41. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page Stefan (290*) Barbier, Joseph Emile (67) Bari, Nina (403*) Barlow, Peter (112) Barocius,Franciscus (201) Barrow, Isaac (2332*) bartholin, erasmus (189) Bateman http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Flllph.htm

Full Alphabetical Index Click on a letter below to go to that part of this file. A B C D ... XYZ Click below to go to the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (240) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (59) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (243) Ackermann , Wilhelm (196) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (89) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (196*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (60) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (114) Aiken , Howard (94) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alexander (825*) Ajima , Chokuyen (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al'Battani , Abu Allah (194) al'Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (306*) al'Haitam , Abu Ali (269*) al'Kashi , Ghiyath (73) al'Khwarizmi , Abu (123*) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albert, Abraham Adrian (158*) Albert of Saxony Alberti , Leone (181*) Albertus Magnus, Saint (109*) Alcuin of York (237*) Aleksandrov , Pave (160*) Alembert , Jean d' (291*) Alexander , James (130*) Amringe , Howard van (354*) Amsler , Jacob (82) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (169) Anderson , Oskar (67) Andreev , Konstantin (117) Angeli , Stefano degli (234) Anstice , Robert (209) Anthemius of Tralles (55) Antiphon the Sophist (125) Apollonius of Perga (276) Appell , Paul (1377) Arago , Dominique (345*) Arbogast , Louis (87) Arbuthnot , John (251*) Archimedes of Syracuse (467*) Archytas of Tarentum (103) Arf , Cahit (1452*) Argand , Jean (81) Aristaeus the Elder (44) Aristarchus of Samos (183)

42. Mathematicians In Richard S. Westfall's Archive Claude; Barozzi, Francesco; Barrow, Isaac; bartholin, erasmus; Beaugrand,Jean; Benedetti, Giovanni; Bernoulli, Jacob; Bernoulli, Johann; http://intranet.woodvillehs.sa.edu.au/pages/resources/maths/History/Wstfllls.htm

Mathematicians in Richard S. Westfall's archive Richard Westfall's archive contains concise biographical details of more than 640 members of the Scientific Community of the 16th and 17th Centuries. The mathematicians who have biographies in our archive are listed below. You can search the whole archive in several ways or can click on a name below. Angeli, Stephano Arbuthnot, John Arnauld, Antoine Bachet, Claude ... Search Suggestions JOC/EFR November 1998

43. The Work-diaries Of Robert Boyle: Biographical And Bibliographical Register Boyle quotes from this work in XXII638. bartholin, erasmus (1625-98) Danishphysician, mathematician and physicist, MD Padua 1654. Mentioned in XXXII8. http://www.bbk.ac.uk/Boyle/workdiaries/Register.html

Accademia del Cimento : a Tuscan scientific society founded in 1657 by Ferdinand II and Prince Leopold . It disbanded in 1667 and published the results of its findings in saggi di Naturali Esperienze (Florence, 1667). It is mentioned in XXII:188 and 199, although the two entries are identical Agricola, Georgius (Georg Bauer) , (1494-1555): German physician and mettalurgist, De re metallica libri XIII (1555). Quoted in XXII:122 and XXII:204. Albermarle, Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Christopher Monck Duke of Albermarle (London, 1915), pp. 241-57. Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522-1605): Italian natural philosopher, Museum metallicum in Libros III (Bologna, 1648). Extracts from this work appear in XXII:48. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC): King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian empire. Mentioned in XXVIII:980. Allin, Sir Thomas (1612-85): commander-in-chief in the Mediterranean 1663-5, he was then recalled to England but was again commander in the Mediterranean in 1668-71. He is most likely the 'one of our English Admiral that had commanded many men of warr in the streights' who appears in XXI:312. See Julian S. Corbett, England in the Mediterranean: A Study of the Rise and Influence of British Power within the Straits 1603-1714 (2 vols., London 1964), ii, pp. 24, 25, 42, 47, 49, 70.

44. Subject Index Page 9. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History Barthélemy, François de 1009. Barthes, Roland, critic 2701, 2861. bartholin,erasmus, scientist 640. Barthou, Jean Louis, French leader 1821, 2134. http://www.bartleby.com/67/s9.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History Subject Index PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. Subject Index Page 9 Banqueting Hall, Whitehall

45. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page Nina (403*) Barlow, Peter (112) Barnes, Ernest (609*) Barocius, Franciscus (201)Barrow, Isaac (2332*) Barozzi, Francesco (201) bartholin, erasmus (189) Bateman http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/alphalist.htm

Full Alphabetical Index The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (12)

46. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page 403*) Barlow, Peter (112) Barnes, Ernest (609*) Barocius, Franciscus (201) Barrow,Isaac (2332*) Barozzi, Francesco (201) bartholin, erasmus (189) Batchelor http://www.maththinking.com/boat/mathematicians.html

