21. Charles Babbage Links and references. http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/babbage.html

Some links to information on Charles Babbage Many of the molecular machines proposed for nanotechnology implement on the nanoscale designs that would seem more familiar at the macroscopic scale. One type of molecular machine that has attracted particular attention has been the molecular mechanical computer . While such computers are unlikely to be as fast as future electronic computers they are conceptually simple and relatively easy to design and analyze, making them attractive targets for theoretical analysis and strong evidence that molecular computation is feasible. Perhaps the most famous mechanical computer was Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, first proposed in the 1830's. This page has links to information on Babbage and a few comments by Doron Swade on a proposal by Fowler in 1841 for a type of mechanical rod logic, a proposal of particular interest in light of more recent proposals by Drexler (see chapter 12 of Nanosystems ) for nanomechanical computation which implement binary logic operations using molecular "rods." It is interesting to contemplate the effect on history if Babbage had realized that a stored program computer could be made using relays. Such a computer could have been built in the 1800's, and would have advanced the use of the modern computer by almost a century.

22. Charles Babbage -- Part II 10, No. 3. Wilkes, Maurice V. 19833. babbage, charles in Ralston, Anthony, andEdwin D. Reilly, Jr. 1983. Significant Publications. babbage, charles. 1825. http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.2.html

THE MISANTHROPE Babbage was known as a "mathematical Timon". In his later years he came to suffer from a mechanist's misanthropy, regarding men as fools and grubby thieves. By 1861 he said he had never spent a happy day in his life, and would gladly give up the rest of it if he could live three days 500 years thence. Laughed at by costermongers and viscounts, met with diffidence by his lessers, the impatient Babbage grew angry, like the cave-dwelling Timon, with a changing world. Nevertheless, as his friend Lionel Tollemache wrote, "there was something harmless and even kindly in his misanthropy, for... he hated mankind rather than man, and his aversion was lost in its own generality". Like Shakespeare's Timon, Babbage would have made a fascinating leader. (Sheepshanks, of course, disagreed: "I don't know any Government office or any other office for which he is fit, certainly none which requires sense and good temper".) What a delightful, if distracting, place it would be where Babbage was in charge. Consider his plan in Economy of Manufactures for a "simple contrivance of tin tubes for speaking through". (Babbage calculated it would take 17 minutes for words spoken in London to reach Liverpool.) Or his plan for sending messages "enclosed in small cylinders", along wires suspended from high pillars (he thought church steeples could be used for this purpose.)

23. Charles Babbage Institute Center For The History Of Information charles babbage Institute Center for the History of Information Technology The charles babbage Institute (CBI), located at the University of Minnesota, emphasizes the importance "of the history http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/index.html&y=0210B49

24. SJSU Virtual Museum charles babbage, was born in England on December 26, 1792. He attended Cambridge University. Later, in 1816, he became a fellow of the Royal Society. During his working career he was a professor of http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/bab.html

Charles Babbage, was born in England on December 26, 1792. He attended Cambridge University. Later, in 1816, he became a fellow of the Royal Society. During his working career he was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University. Babbage is known for his ideas about building an "analytical engine", the predecessor of the digital computer. He proposed operations research which involves the idea of using machines to perform routine mathematical operations and thus deleting drudgery and errors in human calculation. Although he never built his computer, his ideas influenced those who later carried out his ideas. Among Babbage's writings are Reflections on the Decline of Science in England written in 1831 and On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1833). Babbage died on October 18, 1871. References Archibald, R.C. (1949). Outline of the History of Mathematics . New York: Mathematics Association of America. Cajori, F. (1980). A History of Mathematics . New York: Chelsea House. Eves. H. (1976). An Introduction to the History of Mathematics . New York. Multicultural Mathematics . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Struik, D.J. (1987).

25. Charles Babbage's First Difference Engine Contains archival source material and graphics, together with a discussion of the Mathematics of the Engine. http://mycetes.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/babbage/default.htm

Charles Babbage's First Difference Engine Photo of the 1832 Fragment of a Difference Engine Picture of Babbage from Mechanical Magazine [Click on images to enlarge] Mail Me Archives Difference Engine No.1 Surviving Archives and Other Sources Archives List History by C.J.D. Roberts History of Difference Engine No. 1 Origin of Motion Charts for DE1 Origin of Motion Chart for DE1 On the Mathematics of Babbage's First Difference Engine Method of Differences Benjamin Herschel Babbage's Manual to operate Difference Engine BH Babbage Manual Marshall's Description of the operation of the 1832 Fragment Difference Engine Marshall Babbage's Difference Engine: How it was intended to work Babbage's First Difference Engine Analysis of the Expenditure on Babbage's Difference Engine No.1 Expenditure Letters from the Bromhead Collection Bromhead Letters etc. form the Forbes Collection Forbes Croker Papers Croker Baron de Prony's Description of the Construction of Tables by the Method of Diffferences Prony Various Pictures of Babbage Babbage Pictures Various Pictures and Graphics Pictures Maps and Plans Maps Correspondence in the British Libary Manuscripts Department VOL 1 VOL 2 1833 - Undated Sir Robert Peel Correspondence Peel JFW Herschel's letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer 1842 Correspondence in the Public Record Office a) Public Records Office Kew Archives of the British Government Treasury Department Treasury Papers Accounts Authorisation for Building Works b) Public Records Offfice Chancery Lane

