61. Wednesday Discussion Meetings A brief survey of the development of astronomy in India through the vedanga Jyothisya,aryabhata, BhaskaraI, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara-ii, Ganesh Daivajna and the http://www.iisc.ernet.in/nias/wlec.htm

Wednesday Discussion Meetings For details of Wednesday Discussion Meeting please contact the Co-ordinator, Dr Sangeetha Menon at smenon@nias.iisc.ernet.in Time: Venue: NIAS Lecture Hall 12 May 2004 Speaker: Prof. Prabhakar G Vaidya pgvaidya@nias.iisc.ernet.in Topic: The Hopes, Dreams and Delusions of the Mathematical Modelling Unit at NIAS, IISc Campus Abstract: There is a fond hope, expressed by J.R.D, Tata and others that Mathematics can play the role of the 'best supporting actor' in a wide range of subjects from Politics to Biology. At the minimum, Maynard Smith claimed, that Mathematics will help us understand the 'consequences of our assumptions'.It is my suspicion that these sort of hopes led to the dream in the mind of Professor Narasimha. What has happened to the dream? This talk will begin by describing, without too many Mathematical details, the achievements and failures experienced by the Mathematical Modelling Unit in the last five years. I would discuss what possible avenues lie ahead and seek a feed back from, a wide range of audience. It is hoped that at least

62. 19752 Type Atmosphere. Spacecraft aryabhata. Perigee 398 km. LV ConfigurationTitan 3C s/n 23C7. FAILURE Partial Failure. DSCS ii-05 Program DSCS. http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/chrono/19752.htm

This page no longer updated from 31 October 2001. Latest version can be found at www.astronautix.com astronautix.com Chronology - 1975 - Quarter 2 Previous Quarter Next Quarter - 1975 Apr 1 - - 12:28 GMT. Nation : USSR. Launch Site Plesetsk Launch Vehicle Vostok 8A92M Meteor 1-21 Payload : Meteor M no. 21. Mass : 3,800 kg. Class: Earth Type : Weather. Spacecraft Meteor M Perigee : 852 km. Apogee : 883 km. Inclination : 81.2 deg. Period : 102.3 min. COSPAR Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. References: - 1975 Apr 2 - - 11:02 GMT. Nation : USSR. Launch Site Baikonur Launch Complex Launch Vehicle Tsyklon 2 Cosmos 723 Program: RORSAT Payload : US-A no. 10. Mass : 3,800 kg. Class: Surveillance Type : Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft US-A Perigee : 899 km. Apogee : 961 km. Inclination : 64.7 deg. Period : 103.6 min. COSPAR Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered. References: - 1975 Apr 5 - - 11:02 GMT. Nation : USSR. Launch Site Baikonur Launch Vehicle Soyuz 11A511 LV Configuration : Soyuz 11A511. FAILURE : During second-third stage seperation third stage failed to separate from second stage but still ignited. Soyuz 18-1 Program: Salyut Payload : Soyuz 7K-T s/n 39.

63. 80.07.11: A Chronological History Of ¹ With Developmental Activities In Problem Refer to Activity ii). During the sixth century, there lived a Hindu mathematician,aryabhata, whose best known work, written in 499 was the Aryabhatiya, a slim http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/7/80.07.11.x.html

Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home A Chronological History of ¹ with Developmental Activities in Problem Solving by Anthony P. Solli Contents of Curriculum Unit 80.07.11: Introduction Prerequisites Level Part I: Chronological History ... To Guide Entry Introduction : The unit begins with a historical development of ¹ and proceeds with examples of activities to help students develop a deeper appreciation of the mathematical beauty and values of ¹. Prerequisites : Students should have at least a working knowledge of fractions and decimals, plus an intuitive understanding of the nomenclature, terminology, vocabulary, and formulae of basic geometry. Level: The historical part of this unit may be used in any grade level, preferably middle school. The activities part could be used in any middle school level, although it is recommended for average and above average groups working in small groups or independently. It also may be used as a motivational or summary part of a geometry unit or pre algebra course. The length of time needed could be a week or two, depending on the amount of time you would spend on the history of ~r and doing all or some of the suggested activities.

