81. Lukol Directory - Science Earth Sciences Geology Geochronology Radiometric Datin A radiometric dating Resource List Large annotated directory of internet resources on radiocarbon and other radioactive dating methods, including creationists http://www.lukol.com/Top/Science/Earth_Sciences/Geology/Geochronology/Radiometri

Lukol Directory - Science Earth Sciences Geology ... Radiometric Time Scale Discusses the uses of limitations of different radiometric dating techniques. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.ht... A Radiometric Dating Resource List Large annotated directory of internet resources on radiocarbon and other radioactive dating methods, including creationists' views and scientific critiques of those views. http://www.tim-thompson.com/radiometric.html Radiometric Dating Educational materials on the topic. http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/geology/geo10... Radiometric Dating: A Christian Perspective Presents a broad overview of radiometric dating techniques and refutes various misconceptions held by Christians who doubt these methods because they contradict their beliefs in a young earth. http://www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/Wiens.html Radioactive Dating Simple explanation of the topic of radiometric age determination. http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/radioactive_... Sub-Topics: Radiocarbon (14) Related Topics: Lukol Directory - Science Earth Sciences Geochemistry (105) ... Today's Jokes and Funny Pictures Search biggest search engines with one click: AOL Teoma Ask LookSmart ... DMOZ In partnership with FreakingNews.com

82. How Do Geologists Date Rocks? Radiometric Dating How do geologists date rocks? radiometric dating! A commonly used radiometric dating technique relies on the breakdown of potassium ( 40 P) to argon ( 40 Ar). http://www.ulo.ucl.ac.uk/~diploma/year_one/usgs/radiometric_dating/radiom.html

How do geologists date rocks? Radiometric dating! Radioactive elements were incorporated into the Earth when the Solar System formed. All rocks and minerals contain tiny amounts of these radioactive elements. Radioactive elements are unstable; they breakdown spontaneously into more stable atoms over time, a process known as radioactive decay. Radioactive decay occurs at a constant rate, specific to each radioactive isotope. Since the 1950s, geologists have used radioactive elements as natural "clocks" for determining numerical ages of certain types of rocks. Radiometric clocks are "set" when each rock forms. "Forms" means the moment an igneous rock solidifies from magma, a sedimentary rock layer is deposited, or a rock heated by metamorphism cools off. It's this resetting process that gives us the ability to date rocks that formed at different times in earth history. A commonly used radiometric dating technique relies on the breakdown of potassium ( P) to argon ( Ar). In igneous rocks, the potassium-argon "clock" is set the moment the rock first crystallizes from magma. Precise measurements of the amount of

83. History: Radiometric Dating, Page 1 Of 2 radiometric dating Clair Patterson (1 of 2). http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/history/radiometric.shtml

Home History of Evolutionary Thought Radiometric Dating: Clair Patterson (1 of 2) pre-1800s 1800 to 1900 1900s to present Random mutations ... Genetic similarities An Older Earth Radioactive elements decay, releasing particles and energy. next page Search Site Index Navigation ... Contact

84. Reasons To Believe: Radiometric Dating By Roger Wiens radiometric dating. A Christian Perspective. radiometric dating by Roger Wiens Technical Version, 790Kb PDF File. Requires Adobe Reader to view. http://www.reasons.org/resources/apologetics/roger_wiens_radiometric_dating.shtm

85. Radiometric Dating RADIOMETRIC AND CHEMICAL DATING TECHNIQUES. example Bull Lake Glaciation 150,000±8300 yr (Sharp et al., 2003) Berkeley radiometric dating RADIOCARBON DATING. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/10radiometric.html