Full Alphabetical Index Click below to go to one of the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi , Nasir (1912) al-Tusi , Sharaf (1138) al-Umawi , Abu (1014) al-Uqlidisi , Abu'l (1028) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*)

47. Freilich Mineral Auction List Library Lot 32 Banks, Joseph Sold for 4,500 USD (Estimated sale price 3,500 USD5,000USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 33 bartholin, erasmus Sold for http://www.xlizd.com/Freilich library auction list.htm

XLIZD.COM About What's new? How to order Minerals ... Links Freilich Scientific Library auction list Freilich Scientific Library Lot 1 Academie des Sciences, Paris Sold for 9,000 USD (Estimated sale price 4,000 USD-6,000 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 2 Accademia del Cimento (Florence) Sold for 15,600 USD (Estimated sale price 12,000 USD-18,000 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 3 Accum, Friederich Christian Sold for 1,200 USD (Estimated sale price 800 USD-1,200 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 4 Accum, Friedrich Christian Sold for 1,080 USD (Estimated sale price 800 USD-1,200 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 5 Achard, Franz Karl (Estimated sale price 1,000 USD-1,500 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 6 Achard, Franz Karl Sold for 1,560 USD (Estimated sale price 1,400 USD-1,800 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 7 Acosta, Cristobal de, and Garcia da Orta Sold for 58,250 USD (Estimated sale price 35,000 USD-50,000 USD) Freilich Scientific Library Lot 8 (Adelung, Johann Christoph, editor) Sold for 4,800 USD (Estimated sale price 1,500 USD-2,500 USD)

48. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page Stefan (290*) Barbier, Joseph Emile (67) Bari, Nina (403*) Barlow, Peter (112) Barocius,Franciscus (201) Barrow, Isaac (324*) bartholin, erasmus (189) Bateman http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/4142/matematici.html

49. History Of Astronomy: Persons (B) Brit.); Bibliography. bartholin, erasmus (16251698) Biographicaldata and references; Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_b.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (B) Deutsche Fassung Baade, Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Short biography, photo, references, and links (Bruce medal.) Short biography and reference Short biography and references (in German) Short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Short biography (in French) Very short biography Very short biography Very short biography Very short biography ... Walter Baade and the Southern Hemisphere , by D.E.Osterbrock Abstract Crater Baade (lunar feature) Find more about Baade with Alta Vista Babbage, Charles (1792-1871) Extended biography and bibliography Biography and references Biography (27 Oct 1997: disappeared) Short biography and references Short biography Short biography, references and links (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography and references Short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Very short biography and references Bibliography Charles Babbage Institute of Computer History (CBI) Links to WWW sources and references ... Crater Babbage (lunar feature) Babcock

50. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On June 22, 2000 Brit.). bartholin, erasmus (16251698) Very short biography (Encycl.Brit.). Bartholomaeus Anglicus Engl. Bartholomew The Englishman (fl. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new000622.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on June 22, 2000 Welcome / About Site map (complete Table of Contents) updated History of astronomy Persons A Adams, Walter Sydney (1876-1956) Very short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Aitken, Robert Grant Short biography and references (C. Plicht) Very short biography (Ciel Extr.) Address ... in awarding the Bruce Gold Medal to to Dr. Robert G. Aitken , by Benfield, Bernard (+ last page PASP 38 (1926) 221, 2-14 Address ... on the award of the Gold Medal of the Society awarded to Dr. Robert Grant Aitken for his work on double stars , by Knox-Shaw, H. MNRAS 92 (1932) 4, 354-360 Robert Grant Aitken , by van den Bos, W. H. MNRAS 112 (1952) 3, 271-273 (Obituary Notices) Robert Grant Aitken, 1864-1951 , by Jeffers, Hamilton M. PASP 64 (1952) 376, 5-10 The Robert G. Aitken Memorial Fund PASP 65 (1953) 382, 64 Britannica Online entries Works (LoC entries) Works (ADS entries) References (LoC entries) References (ADS entries) Aldhelm (c.639-709)

51. Lopend Onderzoek En Publicaties 1999-2003 Dijksterhuis, FJ (Geschiedenis) (2000). Lemma bartholin, erasmus (16251698) .In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution. http://cf.hum.uva.nl/~huizinga/onderzoe/Dijksterhuis.htm