64. NGZ Neujahrsblatt 1970 Translate this page Samos B. Seleukos von Seleukia C. Teukros der Babylonier Kapitel ii Das Grosse Yuga-SystemKapitel iiI Persische und indische Astronomie A. aryabhata B. Die http://www.ngzh.ch/Neuj1970.html

NGZ-Neujahrsblatt 1970, 55S., 4Fig. Das heliozentrische System in der griechischen, persischen und indischen Astronomie B.L. van der Waerden Umschlagbild: German only Inhalt: Einleitung Kapitel 1: Das heliozentrische System in der griechischen Astronomie A. Aristarchos von Samos B. Seleukos von Seleukia C. Teukros der Babylonier Kapitel II: Das Grosse Jahr und die ewige Wiederkehr B. Die Wiederkehr aller Dinge bei den Pythagoreern und Platon C. Hippasos und Herakleitos E. Die babylonischen Quellen G. Zervanismus und Astralfatalismus H. Das indische Yuga-System Kapitel III: Persische und indische Astronomie A. Aryabhata B. Die Tafeln des Shah C. AI-Khwarizmi E. Das Weltjahr der Perser Kapitel IV: Die Konjunktion des Jahres - 3101 A. Beobachtung oder Rechnung? C. Das Alter des persischen Systems D. Die Entdeckung der Konjunktion E. Zusammenfassung Zusatz bei der Korrektur Literatur Einleitung: Der erste, der diese These vertrat, war Aristarchos von Samos um 280 vor Chr. Er ist der Urheber der heliozentrischen Hypothese. Vorgeschlagener Stammbaum: -280 Aristarchos -200 Apollonius Seleukos von Seleukia Hellenistische Tafeln?

65. Chronology - 1975 - Quarter 2 Type Atmosphere. Spacecraft aryabhata. Agency ISRO. Model Titan iiIC. LV ConfigurationTitan iiIC 23C7. FAILURE Partial Failure. DSCS ii-05 Nation USA. http://www.astronautix.com/chrono/19752.htm

Encyclopedia Astronautica astronautix.com topic index space wire The regret on our side is, they used to say years ago, we are reading about you in science class. Now they say, we are reading about you in history class. Armstrong 1975 - Quarter 2 Previous Quarter Chronology Index Next Quarter 1975 Apr 1 - 12:30 GMT - Launch Site Plesetsk Launch Vehicle Vostok 8A92M Model : Vostok 8A92M. Meteor 1-21 Nation : USSR. Payload : Meteor M no. 21. Mass : 3,800 kg. Class: Earth Type : Weather. Spacecraft Meteor M Agency : MOM. Perigee : 853 km. Apogee : 884 km. Inclination : 81.2 deg. Period : 102.3 min. COSPAR USAF Sat Cat Acquisition of meteorological information needed for use by the weather service. References: 1975 Apr 2 - 11:00 GMT - Launch Site Baikonur Launch Complex Launch Pad Launch Vehicle Tsyklon 2 Model : Tsiklon-2. Cosmos 723 Nation : USSR. Program: RORSAT Mass : 3,800 kg. Class: Surveillance Type : Naval Radarsat. Spacecraft US-A Agency : MO SSSR. Perigee : 899 km. Apogee : 961 km. Inclination : 64.7 deg. Period : 103.6 min. COSPAR USAF Sat Cat Decay Date : 15 July 1975.

66. Index Crateres 1 Translate this page Arrhenius VI. Artemis 20. Artsimovich 19. aryabhata 36. Arzachel 55. Asada 37. Asclepi74. Born 49. Boscovich 34. Boss 16, ii. Bouguer -2. Boussingault 74, 75. Bowen 23. http://r.aberlin.free.fr/lune/index/crateres/1.htm

Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune, Lune, lune Index de Abbot a de Morgan B C D retour Index General ... Accueil Une fois en bas, utilisez la barre pour remonter ! Abbot 37 Abel 69, IV Abenezra 56 Abetti 24 Abulfeda 45 Acosta 49 Adams 69 Agatharchides 52 Agrippa 34 Airy 55, 56 Al-Bakri 24, 35 Al-Biruni III Al-Marrakushi 48 Albategnius 44, 45 Aldrin 35 Alexander 13 Alfraganus 46 Alhazen 27 Aliacensis 55, 65 Almanon 56 Alpetragius 55 Alphonsus 44, 55 Ameghino 38 Ammonius 44 Amontons 48 Amundsen 73, 74, V Anaxagoras 4 Anaximander 2 Anaximenes 3 Andersson VI Andêl 45 Angström 19 Ansgarius 49, IV Anuchin V Anville 37 Apianus 56 Apollonius 38 Arago 35 Aratus 22 Archimedes 12,22 Archytas 4 Argelander 56 Ariadaeus 35 Aristarchus 18 Aristillus 12 Aristoteles 5 Armstrong 35 Arnold 5 Arrhenius VI Artemis 20 Artsimovich 19 Aryabhata 36 Arzachel 55 Asada 37 Asclepi 74 Aston 8, VIII Atlas 15 Atwood 49 Autolycus 12 Auwers 24 Auzout 38 Avery 49, IV

67. History Of Indian Astronomy aryabhata the First s system was followed by astronomers in Kerala (a being CandracchyaganitaI by Paramesvara, followed by Candracchayaganita ii by Nilakantha http://www.stormpages.com/swadhwa/hofa/ia.html

History of Indian Astronomy Suggested Text Treasures of Ancient Indian Astronomy A ncient Indians' interest in astronomy was an extension of their religious preoccupations and inasmuch, astronomy and mathematics ran parallel. Both were faithful to the needs of objectivity and subjectivity. Astronomy began as mere wonder at what was observed in the heavens above, grew into a systematic observation and speculation, hence forward into scientific inquiry and interpretation, finally emerging as a sophisticated discipline. Mystical interpretations of the movement of stars and planets developed into astrological science, and astronomy grew into a major factor in the intellectual pursuits of different cultural periods. The chief sources of astronomy-related information are the Vedic texts, Jain literature, and the siddhantas (texts), as also the endeavours in Kerala. Some seals of the Indus Valley period are believed to yield information of the knowledge available to those early settlers, as also the orientation of certain constructions clearly governed by such considerations. An interesting aspect is the Jantar Mantar observatories built by Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur. There are 5 such structures for measuring time and for astronomy-related calculations, at New Delhi, Varanasi, Jaipur, Mathura and Ujjain. These eighteenth century astrolabes are important for both scientific and architectural reasons. Sawai Jai Singh, in his determination to provide accurate astrological tables, ordered these gigantic structures of stone. The Jaipur observatory includes the largest sundial in the world with a 90 feet high projecting arm (the gnomon). The measurements achieved by these Jantar Mantars were particularly impressive for their time - the astronomical table was very accurate and in some instances, better than contemporary western ones. This table was published in Persian and Sanskrit as the Zij Muhammad Shahi. The time was and is calculated by a study of the shadows cast by the central straight walls on to the curved walls beyond. The weather forecasts and other information provided by these sundials are very much in use at present, for religious and practical purposes.

68. Aryabhatt : Vedic Astrology Lessons ii. Order of the planets aryabhata describes the order of planets thus Beneaththe asterisms lie (the planets) Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus http://www.aryabhatt.com/vediclessons/vediclesson5.htm

Home Vedic Lessons Index Suggestions LESSON 3 : ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS OF ASTRONOMY (Part -3) The concept of sidereal time The earth rotates around its axis in 24 hours, in what may be termed a mean solar day. In other words, the mean solar day is a function of earth's rotation in relation to the Sun. Considered with reference to any fixed star in the zodiac, the earth completes its one rotation in approximately 23 hours and 56 minutes (23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.09 seconds, to be precise). One rotation of the earth in relation to a fixed star is called a sidereal day. Said in another manner, a sidereal day is the time interval between two successive transits of a fixed star over the meridian of a place. A sidereal day is 3 minutes and 56 seconds (or roughly 4 minutes) shorter than the mean solar day. A sidereal day consists of 24 sidereal hours. Time reckoned according to this method is called the sidereal time .Since the sidereal time considers the angular rotation of the earth in relation to the fixed stars of the zodiac

