21. Alhazen Translate this page Ibn al HAYTHAM al Hassan (alhazen), arabe, 965-1039. Astronome, médecin,philosophe et physicien. Ses travaux portent essentiellement http://www.sciences-en-ligne.com/momo/chronomath/chrono1/Alhazen.html

Ibn al HAYTHAM al Hassan (Alhazen), arabe, 965-1039 Descartes et Huygens . Connu en Occident sous le nom de Alhazen et Euclide . Il obtient, par exhaustion Étudiant le Sacherri Al Haytham croit pouvoir prouver, sans Ces travaux inspireront cependant Al Khayyam et At Tusi Axiome de Pasch : ci-dessus, le barrage d'Assouan (3,6 km de long, 110 m de hauteur) et la centrale électrique (40 milliards de Mégawatts) et ci-dessous, le temple d'Abou Simbel reconstruit en amont du barrage (1963) pharaonique LES MATHEMATIQUES ARABES HISTOIRE DE PROBLEMES, HISTOIRE DES MATHEMATIQUES , Commission Inter-I.R.E.M. - Ed. Ellipses - 1993 Abu al Wafa Al-Biruni

22. - Great Books - alhazen (9651040), Biography 1038. He is to be distinguished from anotheralhazen who translated Ptolemy s Almagest in the 10th century. http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_69.asp

Alhazen Biography Arabian mathematician of the 11th century, was born at Basra and died at Cairo in 1038. He is to be distinguished from another Alhazen who translated Ptolemy 's Almagest in the 10th century. Having boasted that he could construct a machine for regulating the inundations of the Nile, he was summoned to Egypt by the caliph Hakim; but, aware of the impracticability of his scheme, and fearing the caliph's anger, he feigned madness until Hakim's death in 1021. Alhazen was, nevertheless, a diligent and successful student, being the first great discoverer in optics after the time of Ptolemy . According to Giovanni Battista della Porta, he first explained the apparent increase of heavenly bodies near the horizon, although Bacon gives the credit of this discovery to Ptolemy This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License and uses material adapted in whole or in part from the Wikipedia article on Alhazen The Great Books Alhazen This web page is part of a biographical database on Great Ideas . These are living ideas that have shaped, defined and directed world culture for over 2,500 years. By definition the Great Ideas are radical. As such they are sometimes misread, or distorted by popular simplifications. Understanding a

23. Alhazen. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. alhazen. see IbnalHaytham. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright http://www.bartleby.com/65/x-/X-Alhazen.html

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24. Alhazen, The Islamic Scholar areoutstanding. Known in the West as alhazen, Ibn aIHautham was bornin965 A. D. in Basrah, and was educated in Basrah and Baghdad. http://www2.potsdam.edu/PHYS/islamma/phys111_alhazen.htm

ABU ALI HASAN IBN AL-HAITHAM ( 965 - 1040 A.D.) Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was one of the most eminent physicists, whose contributions to optics and the scientific methods areoutstanding. Known in the West as Alhazen, Ibn aI-Hautham was born in965 A. D. in Basrah, and was educated in Basrah and Baghdad. Thereafter, he went to Egypt, where he was asked to find ways of controlling the flood of the Nile. Being unsuccessful in this, he feigned madness until the death of Caliph al-Hakim. He also traveled to Spain and, during this period, he had ample time for his scientific pursuits, which included optics, mathematics, physics, medicine and development of scientific methods on each of which he has left several outstanding books. The Latin translation of his main work, Kitab-at-Manazir, exerted a great influence upon Western science e.g. on the work of Roger Bacon and Kepler. It brought about a great progress in experimental methods. His research in catoptrics centered on spherical and parabolic mirrors and spherical aberration. He made the important observation that the radio between the angle of incidence and refraction does not remain constant and investigated the magnifying power of a lens. His catoptrics contain the important problem known as Alhazen's problem. It comprises drawing lines from two points in the plane of a circle meeting at a point on the circumference and making equal angles with the normal at that point. This leads to an equation of the fourth degree.

25. Alhazen, The Islamic Scholar 21 alhazen named those lights which start out from self luminous bodiesto be Primary lights. In his introduction on alhazen, Omar says. http://www2.potsdam.edu/honors/PHYS/islamma/phys111MoreOfalhazen.htm