26. Babbage Biography of charles babbage (17911871) charles babbage. Born 26 Dec 1791 in London, England Both the date and place of charles babbage's birth were uncertain but have now been firmly established http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html

Charles Babbage Born: 26 Dec 1791 in London, England Died: 18 Oct 1871 in London, England Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Both the date and place of Charles Babbage 's birth were uncertain but have now been firmly established. In [1] and [11], for example, his date of birth is given as 26 December 1792 and both give the place of his birth as near Teignmouth. Also in [17] it is stated:- Little is known of Mr Babbage's parentage and early youth except that he was born on December However, a nephew wrote to The Times a week after the obituary [17] appeared, saying that Babbage was born on 26 December 1791. There was little evidence to prove which was right until Hyman (see [7]) in 1975 found that Babbage's birth had been registered in St Mary's Newington, London on 6 January 1792. Babbage's father was Benjamin Babbage, a banker, and his mother was Betsy Plumleigh Babbage. Given the place that his birth was registered Hyman says in [7] that it is almost certain that Babbage was born in the family home of 44 Crosby Row, Walworth Road, London. Babbage suffered ill health as a child, as he relates in [3]:-

27. Sdc: Site {computer History} The author takes the user through a short tour of computer history including subjects such as advances in the 50's and 60's. Also includes photos of charles babbage and Herman Hollerith. http://www.softlord.com/comp/

A Short History of the Computer (b.c. - 1993a.d.) by Jeremy Meyers I DO NOT HAVE ANY OTHER INFORMATION ON THIS TOPIC OTHER THAN WHAT IS ON THIS PAGE! PLEASE DO NOT E-MAIL ME REQUESTING MORE INFORMATION! Instead, check Yahoo Download this paper in PDF format Note: Yes, a lot of this is from Groliers Encyclopaedia. Hey, I was young. I didn't know any better. Credit where credit is due. Also, this information is only current as of the early 1990's (1993, to be exact), and no I'm not planning to add more information anytime soon. Citing This Work You are welcome to use this document as a reference in creating your own paper or research work on the subject. Please don't just copy this paper verbatim and submit it as your own work, as I put a lot of time and effort into it. Plus, it's bad karma. If you would like to use this work, please use this citation in your bibliography: Meyers, Jeremy, "A Short History of the Computer" [Online] Available <http://www.softlord.com/comp/> <Date you accessed this page> Table of Contents: In The Beginning...

28. CHARLES BABBAGE babbage, charles (17921871), English mathematician and mechanician, was born on the 26th of December 1792 at Teignmouth in Devonshire. He was educate in the infinitesimal calculus. babbage's attention seems to have been very early http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/B/BA/BABBAGE_CHARLES.htm

CHARLES BABBAGE BABBAGE, CHARLES See Monthly Notices, Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 32. BABADAG BABBAGE, CHARLES

29. Biography Search babbage, charles (17911871) from Eric Weisstein s World of babbage, charles (1791-1871), This entry contributed by MargheritaBarile. Dubbey, J. M. The Mathematical Work of charles babbage. http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=7336

30. Charles Babbage Institute: EXHIBITS > Cray Research Virtual Museum Information about Seymour Cray and photographs of the machines. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/cray/

About Seymour Cray About the museum Arrangement of the museum Smithsonian oral history interview, 1995 About Seymour Cray From 1950 to 1957, Cray held several positions with Engineering Research Associates (ERA) of St. Paul, Minnesota. At ERA, he worked on the development of the ERA 1101 scientific computer for the U.S. government. Later, he had design responsibility for a major portion of the ERA 1103, the first commercially successful scientific computer. While with ERA, Cray worked with computer technologies ranging from vacuum tubes and magnetic amplifiers to transistors. He inventeda number of technologies that were patented by the companies for which he worked; among the most significant are the Cray-1 vector register technology, the cooling technologies for the Cray-2 computer, the CDC 6600 freon-cooling system, and a magnetic amplifier for ERA. He also contributed to the Cray-1 cooling technology design. Cray was a founder of the Control Data Corporation in 1957 and was responsible for the design of that company's most successful large-scale computers, the CDC 1604, 6600, and 7600 systems. He served as a director for CDC from 1957 to 1965 and was senior vice president at the time of his departure in 1972, when he founded Cray Research to design and build the world's highest performance general-purpose supercomputers. His Cray-1 computer established a new standard in supercomputing upon its introduction in 1976. In 1981, he devoted himself full time to the Cray-2 project as an independent contractor for Cray Research, and the Cray-2, introduced in 1985, moved supercomputing forward yet again.