RADIOMETRIC AND CHEMICAL DATING TECHNIQUES A product is detectable ( THE CLOCK The rate of production of that product is know ( THE TICKING CLOCK Product amount is (or known) at age of sample ( CLOCK SET TO ZERO Product / Rate = Time example: 10g / 0.5g/yr = 20 years Isotopes : elements with the same atomic number but different atomic mass. atomic number : number of protons in nucleus, e.g., 6-Carbon 7-Nitrogen, 19-Potassium atomic mass : number of protons + neutrons, e.g., Carbon 12, 13, 14; Potassium 39, 40 Written C to distinguish from ion charge C Some isotopes unstable K, C; while others are stable K, K, C, C Unstable isotopes decay to another stable or unstable Isotope Expressed as " half-life examples: C 5730 yr (5570, Libby) K 1.31 X 109 yr Pb 22 yr Radiocarbon half-lifes K/Ar dates are based on ratio of K / Ar trapped in sample, heating drives off argon gas, re-setting clock. Ar/ Ar relies on artificial production of Ar from K, which gives K / Ar ratio from same part of rock Pb DATING : radiometric dates for the last 100 year Origin of Pb : Uranium Decay Series Sources of Pb supported Pb produced by radioactive decay of sediments unsupported Pb transported to lake from watershed Models for Pb decay in sediment CRS - Constant rate of Supply CIC - Constant Initial Concentration Uranium Thorium Dating Th/ U T 4.5 billion years (

86. NewCreationism.Org - Radiometric Dating And How It Caused My Conversion To The O radiometric dating and How It Caused My Conversion To The Old Earth Perspective. By Kevin Miller. I had been a Christian for several http://www.newcreationism.org/CreationArticle9.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Radiometric Dating and How It Caused My Conversion To The Old Earth Perspective By Kevin Miller I had always sustained that God made the laws of nature regular, constant, and fairly accessible to mankind. This is what I believe scripture teaches us. Romans 1:20 states that "For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities-his eternal power and divine nature- have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse." If I was to be consistent with this view I needed to adjust my thinking on the age of the Earth and our Universe. I considered the idea that maybe the decay rates of nuclides had changed in the past or that maybe God made everything looking old but after considering all of the evidence that did not seem reasonable. Not to mention that when I looked at the results from dating methods from the field of astronomy all I found was consistency with the dates yielded from the methods of radiometric dating. References "A New Look At An Old Earth"

87. Geology: Radiometric Dating Date3/4/2004 Subjectradiometric dating Question I m in the midst of the evolution/creation debate, and one question has gone unanwered. http://experts.about.com/q/1359/3437256.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About AllExperts Experts Search Web Hosting Experts: Geology Volunteer Answers to one of thousands of questions Home More Questions Question Library zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects More Topic Questions Question Library A B ... Link to Us Newsletter Signup Subscribe to ExperTease Advertising Free Credit Report Topic: Geology Expert: C. Robert Reszka, Jr. Date: Subject: radiometric dating Question I'm in the midst of the evolution/creation debate, and one question has gone unanwered. How can rocks on earth be different ages. If the earth is 4 billion years old, all the rocks should be 4 billion years old. If it's 10,000 years old, they should all be 10,000 years old. I can't see why rocks at the bottom of the geologic column would be older, radiometrically. How can one rock be older than another unless it came from outside our atmosphere? The molten iron and rock at the center of the earth should be the same age as the crustal rock, no? Thanks for your help, I'm confused. Answer Hi Mike

88. Radiometric Dating radiometric dating. Radiometric measurements of time. Since the proton. Major radioactive elements used for radiometric dating. Parent, http://sci.waikato.ac.nz/evolution/RadiometricDating.shtml

The Evolution of Life Fossils Geological Time Geological Time Geologic Time Scale Plate Tectonics Radiometric Dating Deep Time ... Geological History of New Zealand Radiometric Dating Radiometric measurements of time Since the early twentieth century scientists have found ways to accurately measure geological time. The discovery of radioactivity in uranium by the French physicist, Henri Becquerel , in 1896 paved the way of measuring absolute time. Shortly after Becquerel's find, Marie Curie , a French chemist, isolated another highly radioactive element, radium . The realisation that radioactive materials emit rays indicated a constant change of those materials from one element to another. The New Zealand physicist Ernest Rutherford , suggested in 1905 that the exact age of a rock could be measured by means of radioactivity. For the first time he was able to exactly measure the age of a uranium mineral. When Rutherford announced his findings it soon became clear that Earth is millions of years old.