69. Alphabetical Indez Of Spacecrafts Arsene, Artemis, aryabhata, ASC 1, ASC 2, Aureole 1, Aureole 2, Aureole, Aurora 1,Aurorae, Aurora ii, Aurora iiI, AUSSAT 1, Aussat 2, AUSSAT K3, Aussat B model,Aussat B1. http://www.sciencepresse.qc.ca/clafleur/Spacecrafts-alpha.html

Alphabetical index f all spacecrafts A B C D ... Z 0 to 9 Target — A — A-1 / Asterix A-302 AAP-1 Able 1 ... Azur 1 — B — BARD / Badr-A Badr B BATSAT BE-B ... BWASS R1 — C — Cakrawarta 1 Calsphere 1 Calsphere 1 Calsphere 2 ... CX-1 — D — D-1A Diapason 1 D-2A Tournesol D-2A Polaire D-5A Pollux ... DUVE — E — Early Bird EarlyBird e-Bird Echo A-10 ... Eyesat 1 — F — Faisat FAISAT-2V Falcon Gold FalconSat 1 ... FY-1D / Fengyun 1D — G — Galaxy 1 Galaxy 2R Galaxy 3 Galaxy 6 ... GeoLITE (NASA) GEOS 1 GEOS 2 GEOS 3 (ESA) GEOS 1 GEOS 2 Geosat 1 Geosat ... GMS-5 (NOAA) GOES 1 GOES 2 GOES 3 GOES 4 ... Gurwin Techsat 1B (GO-32) — H — Hagoromo Hakucho Haruka Hawkeye 1 ... Helios 1B Hellas Sat 1: see Kopernikus DFS-3 Hellas Sat 2 Hermes HESSI ... HY-1 / Hai Yang 1 — I — IAE IBSS-SPAS ICESAT ICO F-1 ... IUE — J — JAK Artemis Picosat Thelma Artemis Picosat (Thunder) Louise Artemis Picosat (Lightnin) JAS-1 ... Jumpseat 7 — K — Kakehashi KF 1 KH-1 KH-1 ... Kwangmyongsong 1 — Kosmos — Kosmos 2 Kosmos Kosmos 3 Kosmos 5 ... Kosmos 171 / OGCh (FOBS #7) Kosmos 178 / OGCh (FOBS #8) Kosmos 179 / OGCh (FOBS #9) Kosmos 183 / OGCh (FOBS #10) Kosmos 187 / OGCh (FOBS #11) ... Kosmos 2281 / Zenit-8 / Oblik (Priroda) — L — LACROSSE 1 Lacrosse 2 Lacrosse 3 LACE ... LUSAT LO-19 — M — MABES Mabuhay Macsat 1 / M1 Macsat 2 / M2 ... Mightysat 2.1

70. Kings Of Sri-Lanka1)Parakramabahu I (1153-1186) (Mother Tilokosundari From Kalin 467 AD. Last known date of Skanda Gupta. 473 AD. Kumara Gupta ii. 476 AD. Birthof the astronomer aryabhata. 477495 AD. Reign of Budha Gupta. 507-508 AD. http://www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/slm-indianhistory.htm

Sri Lanka Genealogy Website Chronology of Indian History 1435 BC Aryan Kings in Western Asia. 1414 BC Date of the Bharata War according to certain Puranas. 1375 BC Worship of Aryan deities in the land of the Mitanni. 817 BC Traditional date of the birth of Parsvanatha. 558 BC Accession of Cyrus the Great, conqueror of Kapisi. 544 BC Era of Buddha’s Nirvana. 527 BC Era of Mahavira’s Nirvana. 522 BC Accession of Darius I, conqueror of the "Indian" satrapy of the Persian Empire. 518-517 BC Naval Expedition of Skylax and conquest of the Indian satrapy. 486 BC Cantonese date of Buddha’s Nirvana. 327-326 BC Invasion of India by Alexander. 325 BC Alexander leaves India. 324 BC Rise of the Maurya Dynasty. 313 BC Jaina date of the year of Chandragupta’s accession, probably as ruler of Avanti. 273-232 BC The reign of Asoka. 206 BC Indian Expedition of Antiochos III, King of Syria. 187 BC Rise of the Dynasty of Pushyamitra. 165 BC Plato, King of Bactria. 162 BC Latest possible date for the assumption of the title "Great" by Eukratides, King of Bactria and the Indian borderland. 145-101 BC Elara Chola, King of Ceylon.

