21. Samarkand: Ulugh Beg's Observatory ulugh beg was the oldest son of Shahrukh, born in the city of Sultaniyah during his grandfather Timur's It is likely that ulugh beg was one of the princes seen http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/cities/samarkand/obser.html

Back to Cities and Architecture Click on thumbnails to enlarge them Ulugh Beg and His Observatory Ulugh Beg was the oldest son of Shahrukh, born in the city of Sultaniyah during his grandfather Timur's (Tamerlane's) campaign in northern Iran in 1394. At age 4 he accompanied his grandfather as far as Kabul, on the campaign that went on to take Delhi; almost immediately after the Indian campaign, he joined Tamerlane's campaign to the west which resulted in the defeat of the Ottoman ruler Bayezid I at Ankara in 1402. As Tamerlane was preparing to invade China, he celebrated the marriages of several of his grandsons, among them Ulughbeg (then age 10), who also was designated to rule over a significant portion of Moghulistan (the region encompassing part of the Tien Shan Mountains and NW Xinjiang), which, of course, was yet to be conquered. It is likely that Ulugh Beg was one of the princes seen by the Spanish ambassador Clavijo when he visited Tamerlane's court in 1403-1404. Tamerlane's death in early 1405 not only cancelled the invasion of China but ushered in a period of civil strife in which the young Ulugh Beg took an active part. When his father, Shahrukh, finally managed to regain control over Transoxiana, he appointed Ulugh Beg as the regent there. The latter assumed his full responsibilities in 1411, although he continued to be subordinate to his father, who ruled the empire from Herat. At Shahrukh's death in 1447, Ulugh Beg succeeded him, but survived only two years as an independent ruler before being overthrown and beheaded in 1449.

22. Beg, Ulugh beg, ulugh (13591449). Shortly after his grandson ulugh beg was born,Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/beg/beg.html

Beg, Ulugh Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

23. Ulugh Beg, Title Of Muhammad Taragay ulugh beg, Title of Muhammad Taragay (13941449). Mongol He publisheda set of astronomical tables, called the Zij of ulugh beg. ulugh http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/U/UlughBeg/1.htm

Ulugh Beg, Title of Muhammad Taragay Mongol mathematician and astronomer, ruler of Samarkand from 1409 and of the Mongol Empire from 1447. He built an observatory from which he made very accurate observations of the Sun and planets. He published a set of astronomical tables, called the Zij of Ulugh Beg. Ulugh Beg was born at Sulaniyya in central Asia and brought up at the court of his grandfather Tamerlane. At the age of 15 Ulugh Beg became ruler of the city of Samarkand and the province of Maverannakhr. In 1447 he succeeded his father, Shahrukh, to the throne, but was assassinated two years later in a coup by his son. In 1420 Ulugh Beg founded an institution of higher learning, or 'madrasa', in Samarkand. It specialized in astronomy and higher mathematics. Four years later he built a three-storey observatory and a sextant. By observing the altitude of the Sun at noon every day, he was able to deduce the Sun's meridianal height, its distance from the zenith, and the inclination of the ecliptic. The Zij of Ulugh Beg and his school is written in Tajik. It consists of a theoretical section and tables of calendar calculations, of trigonometry, and of the positions of planets, as well as a star catalogue of 1,018 stars. This includes 992 stars whose positions Ulugh Beg redetermined with unusual precision.

24. Ulugh_Beg Biography of ulugh beg (13931449) ulugh beg. Born 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) ulugh beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html

Ulugh Beg Born: 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) Died: 27 Oct 1449 in Samarkand, Timurid empire Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

25. References For Ulugh_Beg References for ulugh beg. Biography in 1819). TN KaryNijazov, The ulughbeg school of astronomy (Russian) (Tashkent, 1967). Articles http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ulugh_Beg.html

References for Ulugh Beg Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: J B J Delambre, (Paris, 1819). T N Kary-Nijazov, The Ulugh Beg school of astronomy (Russian) (Tashkent, 1967). Articles: M Bagheri, A newly found letter of al-Kashi on scientific life in Samarkand, Historia Math. M S Bulatov, Ulugh Beg's observatory in Samarkand (Russian), Istor.-Astronom. Issled. H Hobden, Ulugh Beg and his Observatory in Samarkand, Astronomy Now T N Kary-Nijazov, Ulugh Beg and Subah Jai Singh (Russian), in 1966 Phys. Math. Sci. in the East 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1966), 247-255. V Lutsky, Ulugh Beigh's ancient star atlas, Astromony and Space M Shevchenko, An analysis of errors in the star catalogues of Ptolemy and Ulugh Beg, J. Hist. Astronom. A U Usmanov, A short survey of the history of the development of astronomy in the medieval East up to the age of Ulugh Beg (Russian), Questions on the history of mathematics and astronomy I, Trudy Samarkand. Gos. Univ. (N.S.) Vyp.

