21. Copyright Notice And Open Publication License AlSuyuti himself was transmitting from al-Subki, who was transmitting from otherstill we reach al-Dabusi and before him al-karkhi (with each later author http://www.nyazee.com/Copyright Notice and Open Publication License.htm

uphold intellectual property rights in the way they are understood and implemented today, although the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the OIC and certain other institutions have ruled otherwise. If it comes to releasing material free without any restrictions and having some system of acknowledging the sources, the latter should be preferred in the interest of research and the promotion of knowledge. For example, many people believe that Ibn Nujaym has done original work on his book called al-Ashbah wa-al-Naza'ir when all the time he was transmitting from al-Suyuti. Al-Suyuti himself was transmitting from al-Subki, who was transmitting from others till we reach al-Dabusi and before him al-Karkhi (with each later author making his own contribution, of course). In short, leaving text totally free makes it difficult to trace the origin of an idea or principle. This issue has been debated extensively and the idea here is not to participate in such a debate. The Institute is of the opinion that in the interest of research, the Open Publication License might be a good idea and closer to

22. It's 6:19. Do You Know Where You Are?: Struik: A Concise History Of Mathematics: alkarkhi (dc 1029) was monomaniacal interested in Greek and wrote an algebrainspired by Diophantus and was interested in surds (sq roots). http://arsenal.media.mit.edu/notebook/archives/000105.html

It's 6:19. Do You Know Where You Are? The research notebook of a beleaguered hack. The Notebook July 08, 2002 Struik: A Concise History of Mathematics: The Orient after the Decline of the Greek Society Despite Hellenistic influence, Near Eastern thought remained intact, as is evidenced by work in Alexandria, India, and Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire served as a guardian for Greek culture while the Indus region and Mesopotamia became independent. The sudden growth of Islam ended Greek domination. Arabic administration and language competed with and conquered Greek culture in much of the Mediterranean. As the roman empire declined the center of math research shifted from Alexandria to India and Mesopotamia. The Surya Siddhanta shows an influence of Greek and Babylonian astronomy. Aryabhata (c. 500) and Brahmagupta (c 625) were the best known. Mahavira considered rational triangles and quadrilaterals. General solutions for indeterminate equations of the first degree (ax+by =c) is found in Brahmagupta. Bhaskara admitted negative roots of equations and his Lilavati became a standard text for arithmetic and mensuration. Nilakantha (c. 1500) had already found the Gregory Leibniz series for pi/4.

23. Quduri Abu’lHasan al-Quduri took his knowledge of fiqh from Abu `Abdillah Muhammad ibnal-Jurjani, from Abu Bakr al-Razi, from Abu’l-Hasan al-karkhi, from Abu Sa http://webpages.marshall.edu/~laher1/introQ.html

Mu kh ta s ar al-Qud u r i Brief Biography of Imam al-Quduri An Introduction to Al-Mukhtasar Advice of Caution Brief Biography of Imam al-Quduri He is Abu’l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ja`far ibn Hamdan al-Quduri al-Baghdadi, the Hanafi jurist, born 362 AH. Al-Quduri is an ascription to the selling of pots (qudur). Abu’l-Hasan al-Quduri took his knowledge of fiqh from Abu `Abdillah Muhammad ibn al-Jurjani, from Abu Bakr al-Razi, from Abu’l-Hasan al-Karkhi, from Abu Sa`id al-Barda`i from `Ali al-Daqqaq, from Abu Sahl Musa ibn Nasr al-Razi, from Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani, from Abu Hanifah, from Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, from Ibrahim al-Nakha`i, from `Alqamah, from `Abdullah ibn Mas`ud (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his Household and grant them all peace). Al-Quduri was one of the a sha b al-tarj ih (jurists who weighed and analyzed the strengths of differing verdicts in the madhhab ). The leadership of the Hanafis in `Iraq came to rest with him, and his renown rose. His mention recurs in the well-known Hanafi books al-Hidayah and al-Khulasah . He died on 15th Rajab 428 AH in Baghdad, and was buried in his home, but was later transported and buried beside Abu Bakr al-Khawarizmi, another Hanafi jurist.