Lopend onderzoek en publicaties 1999-2003 F.J. Dijksterhuis Dijksterhuis, F.J. (Geschiedenis) (2000). Huygens, Christiaan 1629-1695; Dutch mathematician and physicist. In Hessenbruch, A. (Ed.), Reader's Guide to the History of Science. (pp. 364-365). Londen (GB): Fitzroy Dearborn. Dijksterhuis, F.J. (Geschiedenis) (2000). Lemma 'Bartholin, Erasmus (1625-1698)'. In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution. From Copernicus to Kepler. (pp. 75-75). New York/London: Garland. Dijksterhuis, F.J. (Geschiedenis) (2000). Lemma 'Color'. In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution. From Copernicus to Kepler. (pp. 152-154). New York/London: Garland. Dijksterhuis, F.J. (Geschiedenis) (2000). Lemma 'Light transmission'. In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution. From Copernicus to Kepler. (pp. 364-367). New York/ London: Garland. Dijksterhuis, F.J. (Geschiedenis) (2000). Lemma 'Optics'. In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopedia of the scientific revolution. From Copernicus to Kepler. (pp. 471-474). New York/London: Garland.

52. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results .. occurring, transparent crystalline form of calcium carbonate), it utilizedthe phenomenon of double refraction discovered by erasmus bartholin in 1699. http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_dictiona

53. HighBeam Research: ELibrary Search: Results SCIENTISTS Stack of Lists; September 1, 1994 AlRazi André-Marie Ampère ApolloniusArchimedes Aristotle Charles Babbage erasmus bartholin Thomas bartholin http://www.highbeam.com/library/search.asp?FN=AO&refid=ency_refd&search_thesauru

54. életrajzok: B (Magyar Irodalmi Lexikon). bartholin, erasmus (1625. augusztus 13.—1698.november 4.) dán fizikus, matematikus. BAYES, Thomas (1702—1761. http://www.iif.hu/~visontay/ponticulus/eletrajzok/b.html

rovatok j¡t©k arch­vum jegyzetek mutat³k kitekintő v©lem©nyek inform¡ci³k ©letrajzok magyar¡zatok forr¡sok BABBAGE, Charles (1792. december 26.—1871. okt³ber 18.): angol matematikus, k¶zgazd¡sz, feltal¡l³, sz¡m­t³g©ptervező. Cambridge-i professzor, Munk¡ss¡ga kiterjedt a f¼ggv©nyelm©let, a sz¡m­t¡stechnika ©s a k¶zgazdas¡gtan ter¼let©re. Neki jutott elősz¶r esz©be, hogy a Jacquard (1752—1834) ¡ltal feltal¡lt lyukk¡rty¡k nemcsak a sz¶vőg©pek, hanem a mechanikus sz¡mol³g©pek vez©rl©s©re is alkalmasak lehetnek. 1822-ben ©p­tette meg a csillag¡szati ©s haj³z¡si t¡bl¡zatok sz¡m­t¡s¡ra szolg¡l³ lyukk¡rtyavez©rl©sű mechanikus sz¡mol³g©p©t (Difference Engine=differenciag©p) . K¶vetkező, műveletsorok kisz¡m­t¡s¡ra is alkalmas programozhat³ g©pe (Analitical Engine=analiz¡l³g©p) a mai modern elektronikus sz¡m­t³g©pek elődj©nek tekinthető. BABITS Mih¡ly (1883—1941): k¶ltő, ­r³, műford­t³, essz©ista, az MTA tagja (1940). A Nyugat első nemzed©k©nek kiemelkedő k©pviselője, a k©t vil¡gh¡borº k¶z¶tti magyar polg¡ri irodalom egyik ir¡ny­t³ja. A Nyugat szerkesztője (1919—29-ben Osv¡t Ernővel, 1929—33-ban M³ricz Zsigmonddal, 1933-t³l hal¡l¡ig egyed¼l). 1927-től a Baumgarten-alap­tv¡ny irodalmi kur¡tora. M¡r fiatal l­rikusk©nt a klasszikus form¡k mestere. Rokonszenvezett az 1918—19-es forradalmi mozgalmakkal; a Tan¡csk¶zt¡rsas¡g megd¶nt©se ut¡n ez©rt t¡mad¡sok ©rt©k, melyekre mentegetőző tanulm¡nnyal felelt (

55. Publications 2000 - 2003 Lemma bartholin, erasmus (16251698) . In (Ed.), W. Applebaum (ed.), Encyclopediaof the scientific revolution. From Copernicus to Kepler. (pp. 75-75). http://www.bbt.utwente.nl/kennisinst/cssts/research/web public 2000-2003.doc/sci

