61. Child Marriage In Ancient India seclusion which presupposes postpuberty marriages. Sharma also argues that themarriage rituals described in the Grihyasutras, the baudhayana presuppose that http://www.stormloader.com/munaypata/India.htm

A History of Child Marriage in India Mother: I will cut off your ears. Daughter: Oh, I will see how you cut off my ears. Mother: Really, I am telling you, I will cut off your ears and send them to the mill, and they will make flour and we will have bread from that. Daughter: Don’t be silly. Introduction: The Reform Movement 1860 - 1886 In India during the 1860’s, marriage meant girls getting married below 8 or 9 years old. Socio-reform religious movements such as the Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj pioneered work against child marriage. Late in the 1860’s some success was met when the Indian Penal Code prohibited intercourse with a wife who had not reached ten years of age. Nevertheless, it wasn’t until 1880 that child marriage as a problem became a public issue in India during the debate on the Age of Consent Bill. Towards the end of the debate a child wife of eleven years old, Named Phulmani, died when her husband raped her. More than 500 women doctors sent a memorandum to the Viceroy requesting him to stop marriage of girls below 14 years of age. The resulting bill compromised at 12 years old. On August 15, 1884 a Parsee reformist, Behramji Malabari, circulated two notes which highlighted the evils of child marriage and enforced widowhood. The Honorable J. Gibbs added his comments to Malabari’s notes saying that, "Young mothers become stunted in growth, and often become invalids for life, while children were too often pony and weak." Kadhavdas added to the list of evils, "Early marriage is a great obstacle in the progress of female education."

62. Brahmanism And The Final Development Of Hinduism race after the flood; the Institutes of Vishnu, delivered, it was said, personallyby the god; and many others, of which the Apastamba, the baudhayana, and the http://paganizingfaithofyeshua.netfirms.com/no_8_brahmanism.htm

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting Again we must start with some background information for our current study. We must understand the conquest of India some four thousand years ago by a group of Aryans belonging to the same stock as those who later made Zoroastrianism their national creed. This group of ancient Aryans burst into India, established themselves as the dominant race, and instituted the intricate system of Priestly and sacerdotal law and discipline known as Brahmanism. Since the political problems of India were quite different from those of Egypt or Iran, the religion of India developed along entirely different lines than we have seen before. These changes will be important when we look later at how the Essenes adopted many of the tenants of Brahmanism. India already possessed a teeming population, which had learned to wring subsistence from the soil by agriculture: the Aryans could, therefore, perpetuate their position, privileges, and sovereignty only by divine sanctions. Revelation, as determined by the Priesthood became an instrument, not of national, but of class and race policy.

63. .::. .::. Deepa & Sanal's Home Page >> INDIAN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE .::. .::. Susrutha Samhitas! baudhayana propounded the theorem four hundred yearsbefore Pythagorus, but baudhayana was forgotten! Bhaskaracharya http://www.sanalnair.org/links/indianheritage.htm

INDIAN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE Home Thinking Page Home World over renewed interests are observed on ancient Indian scientific and spiritual knowledge. Series of research activities are undertaken by Universities and research institutions in many countries. True search of good, adoptable and useful scientific observations on Indian approaches on all aspects of life are being conducted by scholars. Results of these studies are astounding. Yoga has found a respectable place in the medical curriculum and medical books published even from America. Quantum holistic healing is finding its benefit for many diseases. Vedic mathematics is getting into the school and college syllabus in many countries of Europe and UK. Medicinal plants and Indian alternatives for eco-friendly pesticides are going into large scale production and utilization in developed countries. Vegetarianism is becoming a precious life style. Meditation goes into stress relief in homes and production centres. The crude tribal medicines go for curing even complicated health problems. Effect of mantras are being studies under a new brand name 'psycholingustic effects'.

64. Untitled Document What is not well understood is that this theorem was known to the authors of theVedas, and was proved in baudhayana s Shulva Sutra, which was composed several http://www.infinityfoundation.com/ECIT819talk.htm