24. FIGURPUBLIK.COM saya. Namun,ketika saya beranjak pulang tidak satupun nasehat0nasehatnyamasih membekas. selanjutnya DO A MA RUF al-karkhi Di http://www.figurpublik.com/cgi-bin/hikmah.cgi?page=hikmah

25. FIGURPUBLIK.COM mereka adalah orangorang yang fasik (QS. Al Hadid, 57 16). DO AMA RUF al-karkhi Di ceritakan oleh Muhammad bin Abdullah bin http://www.figurpublik.com/cgi-bin/hikmah.cgi?page=hikmah_ed003a

26. Testimony Of The Scholars Of External Knowledge In Support Of The Precedence Of from Abul Qassim anNasarabadi, who received it from ash-Shibli, who received itfrom Sariyy as-Saqati who received it from Ma c ruf al-karkhi, who received it http://meccamedina.net/subjects/spiritualism.htm

Testimony of the Scholars of External Knowledge in Support of the Precedence of the Scholars of Internal Knowledge Imam Abu Hanifa (81-150 H./700-767 CE) Imam Abu Hanifa (r) (85 H.-150 H) said, "If it were not for two years, I would have perished. For two years I accompanied Sayyidina Ja c far as-Sadiq and I acquired the spiritual knowledge that made me a knower in the Way." The book Ad-Durr al-Mukhtar , vol 1. p. 43, mentions that Ibn c Abidin said, "Abi Ali Dakkak, one of the sufi saints, received his path from Abul Qassim an-Nasarabadi, who received it from ash-Shibli, who received it from Sariyy as-Saqati who received it from Ma c ruf al-Karkhi, who received it from Dawud at-Ta'i, who received the knowledge, both the external and the internal, from the Imam Abu Hanifa (r), who was supporting the Sufi Spiritual Path." The Imam said before he died: lawla sanatan lahalaka Nu c man , "Were it not for a certain two years, Nu c man [i.e. myself] would have perished." There were the last two years of his life, when he began accompanying Ja c far as-Sadiq (q).

27. Qala'id Al-Jawahir - Necklaces Of Gems-Part1 alFarsi, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Muzaffar, Abu Ja far ibn Ahmad ibn al-Husain al-Qarias-Sarraj, Abu l-Qasim Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Bannan al-karkhi, Abu Talib http://www.al-baz.com/shaikhabdalqadir/Books_and_Text_of_Wisdom/Qala_id_Al-Jawah

Necklaces of Gems by Shaikh Muhammad ibn Yahya at-Tadifi al-Hanbalion the Marvelous Exploits of the Crown of the Saints, the Treasure-trove of the Pure, the Sultan of the Saints, the Sublime Pivot, Shaikh Muhyi'd-din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (may Allah be well pleased with him).  Prologue As for the friends of Allah,  surely no fear shall be upon them, nor shall they grieve. (10:62) [a-la inna awliya'a 'llahi la khawfun 'alai-him, wa la hum yahzanun.] In the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate. The following are the words of Muhammad ibn Yahya at-Tadifi, the poor servant [of the Lord], who acknowledges his sin and his shortcoming, and hopes for a hidden pardon from His tender grace. May Allah forgive his sins, and replace his sins with blessings. Praise be to Allah, who has opened for His saintly friends [awliya'] the paths of right guidance, and has caused all kinds of good things to come about at their hands, and has delivered them from ruin. Those who follow their example will therefore be successful and guided aright, but those who swerve from their path will fail and be ruined. Those who seek their protection will prosper and travel safely, but if anyone shuns them with rejection, he will be cut off and destroyed. I praise Him with the praise of one who knows that there is no refuge from Him except toward Him. I thank Him with the thanks of one who is firmly convinced that favors [ni'am] and afflictions [niqam] alike are entirely at His disposal. I invoke blessing and peace upon our Master, Muhammad, and upon his family. May they enjoy the countless benefits and gracious favors of Allah.

