81. Aristotle (384-322 BC) aristotle (384322 BC). Special philosophers. aristotle was born at Stagira, in Macedonia, the son of a physician to the royal court. http://www.connect.net/ron/aristotle.html

Aristotle (384-322 BC) Special thanks to the Microsoft Corporation for their contribution to our site.  The following information came from Microsoft Encarta. Here is a hyperlink to the Microsoft Encarta home page.   http://www.encarta.msn.com Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher and scientist, who shares with Plato and Socrates the distinction of being the most famous of ancient philosophers. Aristotle was born at Stagira, in Macedonia, the son of a physician to the royal court. At the age of 17, he went to Athens to study at Plato's Academy. He remained there for about 20 years, as a student and then as a teacher. Works Aristotle, like Plato, made regular use of the dialogue in his earliest years at the Academy, but lacking Plato's imaginative gifts, he probably never found the form congenial. Apart from a few fragments in the works of later writers, his dialogues have been wholly lost. Aristotle also wrote some short technical notes, such as a dictionary of philosophic terms and a summary of the doctrines of Pythagoras. Of these, only a few brief excerpts have survived. Still extant, however, are Aristotle's lecture notes for carefully outlined courses treating almost every branch of knowledge and art. The texts on which Aristotle's reputation rests are largely based on these lecture notes, which were collected and arranged by later editors.

82. V. Markin. Aristotle's Singular Negative Syllogistic And Free Logic Article by V.I. Markin, Moscow State University. http://www.logic.ru/Engl/depart/Markin1.htm

Department of Logic. Moscow State University Vladimir I. Markin Aristotle's Singular Negative Syllogistic and Free Logic (In: Logical Investigations. Vol. 4. Moscow: Nauka, 1997, in Russian) Abstract Assertoric Aristotle's syllogistic formulated in the opening chapters of Prior Analytics deals with categorical propositions containing only general positive (primitive) terms. However, some fragments of his tractates contain many examples of reasoning including propositions with singular and negative terms, he pointed out certain types of valid and invalid inferences of this kind, formulated truth definitions for such propositions. The purpose of the paper is to reconstruct Aristotelian type singular negative syllogistic by means of modern logic. I introduce the formal language of syllogistic with singular and negative terms that reflects the peculiarity of their usage by Aristotle. According to him, a singular term occurs only as a subject but never as a predicate, singular propositions are considered as a special kind of propositions which couldn't be reduced to universal or particular ones, negative terms can be constructed only from general terms. The alphabet contains a list of primitive general terms, a list of singular terms, term negation operator (it forms general negative term S from a general term S ), usual syllogistic constants

83. Aristotle (384-322 BC). A Blupete Biography Page Back To A List Of Philosophers aristotle (BC, 384322) Ethically, aristotle figured that happiness is the goal of life. http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Aristotle.htm

[Back To A List Of Philosophers] Aristotle (BC, 384-322) Locke concluded that Aristotelianism was "perplexed with obscure terms and useless questions"; to the Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget (1896-1980), Aristotle had "a naive and childlike animistic view of the world." In more recent times an evolutionary approach to the understanding of our world has progressively displaced the stationary Aristotelian view. "As a young man, we are told, he [Aristotle] squandered his patrimony in riotous living; he joined the army, and was thrown out of it; for a while he sold drugs and nostrums to make a living. Finally, at the age of thirty, he ended up in college in Plato's Academy At Alexander's death, 323 BC, Aristotle found himself connected to the wrong crowd; he fled Athens, and just in time for charges of "impiety" were brought against him; the same charges, which, 76 years earlier, had led to the death of Socrates. He did not live long in exile: he died within the year. Ethically, Aristotle figured that "happiness is the goal of life. Pleasure, fame, and wealth, however, will not bring one the highest happiness"; it is achieved by a contemplative and monastic way of life. ( Benet's Aristotle had an extraordinary impact on both the people of his day and those who followed him down through the centuries; it is to be attributed to his logistical way of thinking, his rigorous scientific procedure. His premises, however, were not correct. If you are a believer in the proposition that all men are created equal, then Aristotle is not your man. Aristotle considered slavery to be entirely natural, simply because "some men are adapted by nature to be the physical instruments of others." Further, and more generally, Aristotle had "an intense conviction of the natural inferiority of the 'barbarian.'"