Bringing to Light India's Contributions to World CivilizationS Dr. David Gray's 8/19/00 speech at the Arya Samaj Mahasammelan in Hempstead, NY. I was asked to come and give a brief talk concerning Indian contributions to world civilization, and I was asked to do so not because of any particular qualification on my part, for indeed my knowledge of India is far outweighed by my ignorance. Rather, I was asked to speak on account of my position, which is the director of a newly established foundation called the Educational Council on Indic traditions. The mission of our foundation is to improve the quality of education concerning India. Since this involves bringing greater attention to India's numerous contributions in science, technology and the cultural arts, I may perhaps be qualified to say a few words on this topic. I realize that in discussing the contributions of India here I'm preaching to the converted, since the importance of India's cultural heritage was an a central message that, I believe, Dayananda Sarasvatiji himself taught in founding the Arya Samaj over one hundred years ago. Therefore, in order to avoid boring my audience with knowledge already well-known to them, I will keep the address brief, which is quite a challenge given India's vast and venerable cultural history. An important point that must be made is that India's cultural heritage is not a dead relic, a curiosity of interest only to scholars and eccentrics. Rather, it is a complex of living traditions that continues to have important ramifications to this day and age. And while India is blessed with a very ancient cultural history, and is fortunate to have preserved what is now known to be the oldest uninterrupted transmission of essential knowledge, encapsulated in the Vedas, it continues to have an influence and importance in the world befitting its current position in the global economy.

65. Project Sheet Most important of these is the baudhayanaGrhya-Sutra, one of the longest and mostimportant of its genre, which will be edited critically and translated for http://www.ifpindia.org/brahmin.html

Brahmin Authority and Patronage in Ancient India: Creation of a Trans-Regional Elite Culture Objectives Materials and Methods At the same time, the results of the textual studies are being read against the early inscriptional record, to track (1) the distribution of benefaction among various Brahmanical and non-Brahmanical groups by region, period, and type of donor; (2) the languages used in the inscriptions (Sanskrit, a regional vernacular, or both), as well as the formulaic elements used in them; and (3) the markers of social or sectarian status among donors and recipients. Partners Washington and Lee University (no MOU). Funding French Institute of Pondicherry The project is funded by a Fulbright-Hays research fellowship from the CIES (U.S. Department of Education) (July 2003-June 2004) and a U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship (July 2004-June 2005). A start-up grant was provided in 2002 by the American Academy of Religion.

66. Swaveda - Background - Mathematics In Ancient India - Introduction Timeline of Indian Mathematical Works 800 BC baudhayana Sulba Sutra by baudhayana.500 BC – Surya Prajnapti. 500 BC – Jamboo Dwipa Prajnapti. http://www.swaveda.com/background.php?category=science&title=Mathematics in Anci

67. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results AV Atharva Veda. BDh baudhayana Dharmasutra, in Buhler 187982 and Olivelle2000. Berger, PL 1969. The Sacred Canopy. Garden 15. http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

68. Category Selections - New: Title baudhayana Srautasutra (4 Volume Set) Author(s) Edited and Translated byCG Kashikar ISBN 8120818539 Edition 1st Pages 275 Binding HC Publication http://www.southasiabooks.com/Categories.asp?SentCategory=125

69. Patrick Olivelle - Buch / Bücher - International Online Suche - 11 Mal Gefunden baudhayana, and Vasistha (Oxford World s Classics (Paperback)). Patrick Olivelle. http://www.nomax.de/suche/intbuecher/sb-Patrick Olivelle/s-1.html

Buch / Bücher - International Online Suche Suchen in: Bücher Bücher (International) Zeitschriften Musik ... Software Seite 1 (1 - 10) Upanisads Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (November 1998) The Law Code of Manu Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (01. März 2004) Pancatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom (Oxford World's Classics (Paperback)) Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (April 2003) The Dharmasutras: The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama, Baudhayana, and Vasistha (Oxford World's Classics (Paperback)) Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (01. November 1999) The Samnyasa Upanisads: Hindu Scriptures on Asceticism and Renunciation Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (Februar 1992) Dharam Sutras: The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama Baudhayana and Vasistha: The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama, Baudhayana and Vasistha Patrick Olivelle Motilal Banarsidass (30. Juni 2003) The Asrama System: The History and Hermeneutics of a Religious Institution Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press Inc, USA (16. Dezember 1993) The Early Upanisads: Annotated Text and Translation (South Asia Research) Patrick Olivelle Oxford University Press (01. September 1998)

70. Law - Buch / Bücher - International Online Suche - 32000 Mal Gefunden Translate this page Dharam Sutras The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama baudhayana and Vasistha TheLaw Codes of Apastamba, Gautama, baudhayana and Vasistha. Patrick Olivelle. http://www.nomax.de/suche/intbuecher/sb-Law/s-18.html

