Bianchi, Fulvia.
    http://dra.library.ubc.ca/MARION/auth?fmt_limit=&lng_limit=&index=A&key=Levi, An

    73. Lunar Republic : Craters
    81. levi ben gerson (12881344), French-born Jewish philosopher, mathematicianand astronomer; invented Jacob s Staff, an instrument to measure the angular
    http://www.lunarrepublic.com/gazetteer/crater_r.shtml
    Craters (R)
    Craters A B C D ... Return To Gazetteer Index Latin Name Lat Long Diam Origin Rabbi Levi Levi ben Gerson (1288-1344), French-born Jewish philosopher, mathematician and astronomer; invented Jacob's Staff, an instrument to measure the angular distance between celestial objects. Racah Giulio ~ (1909-1965), Italian-Israeli physicist. Racine Jean-Baptiste ~ (1639-1699), French classical playwright. Raimond J. J. ~, Jr. (1903-1961), Dutch astronomer. Raman Chandrasekhra Venkata ~ (1888-1970), Indian physicist; in 1930, he became the first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in science (physics). Ramsay Sir William ~ (1852-1916), Scottish chemist; awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry (1904). Ramsden Jesse ~ (1735-1800), British inventor; perfected early sextants and barometers; devised the first satisfactory screw-cutting lathes at dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Rankine William John Macquorn ~ (1820-1872), Scottish inventor, civil engineer, poet and molecular physicist. Raspletin Aleksandr Andreyevich ~ (1908-1967), Soviet radio and electronics engineer.

    74. Philosophische Buecherei - Philosophen G
    Translate this page Georg von Trapezunt (1395-1472/1473). Gerbert von Aurillac (ca. 950-1003). Jeangerson (Johannes gersonius) (1363-1429). levi ben gerson (gersonides) (gest.
    http://buecherei.philo.at/philg.htm
    zum Inhaltsverzeichnis (Home) Philosophen
    Philosophinnen: G ... besondere Empfehlung
    D ... deutschsprachige Seite
    ... neu aufgenommene Seite Salomo ben Jehuda ibn Gabirol (Avicebron, Avencebrol) (ca. 1020-1058 od. ca. 1070) Hans Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
  • D Gadamer Homepage (Etsuro Makita) D Philosophie Hans-Georg Gadamer ist tot (Spiegel online, 14.3.2002)
    Nachruf auf Hans Georg Gadamer The Hans Georg Gadamer Homepage (Kris Murray) D Festakt zu Ehren des 100. Geburtstages von Hans Georg Gadamer (Universität Heidelberg)
    Nicht nur eine Dokumentation des Festaktes am 11.2.2000, sondern auch eine profunde Einführung in Gadamers Biographie und Werk von Dieter Borchmeyer D Hans-Georg Gadamer: Aus: Wahrheit und Methode (Axel W. Bauer) D Jens Kertscher: Wahrheit mit Methode - Gadamer zum 100.
  • Galenos (Galen) (129-210) Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

    75. Biography-center - Letter G
    Gershwin, George www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/gershwin_g.html; gerson,levi ben wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/levi.html;
    http://www.biography-center.com/g.html
    Visit a
    random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish
    G
    558 biographies

    • www.pathfinder.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/godel.html
    • www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Godel.html
    • www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Gopel.html
    • G.i., American
      www.pathfinder.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/gi01.html
    • Gabbiani, Beppe
      www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-gabbep.html
    • Gabelich, Gary
      www.hickoksports.com/biograph/gabelichg.shtml
    • Gable, Daniel M. www.hickoksports.com/biograph/gabledan.shtml
    • Gabor, Dennis www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1971/gabor-autobio.html
    • Gachot, Bertrand www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-gacber.html
    • Gaddi, Taddeo www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/g/gaddi/taddeo/biograph.html
    • Gadgil, Ashok web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/gadgil.html
    • Gadgil, Ashok

    76. Jewish Genealogical Records Of Istanbul
    levi, (Levent) Yasef, Semuel, SALTI, Ceni, Aron (Marko), 1952, 3 120322, Cedillaon s in gerson; cedilla on ALTABEV, (ben), Nesim (Cenko?), BEHAR, Rahel, Nesim Yuda,1948, 102
    http://www.asfonline.org/portal/genealogy/turkey/MarriageSearchResults.asp?s_Sur