84. Department Of Balkan Studies - Aristotle Univiversity Of Thessaloniki Features an overview of the Department, news, current research, and links to related resources. http://www.auth.gr/balkan

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Balkan Studies Florina Home Studies Research Information ... webmaster@balkan.auth.gr

85. A Slice Of Philosphy: Aristotle (384-322 BC) back home aristotle (384322 BC). Secondary literature on aristotle. Suggesting secondary literature is difficult when it comes to aristotle. http://www.findlink.dk/aristotle/aristotle.htm

back home Aristotle (384-322 BC) Aristotle's writings. The Complete Works of Aristotle. Separate listing of Aristotle's Works. Secondary literature on Aristotle. "Being is said in many ways" is a standard formulation of Aristotle. It sounds rather superfluous and straightforward to state this, but this is actually due to Aristotle and this fact makes Aristotle very interesting to study. You and I have height, colour, a certain number of arms, legs, fingers, ears etc.. We have different ways of behavior, taste, interests and so on. We are said to be different and equal in various aspects. From Plato we learn that a man is good, due to his participation in The Good (in greek, to anypothon ). Aristotle rejected the theory of forms (eidos) as known from Plato. In Aristotle's ontology there is only concrete substances (this horse, that cup, this vase etc.) and in talking of the particular substances we use concepts, but the things - substances - is prior to the concepts or forms which we ascribe to them. Plato worked the other way around. For Plato the forms (eidos) were prior and necessary conditions which formed a intelligible realm in contrast the phenomenal realm. The more exact theory of Plato is highly ingenious and much of Aristotle's critique were probably addressed to other students of Plato (for a further discussion, Jonathan Barnes "Metaphysics" in Cambridge Companion to Aristotle ). In his formulation of his own theory Aristotle developed his own terminology, invented grammatical forms and a system of classification (primary substance, secondary substance; the categories). In addition Aristotle invented and created the classical logic as we know it today. The logical, semantical and metaphysical aspects is closely connected in Aristotle's way of expressing being.

86. Aristotle Biography and overview of aristotle's mathematical contributions. Provided by the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. http://turnbull.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristotle.html

Aristotle Born: 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece Died: 322 BC in Chalcis, Euboea, Greece Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic. He wrote on physical subjects: some parts of his Analytica posteriora show an unusual grasp of the mathematical method. Primarily, however, he is important in the development of all knowledge for, as the authors of [2] write:- Aristotle, more than any other thinker, determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that through the centuries became the support and vehicle for both medieval Christian and Islamic scholastic thought: until the end of the 17 th century, Western culture was Aristotelian. And, even after the intellectual revolutions of centuries to follow, Aristotelian concepts and ideas remained embedded in Western thinking. Aristotle was born in Stagirus, or Stagira, or Stageirus, on the Chalcidic peninsula of northern Greece. His father was Nicomachus, a medical doctor, while his mother was named Phaestis. Nicomachus was certainly living in Chalcidice when Aristotle was born and he had probably been born in that region. Aristotle's mother, Phaestis, came from Chalcis in Euboea and her family owned property there.