THE FOLLOWING IS ADOPTED FROM THE TEXT: IBN AL HAYTHAM OPTICS VOL. I (Original in Arabic) TRANSLATOR A. I. SABRA Chapter 1 Ibn al Haytham while writing about the Nature of Vision in his Book I writes, "...... perplexity prevails, certainty is hard to come by, and there is no assurance of attaining the object of inquiry. How strong, in addition to all this, is the excuse for the truth to be confused, and how manifest is the proof that certainty is difficult to achieve! For the truths are obscure, the ends hidden, the doubts manifold, the minds turbid, the reasonings various; the premisses are gleaned from the senses, and the senses (which are our tools) are not immune from error. The path of investigation is therefore is obliterated and the inquirer, however diligent, is not infallible. Consequently, inquiry concerns subtle matters, perplexity grows, views diverge, opinions vary, conclusions differ and certainty becomes difficult to obtain." In order to examine the perception of visible objects by sight, one should aim at one of these objects, put one end of this ruler close to the lower eyelid of one eye and the other end close to the surface of the object, cover the other eye, and while in this condition, look through the opening in the tube: he will see that part of the object which is opposite the opening of the tube at the end of the ruler. If he covers the opening of the tube with an opaque body; that part of the object will be screened off which he has seen through the opening.

26. Alhazen Translate this page Alhazén (956 - 1039). Físico árabe. Nació hacia 956 en Basora(Irak). Murió en 1.039 en El Cairo. Alhazén está considerado http://es.geocities.com/fisicas/cientificos/fisicos/alhazen.htm

Ptolomeo http://es.geocities.com/fisicas Los autores: e Ptolomeo http://es.geocities.com/fisicas Los autores: e ... fisicas@yahoo.es

27. 151Strumento Di Leonardo Per La Soluzione Del Problema Di Alhazen Translate this page http://www.museo.unimo.it/theatrum/macchine/151ogg.htm

28. MSN Encarta - Alhazen Sign in above. alhazen. alhazen (9651040?), Arab scientist and natural philosopher,who made important contributions in optics, astronomy, and mathematics. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761579452/Alhazen.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: logoImg('http://sc.msn.com'); Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade to Encarta Premium Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Alhazen Alhazen (965-1040?), Arab scientist and natural philosopher, who made important contributions in optics, astronomy, and mathematics. His Arab name is... Related Items ideas about light Islamic science of the Middle Ages 2 items Selected Web Links Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham [MacTutor] 1 item Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Alhazen from Related Items Other Features from Encarta Light Science Search Encarta for Alhazen ... Try MSN Internet Software for FREE!

29. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Optics mirrors. notable researchers. alhazen. Bacon, Roger. Biot, Jean Baptiste. Brewster,David. properties of light. quotation. refractive index. units of measure. alhazen. http://encarta.msn.com/related_761576625_5.0/Alhazen.html

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30. Islam Online- News Section alhazen Master of Optics. Charged with the nearimpossible task, alhazenled an army of worker south of Aswan to the place called al-Janadil. http://www.islamonline.net/english/Science/2001/08/article11.shtml

Home About Us Media Kit Contact Us ... Your Mail Search Advanced Search News People Against Prisoner Abuse The World in Pictures ... Muslim Heritage Discover Islam Introducing Islam Ask about Islam Contemporary Issues My Journey to Islam ... Qur'an Fatwa Fatwa Bank Ask the Scholar Live Fatwa Counseling Cyber Counselor Directories Site Directory Islamic Society Islamic Banks TV Channels ... Telephone Code Services Prayer Times Matrimonial Date Converter Calendar ... E-Cards Newsletter Enter your E-mail Alhazen: Master of Optics By David W. Tschanz The brightest name in Egyptian Islamic science is that of mathematician and scholar Abu 'Ali al-Hasan bin al-Hasan bin al-Haytham, known as "Alhazen" to the Western world. Born in Basra, Iraq in 965, he won repute there as a mathematician and engineer. He was invited to move to Cairo, Egypt by the Fatimid Caliph, al-Hakim. According to one story al-Hakim had invited Alhazen because it was believed that the mathematician had a plan for regulating the waters of the Nile. Charged with the near-impossible task, Alhazen led an army of worker south of Aswan to the place called al-Janadil. Here he expected to see the Nile's waters descending from higher ground and was disappointed when he discovered they did not. According to a 13th century account, Alhazen feared that the eccentric and unpredictable al-Hakim would punish him for his failure. To avoid punishment, he pretended to be insane until al-Hakim's death. He then left the house in which he had been confined and moved to a qubbah (a small domed structure) at the gate of Cairo's Azhar Mosque. There he resumed his work as an author and teacher of mathematics. He earned his living by copying a number of basic mathematical works, which included Euclid's

31. ALHAZEN (965-1040 AD) ABU ALI HASAN IBN ALHAITHAM (alhazen) (965 - 1040 AD) Al-Haitham, knownin the West as alhazen, is considered as the father of modern optics. http://pollux.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/history/alhazen.html