    77. Exodus Hoofdstuk 6 - Nederlands StatenVertalings 1715 Bijbel - Speaking Bible -
    daartoe ben ik onbesnedenvan lippen. Dit nu zijn de namen der zonenvan levi, naar hun geboorten gerson, en Kehath,en Merari.
    http://www.speakingbible.com/dutch/B02C006.htm
    Nederlands StatenVertalings 1715 Bijbel
    Exodus 5
    Exodus
    Index
    Hoofdstuk 6
    Verder sprak God tot Mozes, en zeide tot hem: Ik ben de HEERE, En Ik ben aan Abraham, Izak, en Jakob verschenen, als God de Almachtige;doch met Mijn Naam HEERE ben Ik hun niet bekend geweest. En ook heb Ik Mijn verbond met hen opgericht, dat Ik hun geven zou het landKanaan, het land hunner vreemdelingschappen, waarin zij vreemdelingen geweestzijn. En ook heb Ik gehoord het gekerm der kinderen Israels, die de Egyptenaars indienstbaarheid houden, en Ik heb aan Mijn verbond gedacht. Derhalve zeg tot de kinderen Israels: Ik ben de HEERE! en Ik zal ulieden uitleidenvan onder de lasten der Egyptenaren, en Ik zal u redden uit hun dienstbaarheid, enzal u verlossen door een uitgestrekten arm, en door grote gerichten; En Ik zal ulieden tot Mijn volk aannemen, en Ik zal ulieden tot een God zijn; engijlieden zult bekennen, dat Ik de HEERE uw God ben, Die u uitleide van onderde lasten der Egyptenaren. En Ik zal ulieden brengen in dat land, waarover Ik Mijn hand opgeheven heb, datIk het aan Abraham, Izak, en Jakob geven zou; en Ik zal het ulieden geven tot eenerfdeel, Ik, de HEERE! En Mozes sprak alzo tot de kinderen Israels; doch zij hoorden naar Mozes niet,vanwege de benauwdheid des geestes, en vanwege de harde dienstbaarheid.

    78. International Political Economy By Thread
    Doug Stokes, 20 April 2002. ben Balak, 20 April 2002. ben Balak, 20 April 2002. OsvaldoCroci, 17 April 2002. David leviFaur, 17 April 2002. Ruth gerson, 13 April 2002.
    http://csf.colorado.edu/forums/ipe/2002/thrd4.html
    International Political Economy Discussion Archive Thread Index Updated 31 December 2002 16:21 973 messages First Page Previous Page Next Page Last Page ... Subscribe Page 4 of 6
  • Re: 90% lie (continued)
  • 79. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï
    Born 22 Jan 1908 in Baku, Azerbaijan, Russian Empire Died 1 April 1968 in Moscow,USSR levi, levi ben gerson Born 1288 in Bagnols, Gard, France Died 1344
    http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=L

    80. Olivier's Opinion #006
    If we come back to Rabbi levi ben gerson, I agree with Doron that probably, likemany of us, he was fascinated by the plays of these charming entities that
    http://web.ccr.jussieu.fr/gmpib/oliver/opinions/Opinion006.html
    About Doron Zeilberger's Opinion #36
    While I am very sympathetic with Doron Zeilberger's frank and direct way of expressing his ideas and while most of the mathematics he does with his companion Shalosh B. Ekhad has a strong appeal to me, I am far to agree with it on many minor aspects of his opinions. (It is better to have read Doron Zeilberger's text before reading this. See: and for the feedback he received from various people go to As english is not my mother tongue, any comment on the spelling, grammar or style of this text is welcome. Please mail it to me
      Mathematician=programmer ?
    • No, a Ph. D. in math does not warrant at all the ability to learn programming, even when one has removed those very common psychological blocks DZ refers to. There is a lot to unlearn, there is the whole social implication of a researcher in the academic system. Moreover, we all now math Ph. D. who aren't smart *at all* and especially about mathematics. Introducing this kind of public to even mathematically-minded computer macro-languages like TeX is sometimes worth Hercules' works. Part of the trouble with any academic system is that there are areas, times and circonstances were you can be dubbed "researcher" or "professor" by only being a good schoolboy, no need to be smart or creative about the subject. In fact, the mathematics researchers I know who program well had most of the time a keen interest in programming or computers before they graduated. It makes me appreciate even more the senior mathematicians who are good with these tools or who switched successfully at a late stage in their career.

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