28. Necklaces Of Gems-6 Shaikh Dawud alBaghdadi has told us One night in my dream, in the year AH 548,I saw Shaikh Ma ruf al-karkhi (may Allah be well pleased with him), and he http://www.al-baz.com/shaikhabdalqadir/Books_and_Text_of_Wisdom/Qala_id_Al-Jawah

Necklaces of Gems Part 6 Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir invites Shaikh Hammad ad-Dabbas to read what is inscribed on the palm of his hand. It was Abu 'n-Najib as-Suhrawardi (may Allah bestow His mercy upon him) who said: "I was in the company of Shaikh Hammad ad-Dabbas (may Allah be well pleased with him) in Baghdad, in the year [A.H.] 523. Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir (may Allah be well pleased with him) was also in his company at that time, and he had a truly magnificent way of speaking. Shaikh Hammad said to him: 'O 'Abd al-Qadir, you speak with remarkable confidence. Are you not afraid that Allah may deal with you craftily?' Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir responded to this by placing the palm of his hand upon Shaikh Hammad's breast, as he said to him: 'Look with the eye of your heart at what is written on the palm of my hand!' His attention turned inward for a moment, then Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir removed his hand from Shaikh Hammad's breast. "Shaikh Hammad said: 'I read on his palm that he has received seventy firm assurances from Allah (Exalted is He), to the effect that He will never treat him craftily.' Shaikh Hammad then went on to say: 'There can be no problem after that! There can be no problem after that, for:

29. :|: Go Back And Pray, For You Have Not Prayed! :|: He said, He does not perfect his concentration, nor his humbleness, nor his focuson Allah Azza wa Jall. Once, Ma’ruf al-karkhi (Rahimahu AllahimahUllah http://www.geocities.com/mutmainaa/prayer/go_back_pray.html

Go back and pray, for you have not prayed! by Muhammad Al-Shareef, LL.B. Shari'ah A Khutbah D uring the night, Abu Lu'lu' Al Majusi hid in the shadows in preparation for the Fajr Salah where he would execute his satanic mission: to Murder the Ameer of the Believers: Umar ibn Al-Khattab (Radi Allahu Anhu). Umar would lead the Fajr with a long surah, giving time for the community to join the congregation. As he led that Salah, Abu Lu'lu advanced from a dim pillar, a poisoned dagger hidden in his sleeve. He jumped in front of Umar (Radi Allahu Anhu) and tore open his stomach with the dagger. Abu Lu’lu’ then attempted an escape through the congregation, slashing left and right, murdering in his path many others. One Companion threw a cloth over and – realizing that he was caught – Abu Lu'lu' killed himself. Umar completed the Fajr Salah and passed away later in his bed Radi Allahu Anhu. The importance of the prayer in Islam cannot be understated. It is the first pillar of Islam that the Prophet (salAllahu alayhi wasalam) mentioned after mentioning the testimony of faith, by which one becomes a Muslim. It was made obligatory upon all the prophets and for all peoples. Allah declared its obligatory status under majestic circumstances. For example, when Allah spoke directly to Moses, He said, "And I have chosen you, so listen to that which is inspired to you. Verily, I am Allah! There is none worthy of worship but I, so worship Me and offer prayer perfectly for My remembrance."

30. Muslims And Maths sexagesimal system. alkarkhi was primarily responsible for popularisingHindu numerals before the advent of Arabic ones. His book http://www.geocities.com/WestHollywood/Park/6443/Maths/maths.html

Muslims and Maths Muslims have made immense contributions to almost all branches of the sciences and arts, but mathematics was their favourite subject and its development owes a great deal to the genius of Arab and persian scholars. The advancement in different branches of mathematical science commenced during the Caliphate of Omayyads, and Hajjaj bin Yusuf, who was himself a translator of Euclid as well as a great patron of mathematicians. Translations Arithmetic Arabs were the founders of every day arithmetic and taught the use of ciphers to the world. Musa al-Khwarizmi (780850 A.D.) a native of Khwarizm, who lived in the reign of Mamun-ar-Rashid, was one of the greatest mathematicians of all times. He composed the oldest Islamic works on arithmetic and algebra which were the principal source of knowledge on the subject for a fairly long time. George Sarton pays glowing tribute to this outstanding Muslim mathematician and considers him "one of the greatest scientists of his race and the greatest of his time".' He systematised Greek and Hindu mathematical knowledge and profoundly influenced mathematical thought during mediaeval times. He championed the use of Hindu numerals and has the distinction of being the author of the oldest Arabic work on arithmetic known as Kitab-ul Jama wat Tafriq. The original version of this work has disappeared but its Latin translation Trattati a" Arithmetic edited by Bon Compagni in 1157 at Rome is still in existence.