71. Math Et Astronomie L Inde Antique Translate this page petit pour le soleil presque vingt-huit fois et même les mesures calculées avantpar Bhaskara ii qui était ni environ six ans ans après aryabhata pour la http://astronomieantique.ifrance.com/astronomieantique/inde.htm

72. Histoire Des Mathématiques aryabhata extraction des racines carrées et cubiques ;règle de Vers 1000 le pape Silvestre ii (940-1003) réintroduit en Occident l http://www.quid.fr/2000/Q005890.htm

Accueil Tout sur tout Villes et villages de France Atlas Sélections Web ... Web pratique Aujourd'hui Lundi 31 Mai Ste Perrette Quid 2004 36 860 Villes et Villages Atlas du Monde Abonnement S'abonner à quid.fr Quid Premium Mon compte Renouvellement Support / Questions Le Monde Fiches Drapeaux (211) Planisphère Cartes (1147) ... Comparaisons (250 000 données) La France Carte générale Régions (22) Départements (106) Les 36 860 Villes et Villages (France et DomTom) ... Photos (1519) Téléchargement 36 860 Villes et villages de France sur votre PDA Shopping Achats en gros CD DVD Electroménager ... Voyages Contact Annoncer sur Quid Écrire à Quid Quid 2000 Données Quid 2000; Accéder à plus de 400 000 faits nouveaux avec Quid 2004 Adresses utiles Table des matières Arithmétique, Numération Sciences exactes Avant J.-C. Vers 3000 o Chou-Pei : abacus VI e s. calcul (latin calculus, " petit caillou "). La table de multiplication ou " table de Pythagore e s. er Arithmetica, de Diophante d'Alexandrie. Vers 900 Vers 1000 abacus Ars Magna e Canon mathematicus dans De Thiende Avant J.-C. VI e s.

73. About "História Da Matemática" Translate this page Biografías incluem Abraham bar Hiyya, Abraham ben Erza, Alcuino de York, Ananiade Shirak, aryabhata I, Bhaskara ii, Leonardo de Pisa, Levi ben Gershon, e http://mathforum.org/library/view/62519.html

Library Home Full Table of Contents Suggest a Link Library Help Visit this site: http://www.malhatlantica.pt/mathis/ Author: Description: Levels: Middle School (6-8) High School (9-12) Languages: Portuguese Resource Types: Reference Sources Math Topics: History and Biography Home The Math Library Quick Reference ... Contact Us http://mathforum.org/

74. .::Vedic Mathematics::. 476. aryabhata I. 870. Sridhara. 1444. Nilakantha. 500. Yativrsabha. 920. aryabhataII. 1500. Jyesthadeva. 505. Varahamihira. 940. Vijayanandi. 1616. Kamalakara. 598.Brahmagupta. http://www.sanalnair.org/articles/vedmath/india.htm

Home Thinking Page Home VEDIC MATHEMATICS Home Introduction Examples Links Ancient Indian mathematics Articles on Indian Mathematics An overview of Indian mathematics Indian numerals The Indian Sulbasutras Jaina mathematics ... Chronology of Pi Ancient Indian mathematicians 800 BC Baudhayana Bhaskara I Brahmadeva 750 BC Manava Lalla Bhaskara II 600 BC Apastamba Govindasvami Mahendra Suri 520 BC Panini Mahavira Narayana 200 BC Katyayana Prthudakasvami Madhava 120 AD Yavanesvara Sankara Paramesvara Aryabhata I ... Jagannatha The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Indexes/Indians.html Thinking Pages Home Feedback Contact Powered by thingal.com Webahn.com

75. Aryabhata Medical Definition Of Aryabhata In The Medical Dictionary. What Is Ary aryabhata. Word Word. aryabhata is not available in the medical dictionary.Try encyclopedia. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Aryabhata