ABU ALI HASAN IBN AL-HAITHAM (ALHAZEN) (965 - 1040 AD) Al-Haitham, known in the West as Alhazen, is considered as the father of modern optics. Ibn al-Haitham was born in 965 C.E. in Basrah (present Iraq), and received his education in Basrah and Baghdad. He traveled to Egypt and Spain. He spent most of his life in Spain, where conducted research in optics, mathematics, physics, medicine and development of scientific methods. Al-Haitham conducted experiments on the propagation of light and colors, optic illusions and reflections. He examined the refraction of light rays through transparent medium (air, water) and documented the laws of refraction. He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of light into colors. In detailing his experiment with spherical segments (glass vessels filled with water), he came very close to discovering the theory of magnifying lenses which was developed in Italy three centuries later. It took another three centuries before the law of sines was proposed by Snell and Descartes. His book Kitab-al-Manazir was translated into Latin in the Middle Ages, as also his book dealing with the colors of sunset. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena such as the rainbow, shadows, eclipses, and speculated on the physical nature of light. Roger Bacon (thirteenth century), Pole Witelo (Vitellio) and all Medieval Western writers on Optics base their optical work primarily on Al-Haitham's 'Opticae Thesaurus.' His work also influenced Leonardo da Vinci and Johann Kepler. His approach to optics generated fresh ideas and resulted in great progress in experimental methods.

32. Alhazen Store alhazen Listing of 1 alhazen items available for purchase at our onlinestore. Click here to buy alhazen and alhazen related products. http://www.mathbook.com/bio/a/Alhazen/Alhazen_Books_R.htm

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33. Hausarbeiten.de - Sehen Und Licht Bei Alhazen - Hausarbeit / Seminararbeit Translate this page Sehen und Licht bei alhazen. Newsletter - informiert Sie über neue Textein Ihren Fachbereichen. Bücher zum Thema Sehen und Licht bei alhazen. http://www.hausarbeiten.de/faecher/hausarbeit/phb/22374.html

SUCHEN EINSENDEN NEWSLETTER DIPLOMARBEITEN ... PRESSEBERICHTE bei Amazon.de Hilfe zum Archiv Sehen und Licht bei Alhazen Autor: Philip Kollmannsberger Fachbereich: Philosophie - Philosophie des Mittelalters (ca. 500-1350) Kategorie: Hausarbeit / Seminararbeit Abgabedatum: WS 2001 Note: gut Archivnummer: K22374 Bewertung abgeben Diskussion zur Arbeit Wurde hier ohne Quellenangabe abgeschrieben? Bitte melden! Hochwertige Druck- und Speicherversion ...mehr Infos Mittelseminar "Wissenschaftstheorie der Physik: Optik", WS 2001/02 Hausarbeit von Philip Kollmannsberger zum Referat am 29.11.2001: Sehen und Licht bei Alhazen Abgabedatum: 1.Juni 2002 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung: Die Optik vor Alhazen 2 2. Leben und Werk des Alhazen 3 2.1 Wer war Alhazen? 3 2.2 Das Hauptwerk 3 2.3 Verbreitung und Bedeutung seiner Arbeiten 3 3. Alhazens Methode als Wissenschaftler 4 3.1 Alhazen als Mathematiker 4 3.2 Vereinheitlichung der Optik 4 3.3 Die Bedeutung des Experiments 4 4.1 Entstehung und Natur des Lichts 5

34. Alhazen's Billiard Problem -- From MathWorld alhazen s Billiard Problem. In a given circle, find an isosceles trianglewhose legs pass through two given points inside the circle. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlhazensBilliardProblem.html

INDEX Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Alphabetical Index ABOUT THIS SITE About MathWorld About the Author DESTINATIONS What's New MathWorld Headline News Random Entry ... Live 3D Graphics CONTACT Email Comments Contribute! Sign the Guestbook MATHWORLD - IN PRINT Order book from Amazon Geometry Plane Geometry Triangles ... Reflections Alhazen's Billiard Problem In a given circle , find an isosceles triangle whose legs pass through two given points inside the circle . This can be restated as: from two points in the plane of a circle , draw lines meeting at the point of the circumference and making equal angles with the normal at that point The problem is called the billiard problem because it corresponds to finding the point on the edge of a circular " billiard " table at which a cue ball at a given point must be aimed in order to carom once off the edge of the table and strike another ball at a second given point . The solution leads to a biquadratic equation of the form The problem is equivalent to the determination of the point on a spherical mirror where a ray of light will reflect in order to pass from a given source to an observer. It is also equivalent to the problem of finding, given two points and a circle such that the points are both inside or outside the circle , the ellipse whose foci are the two points and which is tangent to the given circle The problem was first formulated by Ptolemy in 150 AD and was named after the Arab scholar Alhazen who discussed it in his work on optics. The problem is insoluble using a

35. Alhazen's Problem -- From MathWorld A. alhazen s Problem. alhazen s Billiard Problem. search. Eric W. Weisstein. alhazen s Problem. From MathWorldA Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlhazensProblem.html

INDEX Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Alphabetical Index ABOUT THIS SITE About MathWorld About the Author DESTINATIONS What's New MathWorld Headline News Random Entry ... Live 3D Graphics CONTACT Email Comments Contribute! Sign the Guestbook MATHWORLD - IN PRINT Order book from Amazon A Alhazen's Problem Alhazen's Billiard Problem search Eric W. Weisstein. "Alhazen's Problem." From MathWorld A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlhazensProblem.html Wolfram Research, Inc.