Centre for Studies of Science, Technology and Society (BBT) Home Research About CSSTS What's new ... Links Printversie Publications 2000 - 2003 Scientific Publications Techniek in Nederland in de twintigste eeuw - Deel III. (pp. 353-369). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. isbn. 9057300664. Tijdschrift voor sociale geschiedenis, 28 (3), 139, issn. 0303-9935. Tijdschrift voor sociale geschiedenis, 28 (3), 257-272, issn. 0303-9935. Eating out in Europe. Picnic, gourmet dining and snacks since the late eighteenth century. (pp. 317-334). Oxford [etc.]: Berg. isbn. 1-85973-658-0. IFOAM 2000: the world grows organic: proceedings 13th international IFOAM scientific conference, Convention Center Basel 28 to 31 August 2000. (pp. 501-501). Zurich. isbn. 372812754X. BSE Saga in Europe: Lessons and Perspectives. Final Report of the European BASES-project (Buildling a Common Database on Scientific Research and Public Decision on TSEs on Europe) of the concerted Action BMH4-CT98-6057 of the Biomed Programme TSE Joint Call. Grenoble, Frankrijk: INRA-institute, 106 pp. Tijdschrift voor genderstudies, 5

56. AIP Niels Bohr Library More by this author. bartholin, erasmus, 16251698. Subjects. Refraction, Double Early works to 1800. by author bartholin, erasmus, 1625-1698. by title http://libserv.aip.org:81/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!13011~!0&profile=aip

57. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Ole Christensen Roem There he lived and studied with erasmus bartholin, a professor of medicinebetter known for his discovery of double refraction in Iceland spar. http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/roemer.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Ole Christensen Roemer Ole Christensen Roemer was the son of a merchant, born in Aarhus, Denmark on September 25, 1644. He attended Aarhus Cathedral School in his youth and upon graduation in 1662 was sent to Copenhagen University. There he lived and studied with Erasmus Bartholin, a professor of medicine better known for his discovery of double refraction in Iceland spar. Bartholin greatly esteemed Roemer and appointed him the task of editing Tycho Brahe's manuscripts. Roemer carried on the project from 1664 to 1670 and, in 1671, journeyed to Hveen with Bartholin and Jean Picard in order to observe Brahe's observatory. In 1672, Roemer accompanied Picard back to France and began working at the Royal Observatory in Paris. Soon after, he was appointed astronomy tutor of the Dauphin by King Louis XIV, but also continued research at the observatory under the patronage of the French Academy of Sciences. While there, he became revered for his mechanical skill and inventive mind. He constructed several planispheres, a Saturnilabium, a Jovilabium, and an advanced micrometer that was quickly adopted into general use. In 1679, he was sent to England to examine the measurement capabilities of a pendulum being constructed by the Royal Society and met many of the top scientific minds of the day, including Sir Isaac Newton, John Flamsteed, and Edmond Halley. Speed of Light - Starting with Ole Roemer's 1676 breakthrough endeavors, the speed of light has been measured at least 163 times by more than 100 investigators utilizing a wide variety of different techniques. Finally in 1983, more than 300 years after the first serious measurement attempt, the speed of light was defined as being 299,792.458 kilometers per second by the Seventeenth General Congress on Weights and Measures. Thus, the meter is defined as the distance light travels through a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 seconds. In general, however, (even in many scientific calculations) the speed of light is rounded to 300,000 kilometers (or 186,000 miles) per second.

58. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - 1600 To 1699 the geometry of light refraction and reflection more precisely, Francesco Grimalditheorized that light has a wave nature, erasmus bartholin discovered double http://www.microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/1600-1699.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home The seventeenth century brought astronomical changes to the world of science and optics, literally and figuratively. The invention of the telescope and microscope in the 1590s triggered enormous interest in exploring previously unobservable realms. The observations made from those explorations would transform human understanding of the world and the universe. In 1608, Hans Lippershey made improvements to the original design of the telescope and reported them to Galileo. Within a year, Galileo had built his own telescope and discovered the moons of Jupiter, one of the observations that validated the Copernican theory. However, the Church at that time was not willing to accept his findings and he was forced to publicly recant his support of the Copernican worldview. In the second half of the century, Robert Hooke and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek published books with some of the observations they had made through their microscopes. The books included illustrations as well as descriptions, captivating readers with previously unknown details of everyday objects and the previously unseen world of microbes. With better tools and a greater tolerance of observation and experimentation, scientists began to broaden their understanding of the natural world. In 1604, Johannes Kepler published a major work on the nature of light and optics, expanding on Witelo's

59. Lm_ala_oikea_yla bartholin, erasmus De figura nivis dissertatio. LanguageLatin TypeMonograph Microfiche Year1661 PlaceHafniae http://kirjwww.oulu.fi/mcard/lm_ala_oikea_yla.asp?paratid=26

60. Lm_ala_oikea_yla bartholin, erasmus De cometis anni MDCLXIV. MDCLXV. Opusculumex observationibus Hauniae habitis adornatum. LanguageLatin http://kirjwww.oulu.fi/mcard/lm_ala_oikea_yla.asp?paratid=23

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