89. Radiometric Dating Dating Isochron Radiometric How Discovery Of them within time zones that are determined by dating appropriately selected with 14radiometric dating but also with other forms of radiometric dating). http://www.indian-expedition.com/radiometric-dating.htm

90. Radiometric radiometric dating. The link between radiometric dating and lightspeed. Question Is there a direct link between radiometric dating and the speed of light? http://setterfield.org/RadiometricDating.htm

RADIOMETRIC DATING Link between radiometric dating and lightspeed Oklo What about the RATE group? Isn’t dendrochronology accurate for checking radiocarbon dating? ... Change in Decay Rates The link between radiometric dating and lightspeed Question: Is there a direct link between radiometric dating and the speed of light? Setterfield: Yes, there is. 'c', the speed of light, is in the numerator of every reduced radio decay rate equation. Question: Could you please explain to me in simple terms why the rate of atomic decay depends upon the speed of light? Setterfield: The simplest way is to say that the equations describing atomic decay contain a number of atomic constants, including the speed of light. If energy is conserved in a varying light speed process, these constants are changing so there is effectively a light speed term in the numerator of each equation. Thus, the higher the light speed, the faster the decay rate, in the same proportion. Question: Is there a direct link between c-dependent radioactive decay rates and geological processes? Setterfield: Yes there is. Importantly, the original short half-life elements were also a contributor and they have gone now. This also made for rapid heating of the earth interior (cool to start with). Furthermore, there is evidence that the main radioactive elements were concentrated in a layer low in the mantle and came to the surface progressively after that.

91. RADIOMETRIC DATING - Meaning And Definition Of The Word Search Dictionary radiometric dating Dictionary Entry and Meaning. Glossary. Definition a type of chronometric dating that involves http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/radiometric dating

English Dictionary Computer Dictionary Thesaurus Dream Dictionary ... Medical Dictionary Search Dictionary: RADIOMETRIC DATING: Dictionary Entry and Meaning Glossary Definition: a type of chronometric dating that involves methods based upon the decay of radioactive materials; examples are radiocarbon and potassium-argon dating. HOME ABOUT HYPERDICTIONARY

92. Young-Earth Creationism The average YEC thinks that radiometric dating is the only form of dating which supports an ancient Earth (thus revealing ignorance of both science and history http://www.stardestroyer.net/Creationism/YoungEarth/Hartman-2.shtml

Introduction Conspiracy of Silence Radiometric Dating Unsolved Mysteries ... Conclusion Young-Earth Creationism Radiometric Dating The average YEC thinks that radiometric dating is the only form of dating which supports an ancient Earth (thus revealing ignorance of both science and history, since old Earth theories can be traced back more than two thousand years , and age estimates had already hit tens of millions of years in the late 18th century, many decades before Darwin published "The Origin of Species"). But since they labour under this scientifically and historically ignorant assumption, they think they can topple the entire weight of old Earth evidence if they can punch a hole in radiometric dating. Naturally, no effort is spared in this endeavour. They "know" that potassium, Carbon-14, or whatever element they're testing decays at a certain invariable rate except they don't know that at all. Decay rates can change, and they don't know if the rate changed or not. This is one of the oldest YEC attacks on radiometric dating: he thinks radioactive "decay rates can change", and that this therefore invalidates the concept of radiometric dating.

93. Radiometric Dating Innovations And Patents radiometric dating Innovations and Patents. © 2002 Dialysis. More information on radiometric dating and radiometric dating Research References. http://www.air.xq23.com/energy_science_resources/Radiometric_Dating.html