36. [ Burburinho - Eu Queria Ser Alhazen ] Translate this page eu queria ser alhazen. lgumas vezes tenho vontade de ser o alhazen, me fingirde louco e ficar fazendo as minhas coisinhas sem ninguém me incomodando. http://www.burburinho.com/20010712.html

arquivos boletim por email, grátis enquete o tema da semana bastidores eu queria ser alhazen miscelânea por Nemo Nox lgumas vezes tenho vontade de ser o Alhazen, me fingir de louco e ficar fazendo as minhas coisinhas sem ninguém me incomodando. Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham, mais conhecido como Alhazen, foi um cientista árabe da virada do milênio passado (965-1039) que passou a maior parte da sua vida no Egito, naquela época governado pelo todo-poderoso e também muito temperamental califa Al-Hakim. Pois o soberano o contratou para um projeto grandioso, desviar o curso do rio Nilo para controlar as cheias. Percebendo que se tratava de uma tarefa impossível, e temeroso da fúria do califa, Alhazen passou a se fingir de louco, e assim viveu por cerca de vinte anos sem ter que dar satisfações de seus atos. Sem pressões exteriores e com o sustento garantido, o cientista árabe foi então capaz de avançar em seus estudos de física e matemática, e acabou por se tornar uma figura importantíssima na história da ciência. Foi ele, por exemplo, que provou que Aristóteles estava errado ao afirmar que um arco-íris se formava pelo reflexo do sol nas gotas de chuva. Depois de experiências com garrafas cheias d'água (imagino os empregados se perguntando "o que esse louco estará fazendo com as garrafas?"), Alhazen descobriu que o arco-íris é na verdade fruto da refração da luz, cada cor com seu ângulo diferente. Hoje isso pode parecer brincadeira de criança (ou passatempo de loucos) mas foi uma descoberta importante, que precedeu em muito tempo trabalhos semelhantes de cientistas europeus.

37. Alhazen - BlueRider.com alhazen. Your search results search for alhazen on Google alhazenn. 1), an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research http://alhazen.bluerider.com/wordsearch/alhazen

Enter a word or phrase Random Word promethium Other Services Word Index Contact Us ... Links alhazen listen domain availability Dictionary and Thesaurus entries for: alhazen Your search results... search for "alhazen" on Google alhazen [n] an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040) Synonyms: al-haytham ibn_al-haytham al-hasan_ibn_al-haytham See Also: mathematician physicist astronomer Your Search History clear alhazen Enter a word or phrase Terms of Service Warning Unknown on line Warning Unknown on line

38. Alhazen, Ibn Al-Haytham alhazen, Ibn alHaytham (c. 965-1038). (Abu al-Hassan ibn al-Haytham Eastand West. alhazen was born in Basra (now in Iraq). He made many http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Alhazen/1.html

Alhazen, Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965-1038) (Abu al-Hassan ibn al-Haytham) Arab scientist, author of the Kitab al-Manazir/Book of Optics, translated into Latin as Opticae thesaurus (1572). For centuries it remained the most comprehensive and authoritative treatment of optics in both East and West. Alhazen was born in Basra (now in Iraq). He made many contributions to optics, contesting the Greek view of Hero and Ptolemy that vision involves rays that emerge from the eye and are reflected by objects viewed. Alhazen postulated that light rays originate in a flame or in the Sun, strike objects, and are reflected by them into the eye. He studied lenses and mirrors, working out that the curvature of a lens accounts for its ability to focus light. He measured the refraction of light by lenses and its reflection by mirrors, and formulated the geometric optics of image formation by spherical and parabolic mirrors. He constructed a camera obscura. He also tried to account for the occurrence of rainbows, appreciating that they are formed in the atmosphere, which he estimated extended for about 15 km/9 mi above the ground.

39. Ibn Al Haytham alhazen, était considéré comme un grand physicien, connupour avoir élucidé les problèmes liés à la lumière et à la vision. http://photo-forum.ifrance.com/photo-forum/Alhazen.html

40. Le Problème D Alhazen Alhazen S Problem alhazen alhazen s problem. Le problème peutêtre formulé en anglais comme suit Given a light source and http://photo-forum.ifrance.com/photo-forum/Al-problem.html

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