Buch / Bücher - International Online Suche Suchen in: Bücher Bücher (International) Zeitschriften Musik ... Software Seite 18 (171 - 180) Religious Human Rights in Global Perspective: Religious Perspectives,Legal Perspectives J. D. Van Der Vyver John Witte Brill (Februar 1996) The Euro in Law and Practice Birgit Ris Copenhagen Business School Press (Dezember 1999) Human Rights: Chinese and Dutch Perspectives P. R. Baehr Jacqueline Smith Brill (April 1996) The Social Dimension of the European Union Ruth Nielsen Erika Szyszczak Copenhagen Business School Press (Oktober 1997) Legal Aid: Human Right to Equality S. Singh European Community Case Law: Summaries of Leading EC Court Cases Hjalte Rasmussen Copenhagen Business School Press (Oktober 1993) Business and Human Rights: A Compilation of Documents (Raoul Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Library ; Vol. 13) Radu Mares Brill Academic Pub (01. Januar 2004) Human Rights and Refugees: Problems, Law and Practices M. Chakraborty Jesus, Rhetoric and Law. Ian H. Henderson Brill (Januar 2002) The Principles of European Contract Law and Dutch Law: A Commentary D. Busch

71. 4 II. Sulba Sutras Of the Sulvas so far uncovered the four major and most mathematically significantare those composed by baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana (perhaps http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch4_2.h

Indian Mathematics MacTutor Index Previous page (4: Mathematics in the service of religion: I. Vedas and Vedangas) Contents Next page (5: Jainism) 4 II. Sulba Sutras The later Sulba-sutras represent the 'traditional' material along with further related elaboration of Vedic mathematics. The Sulba-sutras have been dated from around 800-200 BC, and further to the expansion of topics in the Vedangas, contain a number of significant developments. These include first 'use' of irrational numbers, quadratic equations of the form a x c and ax bx c , unarguable evidence of the use of Pythagoras theorem and Pythagorean triples, predating Pythagoras (c 572 - 497 BC), and evidence of a number of geometrical proofs. This is of great interest as proof is a concept thought to be completely lacking in Indian mathematics. Example 4.2.1: Pythagoras theorem and Pythagorean triples, as found in the Sulba Sutras. The rope stretched along the length of the diagonal of a rectangle makes an area which the, vertical and horizontal sides make together. In other words: a b c Examples of Pythagorean triples given as the sides of right angled triangles: Of the Sulvas so far 'uncovered' the four major and most mathematically significant are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana (perhaps least 'important' of the Sutras, by the time it was composed the Vedic religion was becoming less predominant). However in a paper written 20 years ago S Sinha claims that there are a further three Sutras, 'composed' by Maitrayana, Varaha and Vadhula (SS1, P 76). I have yet to come across any other references to these three 'extra' sutras. These men were not mathematicians in the modern sense but they are significant none the less in that they were the first mentioned 'individual' composers. E Robertson and J O'Connor have suggested that they were Vedic priests (and skilled craftsmen).

72. Cult Of Skanda-Murukan In Ancient Tamil Nadu Further, in the baudhayana Dharma Sutra, names such as Skanda, Sanatkumara, Vis×aka,Sanmukha, Mahasena and Subrahmanya, etc., have been attribued as names http://murugan.org/research/ambikai.htm

Cult of Skanda-Murukan in Tamilakam The antiquity of Murukan worship in Tamil Nadu Valli Teyvani Samedha Murugan Valli Murugan Kumarar by Ambikai Velmurugu M urukan has been worshipped in Tamil Nadu for many centuries before Christ. The ancient Tamil people closely observed the beauty of nature and realised that there must be a Supreme Being to regulate the affairs of this world. Considering that the Supreme Being permeates every minute thing in this world, they named it as kantali. There is a reference to kantali Porulatikaram it is written: Kotinilai kantali valli These three devoid of blemishes occur with dignity with God's invocation. The commentator Naccinarkkiniyar says that kotinilai refers to the sun; kantali is the cause of creation and destruction of this universe, and therefore something that remains unattached, unaffected and formless being existing by itself and transcending all philosophy; while Valli denotes the moon. muruku. These two names have been used profusely in Cankam literature. Among these names, the word

73. Hindu Womens' Universe Of these treatises the DharmaSastra of Gautama has been taken to be the earliestlaw-book; for both baudhayana and Vasishtha, who are also reckoned among the http://hinduwomen.org/dynamic/modules.php?name=hncontent&pa=showpage&pid=1091

74. Re: MBh Question Because in general (there appears to have been a practice of niyoga when the manwas impotent etc also baudhayana 2.3.17) the man is dead and his brother http://www.sandiego.edu/theo/risa-l/archive/msg04684.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index Re: MBh question To Subject : Re: MBh question From Date : Thu, 11 Oct 2001 05:34:50 -0700 (PDT) Reply-To : risa-l Sender : risa-l Prev by Date: MBh question Next by Date: RE: Readings on Indigenous Aryan controversy Previous by thread: MBh question Next by thread: Index(es): Date Thread