87. Library System On The Web Library System on the Web The official web site of the Library System of The aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. http://www.lib.auth.gr/

88. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle | Luff, Peter Information about the MP for Mid Worcestershire includes contact details and biography plus parliament jobs and committees, voting record and entries in the Register of Members' Interests. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-3228,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home Ask Aristotle Whitehall Parliament ... This week Ask Aristotle Find out about your MP Enter postcode or place: Enter person: How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search People MPs Conservative Peter Luff Peter Luff Member of Parliament Party: Conservative Opposition whip Constituency: Mid Worcestershire Labour target 124 Liberal Democrat target 187 Others say: "a shrewder lobbyist than his jovial loyalism conceals" (Andrew Roth, The Guardian) Elections Most recent election: The 2001 general election Stood for Conservative in Mid Worcestershire Candidacies since 1992 Their life in parliament Jobs and committees How have they voted?

89. Perseus Update In Progress aristotle s Astronomy Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. aristotle s Astronomy. by Thomas Fowler. aristotle argued that the universe is spherical and finite. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia?entry=Aristotle

90. Aristotle's Psychology Recounts the principal and distinctive claims of aristotle's psychological writings, especially De Anima. By Christopher Shields of the University of Colorado. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-psychology/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change APR Aristotle's Psychology Aristotle (384-322 BC) was born in Macedon, in what is now northern Greece, but spent most of his adult life in Athens. His life in Athens divides into two periods, first as a member of Plato's Academy (367-347) and later as director of his own school, the Lyceum (334-323). The intervening years were spent mainly in Assos and Lesbos, and briefly back in Macedon. His years away from Athens were predominantly taken up with biological research and writing. Judged on the basis of their content, Aristotle's most important psychological writings probably belong to his second residence in Athens, and so to his most mature period. His principal work in psychology, De Anima , reflects in different ways his pervasive interest in biological taxonomy and his most sophisticated physical and metaphysical theory. Because of the long tradition of exposition which has developed around Aristotle's De Anima , the interpretation of even its most central theses is sometimes disputed. Moreover, because of its evident affinities with some prominent approaches in contemporary philosophy of mind, Aristotle's psychology has received renewed interest and has incited intense interpretative dispute in recent decades. Consequently, this entry proceeds on two levels. The main article recounts the principal and distinctive claims of Aristotle's psychology, avoiding so far as possible exegetical controversy and critical commentary. At the end of appropriate sections of the main article, readers are invited to explore problematic or advanced features of Aristotle's theories by following the appropriate links.

91. Great Books Index - Aristotle GREAT BOOKS INDEX. aristotle (384322 BC). An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation. Writings of aristotle. http://books.mirror.org/gb.aristotle.html

GREAT BOOKS INDEX Aristotle (384322 BC) An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation AUTHORS/HOME TITLES ABOUT GB INDEX BOOK LINKS Writings of Aristotle Categories Interpretation Prior Analytics Posterior Analytics ... Articles Categories (about 350 BC) HTML edition in small sections (Classics Archive) Translated by E.M. Edghill. [Back to Top of Page] On Interpretation HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] Prior Analytics HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) HTML edition in small sections (Perseus, Tufts) Translated by A.J. Jenkinson. Greek text also available. [Back to Top of Page] Posterior Analytics HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] Topics HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] On Sophistical Refutations HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] Physics HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] On the Heavens HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] On Generation and Corruption HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] Meteorology HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) [Back to Top of Page] Metaphysics HTML edition in one document (Classics Archive) HTML edition in small sections (Perseus, Tufts)

92. 20th WCP: The Modernity Of Aristotle’s Logical Investigations Article by George Boger, presented at the 20th World Congress in Philosophy. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Logi/LogiBoge.htm