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Aryabhata Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Aryabhata is not available in the medical dictionary. Try: encyclopedia You may also use the word browser links: Full Dictionary Browser Arveleg II (enc.) Arverni (enc.) Arvernien (enc.) Arvernus (enc.) Arveson Township, Minnesota (enc.) Arvicola Arvicola amphibius Arvicole Arvid Horn (enc.) Arvidsjaur (enc.) Arvika (enc.) Arvin Sloane (enc.) Arvin, California (enc.) ARVN (enc.) Arvo Part (enc.) Arvo Pärt (enc.) Arvo Ylppö (enc.) Arvon Township, Michigan (enc.) Arwen (enc.) Arwen Evenstar (enc.) Arwen Undómiel (enc.) ARX (enc.) Arxel Tribe (enc.) ArXiv (enc.) ArXiv.org (enc.) ArXiv.org e-print archive (enc.) Ary (enc.) ARY Digital (enc.) ARY Group (enc.) Arya Samaj (enc.) Aryabhatta (enc.) Aryamehr University of Technology (enc.) Aryan Aryan (enc.) Aryan Brotherhood (enc.) Aryan god (enc.) Aryan invasion (enc.) Aryan invasion theory (enc.) Aryan Nation (enc.) Aryan Nations (enc.) Aryan race (enc.) Aryanism (enc.) Aryanize Aryeh Kaplan (enc.) Aryl (enc.)

76. A Tribute To Hinduism - Hindu Culture2 (source Haug s Aitreya Brahmana Volume ii. p. 242). The Indian astronomer, Aryabhatalived in during the period in which the Surya Siddhanta was composed. http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Hindu_Culture2.htm

h o m e h i n d u c u l t u r e p a r t - 2 c o n t e n t s "India is the world's most ancient civilization. Nowhere on earth can you find such a rich and multi-layered tradition that has remained unbroken and largely unchanged for at least five thousand years. Bowing low before the onslaught of armies, and elements, India has survived every invasion, every natural disaster, every mortal disease and epidemic, the double helix of her genetic code transmitting its unmistakable imprint down five millennia to no less than a billion modern bearers. Indians have demonstrated greater cultural stamina than any other people on earth. The essential basis of Indian culture is Religion in the widest and most general sense of the world. An intuitive conviction that the Divine is immanent in everything permeated every phase of life" says Stanley Wolpert. Indic civilization has enriched every art and science known to man. Thanks to India, we reckon from zero to ten with misnamed "Arabic" numerals (Hindsaa - in Arabic means from India), and use a decimal system without which our modern computer age would hardly have been possible. Science and philosophy were both highly developed disciplines in ancient India. However, because Indian philosophic thought was considerably more mature and found particular favor amongst intellectuals, the traditions persists that any early scientific contribution came solely from the West, Greece in particular. Because of this erroneous belief, which is perpetuated by a wide variety of scholars, it is necessary to briefly examine the history of Indian scientific thought. From the very earliest times, India had made its contribution to the texture of Western thought and living. Michael Edwardes author of British India, writes that throughout the literatures of Europe, tales of Indian origin can be discovered. European mathematics

77. Indiens Historia: Guptadynastin - Wikipedia då. Värdet av pi beräknades för första gången av matematikern Aryabhata499. sydostasien. Förstora Guptariket, ca Chandragupta ii. http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_historia:_Guptadynastin

Indiens historia: Guptadynastin Från Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin. Guptariket var ett rike i Indien , grundat e.Kr. Detta rike innebar en kulturell blomstringsperiod för Indien, och de kända litterära verken Ramayana och Mahabharata skrevs då. Värdet av " pi " beräknades för första gången av matematikern Aryabhata . Samme vetenskapsman fastslog att jorden är rund och roterar runt sin egen axel. Aryabhalta beräknade även solårets längd till exakt 365,358 dagar. Den indiska handeln med romarriket avtog vid tiden för Guptarikets uppkomst. Istället kom man att under Guptariket handla med sydostasien. Guptariket, c:a Chandragupta II Innehåll showTocToggle("visa","göm") 1 Historia 1.1 Samudragupta 1.2 Chandragupta II 1.3 Kumaragupta I ... redigera Historia Under 300-talets politiska och militära kaos i Indien gick Kushanriket . Indien utsattes för upprepade invasioner av främmande riken. Vid detta avgörande tillfälle i historien steg den bihariske Magadha fursten Chandragupta I fram som den indiska nationens räddare. Han bekämpade framgångsrikt ockupanterna och grundlade Guptadynastin, som skulle hålla sig kvar vid makten i 275 år, under en period som ofta kallas Indiens Guldålder. Under kung Chandragupta I stärktes Guptariket genom en framsynt dynastisk politik, där kungen gifte sig med