75. Baudhaayana-Dharmasuutra Typed And Analyzed By Masato Fujii Masato Fujii Mieko Kajihara Proofread by Toru Yagi Revised version 1 (completedon May 20, 1992) Editions H E. Hultzsch (ed.) Das baudhayanaDharmasutra. http://www.kyoto-su.ac.jp/~yanom/sanskrit/dharmas/baudha.dhs

76. Dharam : Alle Produkte Mon May 31 13:11:33 2004 Translate this page 3. Dharam Sutras The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama baudhayana and VasisthaThe Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama, baudhayana and Vasistha. http://www.e-loh.de/Dharam.shtml

Dharam In Kooperation mit Amazon.de Alle Produkte DVD Heimwerken Musik Musik (Klassische) Software Video Zeitschriften Musik: See all 47 results... Amazon.de Preis: EUR 23,78 Drala von: Dharma Moon 27. August 2002 Amazon.de Preis: EUR 23,78 OM Yoga Mix von: Dharma Moon 18. M¤rz 2003 Amazon.de Preis: EUR 23,78 At Ease von: Dharma Moon 09. September 2003 See all 18 results... Amazon.de Preis: EUR 7,56 Indian Cookery von: Penguin USA (P) 01. Juli 1970 Listenpreis: EUR 85,15 Amazon.de Preis: EUR 83,12 Sie sparen: EUR 2,03 ( 2%) Un Contributions to Development Thinking and Practice (United Nations Intellectual History Project) von: Indiana University Press August 2004 Amazon.de Preis: EUR 18,97 Hypothermia: Medical and Social Aspects von: Elsevier Science Ltd 01. April 1987 See all 2 results... Amazon.de Preis: EUR 0,00 Indische Kochkunst von: Steingr¼ben Verl. Amazon.de Preis: EUR 91,01 Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance and Alcoholism. Biochemical and Pharmacogenetic Approaches. von: Springer, Heidelberg DVD: See all 2 results... Amazon.de Preis: EUR 29,99

77. 21A1.Riddles In Hinduism PART I The views of baudhayana are given below I6. baudhayana goes into much greaterdetails about the qualification of the Shishtas. This is what he says http://www.ambedkar.org/riddleinhinduism/21A1.Riddles in Hinduism PART I.htm

Riddle In Hinduism Contents PART I - RELIGIOUS Riddle No. 1 : The difficulty of knowing why one is a Hindu Riddle No. 3 : The Testimony Of Other Shastras On The Origin Of The Vedas Riddle no. 4 : Why suddenly the brahmins declare the vedas to be infallible and not to be questioned? Riddle no. 5 : ... PART III - POLITICAL RI DDLE No. 1 THE DIFFICULTY OF KNOWING WHY ONE IS A HINDU India is a conjeries of communities. There are in it Parsis, Christians, Mohammedans and Hindus. The basis of these communities is not racial. It is of course religious. This is a superficial view. What is interesting to know is why is a Parsi a Parsi and why is a Christian a Christian, why is a Muslim a Muslim and why is a Hindu a Hindu? With regard to the Parsi, the Christian and the Muslim it is smooth sailing. Ask a Parsi why he calls himself a Parsi he will have no difficulty in answering the question. He will say he is a Parsi because he is a follower of Zoraster. Ask the same question to a Christian. He too will have no difficulty in answering the question. He is a Christian because he believes in Jesus Christ. Put the same question to a Muslim. He too will have no hesitation in answering it. He will say he is a believer in Islam and that is why he is a Muslim. Now ask the same question to a Hindu and there is no doubt that he will be completely bewildered and would not know what to say.

78. Acts Of Faith (Part III Of XII) India. Sulba means cord. Of the various Sulba Sutras, those of baudhayana,Apastamba and Katyayana are best known. Scholars believe http://www.hvk.org/articles/0601/93.html