26. Ulugh-Beg ulughbeg. ulugh beg (1394-1449) ( The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History) interesting trip in your life?)(TA celebrities)(Entrevista) ( Actual)beg, ulugh (1394-1449) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0849969.html

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Ulugh-Beg [both: OO OO g beg] Pronunciation Key Ulugh-Beg or Ulug-Beg The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Ulugh Muztag Related content from HighBeam Research on: Ulugh-Beg Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History) (Actual) Beg, Ulugh (1394-1449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography) Antiques and collecting: Making a great show of all that glitters; With extravagant displays of wealth, the Mughals ensured their power was clear to the contemporary public. Now we can enjoy the legacy of this affluence at the British Museum. Richard Edmonds reports. (The Birmingham Post (England)) Jewel of the Silk Road (The Toronto Star) (book review) (The Journal of the American Oriental Society) THE AHRARI WAQF IN KABUL IN THE YEAR 1546 AND THE MUGHUL NAQSHBANDIYYAH.

27. Ulugh-Beg Actual). beg, ulugh (13941449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of ScientificBiography). Jewel of the Silk Road (The Toronto Star). (book http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/A0849969.hmtl

HOTWORDS CITE PRINT EMAIL in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... D-Day Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map Also from Infoplease Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips Encyclopedia Ulugh-Beg [both: OO OO g beg] Pronunciation Key Ulugh-Beg or Ulug-Beg The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Ulugh Muztag Related content from HighBeam Research on: Ulugh-Beg Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of World History) (Actual) Beg, Ulugh (1394-1449) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific Biography) Antiques and collecting: Making a great show of all that glitters; With extravagant displays of wealth, the Mughals ensured their power was clear to the contemporary public. Now we can enjoy the legacy of this affluence at the British Museum. Richard Edmonds reports. (The Birmingham Post (England)) Jewel of the Silk Road (The Toronto Star) (book review) (The Journal of the American Oriental Society) THE AHRARI WAQF IN KABUL IN THE YEAR 1546 AND THE MUGHUL NAQSHBANDIYYAH.

28. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg The Legacy of ulugh beg, article by Kevin Krisciunas, with notes and bibliography Muhammed Taragai ulugh beg (13941449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr of which http://www.ukans.edu/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-2/cam6.html

The Legacy of Ulugh Beg Kevin Krisciunas[1] Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand. Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405). Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father. But his rule was of short duration. Two years later he was killed by an assassin hired by his son 'Abd al Latif. A principal source of our information about the astronomical activity at Samarkand is a letter of one Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi (d. 1429), which is available in Turkish and English (see Sayili 1960). This letter, originally in Persian, was written in 1421 or 1422. From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420. Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars. The observations were carried out systematically from 1420 to 1437. While observatories today are expected to carry on indefinitely, this was not the case in olden times. Rather, observations were carried out, for example, to update tables of planetary motions in order to predict their future positions. al-Kashi tells us (see Sayili 1960, p.106):

29. Yakub Beg --  Encyclopædia Britannica , ulugh beg grandson of the Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) and onewhose primary interest was in the arts and intellectual matters. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=79824

30. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results 2. ulughbeg The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition; January 10, 2004 ulugh-beg ulugh- beg or Ulug-beg , 1394-1449, Timurid ruler and astronomer. http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

31. HighBeam Research: Search Results: Article beg, ulugh (13941449). The At the age of 15 ulugh beg became ruler ofthe city of Samarkand and the province of Maverannakhr. Although http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28909785&num=2&ctrlInfo=Round

32. Ulugh Beg Translate this page Mohammed Targai ulugh beg. © 2003. ulugh beg nació 1393 en Sultaniyya AsiaCentral. Fue nieto de Timur un príncipe tártaro y regidor de Turkestan. http://almaak.tripod.com/biografias/ulugh_beg.htm