31. Usul1. alkarkhi said that if it is specified with separate evidence, then it is permitted. Thereis no disagreement between al-karkhi and Isa ibn Aban on that. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/usul1.html

The First Source: The Book of Allah 1. Explicit texts ( nass ) and apparent ( dhahir ... 4. Bayan al-Qur'an (Explication of the Qur'an) According to ash-Shatibi al-Maliki in al-Muwafaqat "The Qur'an is the whole of the Shari'a, the support of religion, the fount of wisdom, the sign of Prophethood and the light of the eyes and the heart. There is no way to Allah except through it and there is no salvation by any other means than it. You must not hold to anything that contradicts it. None of this needs affirmation or deduction because it is known to the deen of the Community. Since that is the case, whoever wants complete knowledge of the Shari'a and desires to perceive its aims and be joined to its adherents must necessarily take the Qur'an as his constant companion and make it his intimate, night and day, in both investigation and action... If he is able to do that, he will soon have students and find himself among the Frontrunners and in the first rank. He will not be able to do it without being helped in that by the Sunna which clarifies the Book and, failing that, the works of earlier Imams and the

32. Usulgloss2. He died in 150/167. Abu lHasan al-karkhi A Hanafi faqih who wrote al-Usul.d. 390. Abu Hurayra He became Muslim in the year of Khaybar. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Abewley/usulgloss2.html

People and Texts Mentioned Abu Bakr: the first khalif after the Messenger of Allah, born either two years or six years after the Year of the Elephant (51 years before the hijra). He was the best of the Companions. He died in 13/634 when he was 63 and was buried beside the Messenger of Allah. Abu Bakr al-Abhari: He lived in Baghdad and wrote many valuable books. It is said that Maliki fiqh was established in Iraq through him. He was unique in being the only successor to Isma'il ibn Ishaq in Iraq who was competent in all areas of Maliki fiqh . d. 375. Abu Hanifa: Abu Hanifa an-Nu'man ibn Thabit, founder of the Hanafi school, one of the four Imams, who developed ra'y (judicial opinion). He died in 150/167. Abu'l-Hasan al-Karkhi: A Hanafi faqih who wrote al-Usul . d. 390. Abu Hurayra: He became Muslim in the year of Khaybar. He is considered to be one of the Companions with the greatest memory. He died in Madina in 56/679 at the age of 77. Abu'l-Husayn al-Basri: a Mu'tazilite faqih who died in 478/1085. He wrote al-Mu'tamid fi usul l-fiqh , a major source of influence in the field of usul until ar-Razi's Mahsul Abu Sufyan: The leader of Quraysh against the Muslims, he became Muslim when Makka was conquered and was present with the Prophet at the Battle of Hunayn. He was the father of the Prophet's wife, Umm Habiba. He died in Madina in 31/652.

33. Islamic Forum -> Awliya And Sali7een Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, Junaid ibn Muhammad, Hasan alBasri, al Fudayl ibn al-Ayyad,Ibrahim bin al-Adham, Abi Sulayman ad-Daarani, Ma ruf al-karkhi, Siri as http://forums.gawaher.com/show.php/showtopic/2243