31. Martínez, Ausiàs Amb enlla§os a altres p gines fetes per ell, com ara un treball sobre la vida charles babbage o Cancamusa , un cercador personal. http://perso.wanadoo.es/ausiasj/

32. MSN Encarta - Babbage, Charles Search Barnes Noble.com for books about babbage, charles. News. Search MSNBC for news about babbage, charles ( 17921871), British mathematician and inventor, who designed and built http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761574748

33. Project Gutenberg Titles By Babbage, Charles Project Gutenberg Titles by. charles babbage. http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/author?name=Babbage, Charles

34. Project Gutenberg Edition Of Reflections On The Decline Of Science In England, A Project Gutenberg Presents. Reflections on the Decline of Sciencein England, and on Some of Its Causes. by charles babbage. Project http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=1216

35. Mark IV User Group 1969-79 Details of the archiving of Evan Linick's collection of published proceedings of the Mark IV User Group (IV League) by the charles babbage Institute at the University of Minnesota. http://www.cbi.umn.edu/collections/inv/cbi130.htm

36. The Babbage Pages: Ada Lovelace Read about this mathematician and scientist. Focuses on her work with scientist charles babbage. http://www.ex.ac.uk/BABBAGE/ada.html

Augusta Ada Lovelace Augusta Ada Byron was born on 10 December 1815. She was named after Augusta, Byron's half sister, who had been his mistress. After Byron had left for the Continent with a parting shot - 'When shall we three meet again?' - Ada was brought up by her mother. The lines from Childe Harold were very well known:- `Is thy face like thy mother's, my fair child! Ada! sole daughter of my house and of my heart? When last I saw thy young blue eyes they smiled' And then we parted,-not as now we part, but with a hope.' and as Byron's daughter Ada acquired the romance that attached to everyone associated with that magnificent poete maudit. In 1833 Ada met Babbage and was fascinated with both him and his Engines. Later Ada became a competent student of mathematics, which was most unusual for a woman at the time. She translated a paper on Babbage's Engines by General Menabrea, later to be prime minister of the newly united Italy. Under Babbage's careful supervision Ada added extensive notes (c.f. Science and Reform, Selected Works of Charles Babbage

37. Babbage, Charles 1871, babbage stirbt in London. Erfindungen von charles babbage. http://www.schule.bremen.de/schulen/vegesack/kurse11/inf27/Nicole & Nico/NOFRAME

Charles Babbage Allgemein Wichtige Stationen seines Lebens Babbage wurde in Teignmouth (England) geboren Babbage macht in Cambridge sein Magister in Philosophie Er beginnt mit der Arbeit an seiner Differenzialmaschine, mit finanzieller Hilfe des British Government C. Babbage wird Mitglied bei den "Lucasion Chair of Mathematics", obwohl er nie eine Vorlesung hielt Das British Government subventioniert nicht mehr C. Babbages Arbeit Die Stadt Wellington subventioniert C. Babbage Projekt Beginn mit der Entwicklung der Analytischen Maschine C. Babbage gibt den Bau der Analytischen Maschine auf Babbage stirbt in London Erfindungen von Charles Babbage Dynamo heutige Eisenbahnschienen Heliograph Differenzialmaschine Analytische Maschine (nicht fertiggestellt) das Prinzip der Denkweise von heutigen Computern Verfasser: Nicole Freter Nico Mayer Verantwortlicher gymvege@uni-bremen.de Quellen: Text: http://www.histech.rwth-aachen.de/www/quellen/Histcomp/Babbage.html Bild: http://www.rdt.monash.edu.au/~jhs/MachineNames/babbage.html

38. WEB SITE CHARLES BABBAGE Carreras t©cnicas y docentes, con informaci³n sobre calendario de inscripciones y seminarios. http://www.charlesbabbage.edu.ar/

SitioVirtual Introduccion SitioVirtual Introduccion SitioVirtual CarrerasASI SitioVirtual Biblioteca Marco General Cursos General

39. Babbage, Charles Translate this page http://www.schule.bremen.de/schulen/vegesack/kurse11/inf27/Nicole & Nico/BABBAGE

oder Microsoft Internet Explorer benutzen. Wenn sie hier klicken kommen sie zu einer Seite ohne Frames

40. Charles Babbage Stories involving babbage. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/people/charles_babbage/

Search: Wired News Animations Wired Magazine HotBot (the Web) - Apr 1998 Babbage Writer The Difference Engine, an enormous mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage in the 1820s, is getting its first peripheral: an elaborate mechanical printer, also from a Babbage blueprint. RELATED READING Search for books on Web Sites Learn about Charles Babbage's designs for the Analytical Machine and Difference Engine, major contributions to the development of the modern computer. Here you'll find biographical information on Babbage, "the father of computing." - Feb 1997 5.02: Electric Word " Charles Babbage(inventor of Analytical Engine) "Here's a guy who set out to eliminate error from the world and invents a machine that founders in grandiose ambitions. Other Stories - May 1998 6.05: Street Cred Is this the film every digital dame has been waiting for to finally put Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, and Steve Jobs in their proper place? Was software invented by a woman? A brilliant woman whom Charles Babbage accused of being "eccentric and promiscuous"? Lady Ada, countess of Lovelace, is the subject of Conceiving Ada, a compelling sci-fi tale about the mother of software. - Nov 1997 The Godfather The Manhattan Project, Silicon Valley, The World Wide Web. Wherever you look in the information age, Vannevar Bush was there first.

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