78. Aryabhata. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 aryabhata. http://www.bartleby.com/65/ar/Aryabhat.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Aryabhata bh KEY CONTENTS INDEX GUIDE ... Click here to download the Dictionary and Thesaurus Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore Welcome Press Advertising ... Bartleby.com

79. Erudyta - Luty 2003 Za czasów panowania dynastii Guptów zyl i dzialal slynny matematyk indyjskiAryabhata zwany pierwszym, w odróznieniu od Aryabhaty ii dzialajacego wX http://1lo.lomza.info/erudyta/lut2003/erudyta/PAG008.htm

POPRZEDNIA STRONA SPIS NASTÊPNA STRONA Aryabhata I (ok. 475 - ) Jeste¶ w: Za czasów panowania dynastii Guptów ¿y³ i dzia³a³ s³ynny matematyk indyjski Aryabhata zwany pierwszym, w odró¿nieniu od Aryabhaty II dzia³aj±cego w X w. Przypuszczalnie urodzi³ siê w 475, albo 476 roku w Patalipturze. Gdzie i kiedy zmar³ nie wiadomo. Aryabhata po³o¿y³ pewne zas³ugi w oznaczaniu liczb. W Indaich, obok cyfrowego zapisu liczb, stosowano s³owne oznaczanie liczb. Zero oznaczano s³owami: puste, dziura. Jedno¶æ nazywano s³owami: ksiê¿yc, ziemia - czyli nazwami przedmiotów pojedynczo wystêpuj±cych na ¶wiecie. Uczony ten, dla u³atwienia dokonywania obliczeñ, zaproponowa³ oznaczenie liczb literami sanskryckimi. Jêzyk sanskrycki to jêzyk, w którym s± pisane ksiêgi braminów. Przypuszcza siê, ¿e Aryabhata - jako pierwszy w Indiach - poda³ sposoby obliczenia pierwiastków kwadratowych i sze¶ciennych z liczb dodatnich. Wykorzysta³ w tym celu wzory na (a+b)2, (a+b)3. Warto nadmieniæ, ¿e w Indiach pierwiastek nazywano pada albo mula, co oznacza podstawa albo korzeñ ro¶liny. Od tej nazwy w wielu jêzykach europejskich pierwiastek oznacza potocznie korzeñ: na przyk³ad w jêzyku rosyjskim pierwiastek to "Koreñ", w niemieckim: "Wurzel", we francuskim: "racine". Interesuj±cym wynikiem jest w³a¶nie podanie nastêpuj±cych przybli¿onych wzorów, które dzisiaj stosowanej zapisaliby¶my tak (gdy b jest odpowiednio nie wiêksze os 2a oraz 3a2kw), chocia¿ pierwszy z tych wzorów wydaje siê byæ znanym - w równowa¿nej postaci - Babiloñczykom oko³o 2000 r. p.n.e.

80. NACIMIENTO DE LAS MATEMÁTICAS Translate this page V-XII dC cuando la contribución a la evolución de las matemáticas se hizo especialmenteinteresante, destacando cuatro nombres propios aryabhata (s.VI http://almez.pntic.mec.es/~agos0000/Nacimiento.html

NACIMIENTO: HASTA VI-V a.C. Estudiaremos cuatro culturas o civilizaciones Mesopotamia o Antigua Babilonia China Antigua India Antigua papiros MESOPOTAMIA O ANTIGUA BABILONIA. entre el Tigris y el Eufrates tablillas de arcilla CHINA ANTIGUA. x +a x +a x +a x+a o INDIA ANTIGUA. =1+ay GRECIA Salvo excepciones, los productores se agrupaban en escuelas er +b =c Elementos de Euclides Puedes ver la

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