Acts of faith (Part III of XII) Author: Publication: The Week Date: June 24, 2001 A 3,000-year-old ritual was resurrected at Panjal in Kerala in April 1975. A 12-day Agnicayana, or Atiratra, was performed on a bird-shaped altar of a thousand bricks. The altar was a geometricians' delight. The area of each layer of the altar, for instance, was seven and a half times a square purusa, the size of the sacrificer or the Yajamana. A fifth of the size of the Yajamana, panchami, was the basic unit of the bricks. The rules for measurement and construction of sacrificial altars are found in the Sulba Sutras, the earliest documents of geometry in India. Sulba means cord. Of the various Sulba Sutras, those of Baudhayana, Apastamba and Katyayana are best known. Scholars believe the sutras were composed during 800-500 BC. The mathematical knowledge in the texts comes from the creation of altars or bricks in various shapes-rhombus, isosceles trapezium, square, rectangle, isosceles right-angled triangle or circle. A square-shaped altar sometimes had to become circular without any change in the area or vice-versa. Obviously, the authors of the Sulba texts knew the value of pi, which is the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle. The theory of right angles is attributed to Greek philosopher Pythagoras (6th century BC). But Baudhayana mentions that the diagonal of a rectangle produces by itself both (the areas) produced separately by its two sides. In simple terms, this means that the square of the diagonal is equal to the sum of the squares of two sides. In the next rule he says that the rectangles for which the theorem is true have the sides as 3 and 4 [32+42=52], 12 and 5, 15 and 8, 7 and 24, 12 and 35, 15 and 36. The theorem is given in all the Sulba Sutras.

79. This Article Appeared In The Indian Journal At present we know, however, of only seven Sulbastitras, those belonging to theSrauta-sutras of baudhayana, Apastamba, Katyayana, Manava, Maitrayana, Varaha http://www.vmacademy.com/kenneth/articles/kansara/kansara.htm

This article appeared in the Indian Journal ‘Sambodhi’ Vol. XXIII, 2000 and is reproduced here with permission. Diacritical marks have not been copied, nor have the few Sanskrit/Hindu lines of text. This article has been scanned into text and though we have done our best there may still be a few errors. For the full text please see the Journal version. VEDIC SOURCES OF THE 'VEDIC MATHEMATICS' Dr. N. M. Kansara Director, Akshardham Centre for Applied Research in Social Harmony (AARSH), Akshardham, Gandhinagar - (382 020) Jagadguru Shankaracharya Swami Shri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja of Govardhan Peeth Matha, Puri, wrote or dictated a book entitled `Vedic Mathematics' based on 29 Sutras, of which 16 deal with the ‘general case’, while the rest 13 treat the special cases. The declaration of the Sutras as "Vedic" or as belonging to the Vedas, particularly to the Atharvaveda, and his claim that "the Sutras (aphorisms) apply to and cover each and every part of each and every chapter of each and every branch of mathematics including arithmetic, algebra, geometry ­plane and solid, trigonometry - plane and spherical, conics - geometrical and analytical, astronomy, calculus - differential and integral etc., etc.", and that "there is no part of mathematics, pure or applied, which is beyond their jurisdiction" has raised a controversy amongst the mathematicians of India, some of whom have questioned the Vedicity of the Sutras on the ground of their language, and the level of mathematics it deals with. It is endeavoured here to deal with the problem in all possible aspects, and examine the validity or otherwise of the claim.

80. World - Punjabi - Samaaj - Dharam - TutorGig.co.uk Directory Dharam Sutras The Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama baudhayana and VasisthaThe Law Codes of Apastamba, Gautama, baudhayana and Vasistha , by Motilal http://www.tutorgig.co.uk/webdir/index.php/World/Punjabi/Samaaj/Dharam/

Directory The only bookmark you need for tutorials Search: For Tutorials Encyclopedia Courses Entire Web Subjects Tutorials Encyclopedia Courses Directory ... Open Directory Search: Top World Punjabi Samaaj ... Dharam Dharam See also: Society: Religion and Spirituality: Sikhism This category in other languages: Afrikaans Albanian Armenian Azerbaijani ... Guru Granth Sahib Ji - Gurmukhii vich pado, font site to parapat kiitaa jaa sakda hai. Khayaal rahe site kuch mand rafataar hai. Japji Sahib - Paath dii panjaabii ate angrejii vich Vayaakhayaa. Japji Sahib - Gif tasviir istemaal kitii gayii hai. Jehovah's Witnesses Official Web Site - Yisu Masi ate Isai dharam bare jaankaari haasil karo. Sikh Dharam te Bachan - Panjaabii ate angrejii bhaashaa de anuvaad samet ditte gaye Bachan vakhkh vakhkh visheyaan utte. Sri Granth - Guru Granth Sahib dii bani jo tusii pannaa vaar pad sakde ho ate khoj vii kar sakde ho. Sri Guru Granth Sahib - Padan dii vidhi ate sankhep vich anuvaad dittaa gayaa hai. Varan Bhai Gurdas Ji - Bhai Gurdas Ji dian vaaraan, angrejii vich arth samet. Best selling products in: Dharam Books See all 78 results in Dharam ... Planning for Basic Needs in Kenya: Performance,Policies and Prospects

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