Logic and Philosophy of Logic George Boger Canisius College BOGER@wehle.canisius.edu ABSTRACT: Prior Analytics is a metalogical treatise on the syllogistic deduction system; 3) Aristotle recognized the epistemic efficacy of certain elemental argument patterns, and he explicitly formulated them as rules of natural deduction in corresponding sentences; 4) Prior Analytics is a proof-theoretic treatise in which Aristotle describes a natural deduction system and demonstrates certain of the logical relationships among syllogistic deduction rules (Aristotle modeled his syllogistic logic in a rudimentary way for this purpose and metasystematically established the independence of a set of deduction rules); and finally, 5) Aristotle worked with a notion of substitution sufficient for distinguishing logical syntax and semantics. In this connection he also distinguished validity from deducibility sufficiently well to note the completeness of his logic Introduction Prior Analytics : (1) logic is taken as part of epistemology; (2) syllogistic deduction is treated metalogically; (3) rules of natural deduction are explicitly formulated; (4) the syllogistic system is modeled to demonstrate logical relationships among its rules; and (5) logical syntax is distinguished from semantics. While each of these features is perhaps familiar to us, when they are viewed together they reveal the striking philosophical modernity of an ancient logician.

93. Aristotle --  Encyclopædia Britannica aristotle Encyclopædia Britannica Article. More than any other thinker, aristotle determined the orientation and the content of Western . http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=114501

94. Aristotletech.com: Job Section specializes in the identification and referral of various IT professionals. http://www.aristotletech.com

Mon, May 31, 2004 Home Search Jobs Employer Candidate ... About Us SIGN-IN Candidate Email Address Password CANDIDATE SECTION Search Jobs Search for potential jobs in your hometown or the country Send Resumes Post your resumes for free Refer this Site to a Friend Send the site details to your friend and inform them of the exciting job postions posted on this web site. Job Search Aristotle Tech Job Search Aristotle Technologies, Inc.specializes in the identification and referral of highly skilled professionals in the fields of Information Technology, Management Information Systems, Software Development, Help Desk, Custom configurations for the Internet, NT Migration and Hardware Maintenance. Interview Tips Appearance Interview Dialogue Attitude Interview Cheat Sheet Before you go to the inteview Upon Arrival During the Interview After the Interview ... Do your homework EMPLOYER SECTION Post a Job *FREE Put your job in front of millions the fast, free and easy way! Can't put your job into words? Help is available to write your job description. Search for Resumes *FREE Search for potential employees nationwide or right in your own hometown.

95. Aristotle Travel - In The Steps Of Paul, Biblical Tours, Student Tours, Hotels I aristotle Travel is a tour operator specializing in biblical and christian tours, student groups travel, cruises to Greece. JORDAN. ISRAEL. aristotle TRAVEL LTD. http://www.christian-tours.gr/

ARISTOTLE TRAVEL LTD. 6, LAZARAKI STREET 16675 GLYFADA ATHENS, GREECE TEL.: +30 - 210 - 8941417 FAX: +30 - 210 - 8943704 FAX: +30 - 210 - 9680560 Email : aristotle@aristotle.gr www.aristotle.gr www.christian-tours.gr www.aristotle-travel.gr www.aristotletravel.com About us ... DEUTSCH Welcome to GREECE Accommodation during Athletic Events in Greece Christian tours Student tours ... Mission Work

96. The Philosophy Of Aristotle - Page 1 A series of essays on aristotle and Aristotelian philosophy, and criticism from a radical perspective. http://www.radicalacademy.com/philaristotle1.htm

Classic Philosophers The Great Thinkers of Western Philosophy Academy Resources Glossary of Philosophical Terms Philosophy Search Engine Timeline of Philosophy A Timeline of American Philosophy ... Books about Religion in The Radical Academy Bookstore Shop Amazon Stores in the Radical Academy Bookstore Magazine Outlet Music Store Video Store ... Baby Superstore The Philosophy of Aristotle TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. ... Aristotelianism Also see: Aristotle on The Nature and Necessity of the Family Aristotle on The Nature and Origin of Tyranny Aristotle on The State of War and the State of Nature Aristotle's Spurned Legacy, by George J. Irbe I. The Life of Aristotle Aristotle ( picture ) was born at Stagira, a Greek colony of Thrace, in the year 384 B.C. His father, a Macedonian named Nicomachus, was a physician in the court of Amyntas II, King of Macedonia.