Gawaher.com Forum Rules Help Search ... Site Map Welcome Guest ( Log In Register Resend Validation Email Islamic Forum ... Islamic Discussion Awliya And Sali7een , According to Sheikh Al Islam Ibn Taymiya (r) Track this topic Email this topic Print this topic Al Faqueer ... Posted: Sep 4 2003, 09:03 Group: IF Moderators Posts: 2,902 Member No.: 1,056 Joined: 21-July 03 Gender: Male According to Sheikh Al Islam Ibn Taymiya (ra7matullah 3laihi) "A servant of Allah, Almighty and Exalted, cannot be considered a saint unless he is a true believer. Allah mentions in Qur'an, Surat Yunus, 62-63: "Now surely, on the friends of Allah there is no fear, nor shall they grieve; those who believe and guard against evil." He then quotes the famous hadith from Bukhari: "My servant draws not near to Me with anything more loved by Me than the religious duties I have enjoined upon him, and My servant continues to draw near to Me with supererogatory works so that I shall love him. When I love him I am his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask [something] of Me, I would surely give it to him, and were he to ask Me for refuge, I would surely grant him it. I do not hesitate about anything as much as I hesitate about [seizing] the soul of My faithful servant: he hates death and I hate hurting him." He explains the phrase, "Whoever comes against one of My saints is challenging Me to fight" thus: "It means that Allah is expressing: 'I will seek revenge against anyone who comes against My saints like an aggressive lion.'" (p. 314)

34. :: Said Aqil Siradj Web Site :: Ma’ruf alkarkhi pernah berkunjung kepada Abul-Hasan ibn Basyar denganmemakai jubah wol. Abul Hasan bertanya “Wahai Ma’ruf http://www.said-agil.com/view.asp?origin=jurnalkhastasawuf&mode=content&id=61

35. Syaikh As-Sariy As-Saqathy itu,? Tanya Sariy Saqathy. Kami mengadakan pertemuan dengan rakankami, iaitu Ibrahim Bin Adham Ma ruf alkarkhi. Dan saat ini http://members.tripod.com/~suluk98/Wali7.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" KEKAYAAN TANPA HARTA, ILMU TANPA BELAJAR DAN KEMULIAAN TANPA KAUM KELUARGA Petikan Dari Untaian Kisah Para Wali Allah Syeikh As-Sariy As-Saqqathy r.a. bercerita: Sekali peristiwa sedang aku berada di Baitul-Maqdis, ketika itu aku duduk di Sakhrah berdekatan dengan Masjid Al-Aqsha. Aku dalam keadaan sedih dan pilu sekali, kerana hari-hari untuk perlaksanaan haji ke Batullah hanya tinggal sepuluh hari saja lagi, jadi aku merasa kesal sekali kerana tidak dapat menunaikan ibadat Haji pada tahun itu Aku berkata dalam hatiku: "Alangkah buruknya nasib! Semua orang telah berangkat menuju ke Makkah untuk menunaikan haji, dan kini yang tinggal hanya beberapa hari saja, padahal aku masih berada di sini!" Akupun menangis kerana ketinggalan amalan Haji tahun ini. Tidak beberapa lama sesudah itu, aku terdengar suatu suara ghaib menyambut tangisanku tadi. Katanya: "Wahai Sariy Saqathy! Janganlah anda menangis, nanti Tuhan akan mengirimkan utusanNya untuk menghantarmu ke Baitullahil-Haram, Makkah di saat ini juga.!" Aku bertanya dalam hatiku: Bagaimana ini boleh terjadi, sedang saat ini aku masih di sini, padahal perlaksanaan haji tinggal beberapa hari lagi? Apakah aku akan diterbangkan? atau bagaimana?

36. Necklaces Of Gems-6 Like Shaikh Ma ruf alkarkhi before him, Shaikh Abd al-Qadir believesthat problems are best referred to Allah (Exalted is he). http://www.islam.co.za/abdalqadirjilani/necklaces_6.htm

Necklaces of Gems Part 6 Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir invites Shaikh Hammad ad-Dabbas to read what is inscribed on the palm of his hand. It was Abu 'n-Najib as-Suhrawardi (may Allah bestow His mercy upon him) who said: "I was in the company of Shaikh Hammad ad-Dabbas (may Allah be well pleased with him) in Baghdad, in the year [A.H.] 523. Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir (may Allah be well pleased with him) was also in his company at that time, and he had a truly magnificent way of speaking. Shaikh Hammad said to him: 'O 'Abd al-Qadir, you speak with remarkable confidence. Are you not afraid that Allah may deal with you craftily?' Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir responded to this by placing the palm of his hand upon Shaikh Hammad's breast, as he said to him: 'Look with the eye of your heart at what is written on the palm of my hand!' His attention turned inward for a moment, then Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir removed his hand from Shaikh Hammad's breast. "Shaikh Hammad said: 'I read on his palm that he has received seventy firm assurances from Allah (Exalted is He), to the effect that He will never treat him craftily.' Shaikh Hammad then went on to say: 'There can be no problem after that! There can be no problem after that, for: Such is the bounty of Allah which He bestows on whom He will. Allah is the Lord of infinite bounty. (62:4)