Principal Búsqueda Grupo Galería ... Constelaciones Mohammed Targai Ulugh Beg © 2003. Carlos Andrés Carvajal T. Astrónomo Autodidacta. Ulugh Beg nació 1393 en Sultaniyya Asia Central. Fue nieto de Timur un príncipe tártaro y regidor de Turkestan. Es conocido como un importante astrónomo y matemático del siglo XV. En 1424 construyó en Samarkand, madrasa, una institución de enseñanza de la astronomía. Posteriormente en 1428, Ulugh Beg comenzó la construcción de un magnifico observatorio en la misma ciudad y nombró a Ali-Kudsi como director del mismo. El observatorio estaba equipado con los mejores instrumentos de la época que incluía un sextante Fakhri hecho de mármol, el cual se utilizaba para calcular la inclinación de la eclíptica sobre el ecuador, el punto de equinoccio vernal, la duración del año tropical, y otras constantes astronómicas medidas por observación solar. El observatorio también incluía un cuadrante y una esfera Armilar. En 1437 publicó su trabajo mas famosos un catálogo de 992 estrellas llamado 'Zidj-i Djadid Sultani.' En el se revisaron las posiciones y magnitudes de las estrellas observadas por Ptolomeo , encontrando muchos errores en los cálculos de este autor.

33. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg The Legacy of ulugh beg, article by Kevin Krisciunas, with notes and bibliography.The Legacy of ulugh beg. EDITIONS CONTAINING ALL OR PART OF ulugh beg S ZIJ. http://www.ku.edu/carrie/texts/carrie_books/paksoy-2/cam6.html

The Legacy of Ulugh Beg Kevin Krisciunas[1] Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand. Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405). Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father. But his rule was of short duration. Two years later he was killed by an assassin hired by his son 'Abd al Latif. A principal source of our information about the astronomical activity at Samarkand is a letter of one Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi (d. 1429), which is available in Turkish and English (see Sayili 1960). This letter, originally in Persian, was written in 1421 or 1422. From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420. Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars. The observations were carried out systematically from 1420 to 1437. While observatories today are expected to carry on indefinitely, this was not the case in olden times. Rather, observations were carried out, for example, to update tables of planetary motions in order to predict their future positions. al-Kashi tells us (see Sayili 1960, p.106):

34. Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography Branch of Science , Astronomers v. Nationality , Mongolian v. ulugh beg (13941449),Mongol astronomer who made the best astronomical observations of his time. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/UlughBeg.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Nationality Mongolian Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) Mongol astronomer who made the best astronomical observations of his time. He prepared star tables superior to Ptolemy's and compiled the first new star map since Hipparchus . His efforts were surpassed, however, by those of Brahe Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

35. Ulugh Beg Madrasah ulugh beg Madrasah, Part of site, Registan Square Restoration. Variant Names,Madrasa of ulugh beg, Ulug beg Madrassah. Location, Samarkand, Uzbekistan. http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=3178

36. Ulugh Beg Madrasah ulugh beg Madrasah, Notes. One of three madrasas commissioned by ulugh beg, thisone in Bukhara was constructed over the same years as that in Samarkand. http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=5085

37. Imago Mundi - Ulugh-Beg Translate this page ulugh-beg (Mirza Mohammed Taraghi), fils de Chah-Rokh et petit-fils de Timour-beg(Tamerlan ), né en 1394 à Sultanieh, régna sur la Transoxiane dès 1409 http://www.cosmovisions.com/UlughBeg.htm

Dictionnaire biographique Les gens Ulugh-Beg (Mirza Mohammed Taraghi), fils de Chah-Rokh et petit-fils de Timour-Beg (Tamerlan Tables astronomiques (en persan), d'une remarquable exactitude. - Quelques fragments de ses Tables Zach , dans ses A B C D ... Z

38. Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute Astronomical institute. . 26.02.2002 © webmaster, Welcome to UlughBeg Astronomical Institute of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences. http://www.astrin.uzsci.net/eng/

39. Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute: Gallery Home page. Astronomical Institute Solar physics department. Department ofgalactic astronomy and cosmogony. Department of astrophysical research. http://www.astrin.uzsci.net/gallery/

Home page Astronomical Institute: Solar physics department Department of galactic astronomy and cosmogony Department of astrophysical research Astroclimate group Maidanak observatory Space: Solar family Nebula Galaxy (full size 180 Kb, 1280x960) (full size 350 Kb, 960x1280) (full size 218 Kb, 1280x960)

40. MuslimHeritage.com - Muslim Scholars ulugh beg 1420 AD, Category Science. The Lagacy of ulugh beg. Piri Reis,1465 AD. ulugh beg, 1420 AD. Zheng He, 1371 AD. Personalities of Today. http://www.muslimheritage.com/day_life/default.cfm?ArticleID=237&Oldpage=2

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