97. Aristotle: The Athenian Constitution: Contents The Athenian Constitution. by aristotle. Written 350 BC Translated by Sir Frederic G. Kenyon. Book 1 Parts 1 8; Book 2 Parts http://www.constitution.org/ari/athen_00.htm

The Athenian Constitution by Aristotle Written 350 B.C. Translated by Sir Frederic G. Kenyon [Book 1] Parts 1 8 [Book 2] Parts 9 16 [Book 3] Parts 17 24 [Book 4] Parts 25 32 [Book 5] Parts 33 40 [Book 6] Parts 41 48 [Book 7] Parts 49 56 [Book 8] Parts 57 64 [Book 9] Parts 65 69 Constitution Society Home Page

98. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle | Letwin, Oliver Contact details and biography plus parliament jobs and committees, voting record and entries in the Register of Members' Interests of the West Dorset MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Economic Affairs and Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,,-3095.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home Ask Aristotle Whitehall Parliament ... This week Ask Aristotle Find out about your MP Enter postcode or place: Enter person: How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search People MPs Conservative Oliver Letwin Oliver Letwin Member of Parliament Party: Conservative Shadow chancellor and shadow economic affairs secretary Constituency: West Dorset Liberal Democrat target 5 Labour target 169 Others say: Oliver Letwin's moment of infamy during the 2001 election campaign: "Mr Hague's election honeymoon came to an abrupt end when he was forced to slap down a colleague - believed to be the shadow chief Treasury secretary, Oliver Letwin - who told the Financial Times that the party could slash taxes by ¿20bn a year by 2006."

99. Aristotle's Virtue Ethics aristotle s Virtue Ethics. In speaking of the mean (between excess and defect) towards which our actions should aim, aristotle notes http://www.drury.edu/ess/Reason/Aristotle.html

Aristotle's Virtue Ethics Dr. Charles Ess - Philosophy and Religion Department - Drury University An Aristotelian vocabulary: "virtue" ( arete excellence in fulfillment of a particular function "happiness" (eudaimonia ) = a sense of well-being, resulting from achieving excellence in the fulfillment of one's functions, including the "species-specific" functions of reason (both theoretical and practical) Epistemological comment: Aristotle observes that each "science" ("knowledge," episteme ) such as mathematics, ethics, politics, psychology, biology, physics, etc. admits of a given degree of certainty and demonstration. ("Knowledge comes in different flavors.") It is the mark of an educated human being - i.e., one who has explored the different sciences with some care - to know what degree of certainty and demonstration is appropriate to each one. In particular, the educated human being will know that the same degree of certainty and demonstration is not possible in ethics that is possible in mathematics. There are important reasons for this claim - reasons surrounding the following passage. In speaking of the mean (between excess and defect) towards which our actions should aim, Aristotle notes:

100. Aristotle's Rhetoric Discussion of one of aristotle's major works; by Christof Rapp. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change MAY Aristotle's Rhetoric Aristotle's rhetoric has had an enormous influence on the development of the art of rhetoric. Not only authors writing in the peripatetic tradition, but also the famous Roman teachers of rhetoric, such as Cicero and Quintilian, frequently used elements stemming from the Aristotelian doctrine. Nevertheless, these authors were neither interested in an authentic interpretation of the Aristotelian works nor in the philosophical sources and backgrounds of the vocabulary that Aristotle had introduced into rhetorical theory. Thus, for two millennia the interpretation of Aristotelian rhetoric has become a matter of the history of rhetoric, not of philosophy. In the most influential manuscripts and editions, Aristotle's Rhetoric was surrounded by rhetorical works and even written speeches of other Greek and Latin authors, and was seldom interpreted in the context of the whole Corpus Aristotelicum. It was not until the last few decades that the philosophically salient features of the Aristotelian rhetoric were rediscovered: in construing a general theory of the persuasive, Aristotle applies numerous concepts and arguments which are also treated in his logical, ethical, and psychological writings. His theory of rhetorical arguments, for example, is only one further application of his general doctrine of the

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