37. ”ŠwŽj or alHosein), al-karkhi. ?. 2. Book of Satisfactions. A.Hochheim, Kafi fil Hisab des Abu Bekr Muhammed Ben Alhusein Alkarkhi, 3 parts http://www2m.biglobe.ne.jp/~m-souda/mysouda/math/smith/chapter7/math4.html

”ŠwŽj [ƒoƒOƒ_ƒbƒh‚̐Š‘Þ] [ƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL] [ƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL‚̃tƒ@ƒNƒŠ] [ƒAƒ”ƒBƒPƒ“ƒi] ... [ƒAƒ‰ƒrƒA‚̈̋Ƃ̂܂Ƃß] ƒoƒOƒ_ƒbƒh‚̐Š‘Þ ƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL @ƒJƒŠƒt‚Ì“s‚ŁA”Šw‚ɐ^‚ɍvŒ£‚µ‚½ÅŒã‚̐l’B‚Ì’†‚ɁAƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL(al-Karkhi) ‚ª‚¢‚½B”ނ́A1029”N ‚É–v‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB”Þ‚Ì’m‚ç‚ê‚´‚éÅ‰‚Ì’˜ì‚́AŽZp(Kafi fil Hisab) A‹°‚ç‚­A1010”N ‚Æ1016”N‚Ƃ̊Ԃɏ‘‚©‚ꂽ‚à‚̂ŁA‚à‚Á‚Ï‚ç‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢‚É‚µ‚Ä‚àAƒqƒ“ƒhƒD[‚ÌŽ‘—¿‚©‚çL‚­Žæ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB ‚»‚ê‚ɂ́A“–Žž‚Ì‘½‚­‚Ì’˜q‰Æ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä’ñŽ¦‚³‚ꂽŽZp‚Ì—v‘f‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚邾‚¯‚Å‚È‚­Athe rules of quarter square ‚àŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éB @@@( a+b /2 )^2 - ( a-b /2)^2 = ab ‹°‚ç‚­Aƒqƒ“ƒhƒD[‚É‹NŒ¹‚Ì‚ ‚éŒöŽ®‚¾‚낤B‚Ü‚½AŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÈŒöŽ®‚ÅŽ¦‚³‚ê‚éæ–@‚Ì•ûŽ®‚à—^‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚éB @@@( 10a + a )( 10b + b ) = [ ( 10a + a )b + ab ]*10 + ab @@@( 10a + b )( 10a + c ) = ( 10a + b + c )*a*10 + bc @•½•ûª‚̋ߎ—‚ð‹‚ß‚é‚ɂ́AƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL‚́A‘¼‚É‚à‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚ ‚é’†‚ŁAŽŸ‚̂悤‚É‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB @@@m = aa + r ‚ł́Aãm = a + r/(2a+1) <= a ‚Ì‚Æ‚«Aãm = a + r/2a @‚»‚Ì’˜ì‚́AÅŒã‚ɑ㐔‚ðˆµ‚¢A“ñŽŸ•û’öŽ®‚Æ‘æ‚QŠª‚Å‹c˜_‚³‚ꂽƒAƒ‹EƒWƒƒƒuƒ‹(al-jabr)‚ƃAƒ‹Eƒ€ƒJƒoƒ‰(al-muqubala)‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆê”Ê“I‚ȃAƒ‰ƒrƒAŒê‚Ìà–¾‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éB ƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL‚̃tƒ@ƒNƒŠ @‚µ‚©‚µAƒAƒ‹EƒJƒ‹ƒL‚́A”ނ̑㐔uƒtƒ@ƒNƒŠ(Fakhri)v ‚ōłà‚æ‚­’m‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚»‚ê‚́A‘㐔“I—ʁAi•½•ûjªAˆêŽŸ‚Æ“ñŽŸ‚Ì•û’öŽ®A•s’è‰ðÍ(indeterminate analysis)‚â–â‘è‚̉ð–@‚̈ê”Ê“I‚È‘€ì‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¢‚éB“ñŽŸ•û’öŽ®‚́Axxxx+5xx=126‚̂悤‚ÈŒ`Ž®‚ðŠÜ‚ñ‚Å‚¨‚èA‘S”Ê‚É“ñŽŸ•û’öŽ®‚̉ð–@‚́A•û’öŽ® @@@axx+bx=c @‚»‚ÌŒöŽ®‚́A‰Šú‚̃Aƒ‰ƒrƒA‚Ì’˜ì‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ă̂悤‚ɁAŠô‰½Šw“I‚Éà–¾‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB”Þ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä—^‚¦‚ç‚ꂽ—lX‚È–â‘è‚́A–¾‚ç‚©‚ɃAƒ‹Eƒtƒ[ƒŠƒYƒ~[‚âƒfƒBƒIƒtƒ@ƒ“ƒgƒDƒX‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽ¦´‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚̂ŁA

38. Untitled 3 places!! Abu Bakr alKaraji ( al-karkhi) early 11 century). Arabicdisciple of Diophantus - without Diophantine analysis. Gave http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/arab/arab.html

Next: About this document Arab Contributions Within a century of Muhammad's conquest of Mecca, Islamic armies conquered lands from northern Africa, southern Europe, through the Middle East and east up to India. Within a century of that the Caliphate split up into several parts. The eastern segment, under the Abbasid caliphs, became a center of growth, of luxury, and of peace. In 766 the caliph al-Mansur founded his capitol in Baghdad and the caliph Harun al-Rashid, established a library. The stage was set for his successor, Al-Ma'mum. In the 9 century Al-Ma'mum established Baghdad as the new center of wisdom and learning. He establihed a research institute, the Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), which would last more than 200 years. Al-Ma'mum was responsible for a large scale translation project of as many ancient works as could be found. Greek manuscripts were obtained through treaties. By the end of the century, the major works of the Greeks had been translated. In addition, they learned the mathematics of the Babylonnians and the Hindus. What follows is a brief introduction to a few of the more prominent Arab mathematicians, and a sample of their work

39. Silsalah-e-Qadriah - Syedena Abdul Qadir Gillani his Ashabs and Ahlebaith, the highest rank among walis, is held by Hazrat GhousulAzam Abdul Qadir Jilani, followed by (1) Marouf-al-karkhi (2) Junaid-Al http://www.algillani.org/saq/parting_admonitions.shtml

Syedena Abu Muhammad Muhiuddin Abdul Qadir Gillani Parting Admonitions Hazrat Ghousul Azam lived an extraordinary sternous and glorious life mainly engaged in service to mankind during day time and occupied at night in prayer in contemplation of Allah. It is beyond common comprehension to assess his nearness to Allah, which by sheer devotion and sacrifice he had attained. His examplary life was transparently glorious. Every lunar month, an angel in the guise of an Arab, used to wait upon him and inform him of the good and bad events that would take place in its course. In 560 A.H. in the month of Ramzan the said Arab bade him farewell thereby indicating that Hazrat would. not-survive to see the next Ramzan. In the beginning of Rabi-ul.Akhir of 561 A.H. he fell ill. The illness grew worse daily and it became evident that his end was drawing nearer. His son Sheikh Abdul Wahab requested him to declare his parting admonition. He then said. It is incumbent on you to fear Allah and not to fear anyone else excepting Him and not to hope for anything from anyone else excepting Him. Entrust all your needs to Him and do not rely on anyone else excepting Him. Ask everything you need from Him and do not place your trust on anyone else, besides Him. He further said "when the heart becomes right with Allah, nothing is felt missing and nothing comes out of the man".

40. Science, Civilization And Society with sexagesimal fractions (probably an inheritance from Mesopotamian astronomy),and it was not until about 990 that the mathematician alkarkhi (Abu Bakr http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/science society/lectures/lecture16.html

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