Radiometric Dating Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research (air.xq23.com) Who were the Great Minds Absolute Zero Acid Rain Acoelomates ... HOME KEY SITES: PRIME-RADIANT FUTURE'S EDGE Future Books Educational Priorities THE LUMINARIES SCIENCE FICTION ARCHIVES: FIRST PILLAR kurt vonnegut arthur c clarke david brin ... Dialysis More information on: Radiometric Dating and Radiometric Dating Research References. Recent U.S. patents related to Radiometric Dating: 6,353,478: Digital range sensor system RE37,536: Split energy level radiation detection 6,288,786: Digital range sensor system 6,206,931: Graft prosthesis materials 6,198,285: In-room MRI display terminal and remote control system 6,130,402: System and process for marking or perforating 6,088,110: Digital range sensor system 5,996,895: Scanning system with adjustable light output and/or scanning angle 5,996,799: Shipping container and method 5,974,111: Identifying explosives or other contraband by employing transmitted or scattered X-rays 5,963,292: Thermal tuft fluid flow investigation apparatus with a color alterable thermally responsive liquid crystal layer 5,905,627: Internally grounded feedthrough filter capacitor

94. Radiometric Dating radiometric dating. AND THE. FANTASY WORLD. OF. WHAT IS THE TRUE AGE OF THE EARTH? radiometric dating AND THE AGE OF THE EARTH. ALL IS NOT WHAT IT SEEMS! http://www.enlightened.org.uk/ev04-radiometric.html

RADIOMETRIC DATING AND THE FANTASY WORLD OF EVOLUTIONISTS. HOW EVOLUTIONISTS TAKE US BACK MILLIONS OF YEARS INTO THEIR FANTASY WORLD WHAT IS THE TRUE AGE OF THE EARTH? RADIOMETRIC DATING AND THE AGE OF THE EARTH. ALL IS NOT WHAT IT SEEMS! How many times do you hear on television or read in the newspapers that dinosaurs died out 60 million years ago? That this particular rock is 20 millions years old? You can be forgiven for believing them because they sound so convincing. They talk as if it was a proven fact - but it isn't! Quite the reverse. We'll talk about dinosaurs later but for now let's look at the methods of dating. WE CAN CALCULATE THE EARTH'S AGE BY THE URANIUM-THORIUM-LEAD METHOD. According to Doctor White the radio isotopes of uranium and thorium, found in some of the earth's rocks decay and they emit alpha particles, that are helium-4 nuclei. As these slow down they pick up electrons to form helium-4 atoms that find their way into the earth's atmosphere. This rate of helium-4 released into the atmosphere has been calculated by Henry Faul in his book; "Nuclear Geology". He says it has taken just over 11,000 years for this amount of helium-4 to be produced from the decay of the uranium and thorium that is in the earth's crust. If the earth was created with some helium-4 already present (a reasonable assumption!) then the age of the earth will be much less - agreed? WHAT THE INBALANCE OF RADIO CARBON TELLS US ABOUT THE AGE OF THE EARTH.

95. ThinkQuest : Library : Nuclear Physics Simple explanation of the topic of radiometric age determination. http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/radioactive_dating.html

Index Physical Science Nuclear Physics Nuclear physics remains a hot topic for discussion, especially at this excellent site. Learn the underlying principles of nuclear physics and the history of its development. Discover the uses, from general applications such as medical imaging and radioactive dating, to the more controversial nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. Read the opposing viewpoints people have for and against the use of nuclear energy and nuclear proliferation. Visit Site 1996 ThinkQuest Internet Challenge Languages English Students Johann TJHSST (Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technol, Alexandria, VA, United States John New Plymouth High School, New Plymouth, ID, United States Greg TJHSST, Alexandria, VA, United States Coaches Robert TJHSST, Alexandria, VA, United States Duane New Plymouth High School, New Plymouth, ID, United States Want to build a ThinkQuest site? The ThinkQuest site above is one of thousands of educational web sites built by students from around the world. Click here to learn how you can build a ThinkQuest site.

96. Error: Page Not Found one of the following three locations Departmental Pages http//www.units.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometricdating.htmlx; http://www.muohio.edu/~schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx

Error: Page not found The page you requested was not found or has moved. Please confirm that you are using the correct URL. In the event that the page has moved, it may be at one of the following three locations: Departmental Pages http://www.units.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx Organizational Pages http://www.orgs.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx Personal Pages http://www.users.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx If you are still having difficulty, please try the following resources: MiamiSearch http://www.muohio.edu/musearch/ Miami Home Page http://www.muohio.edu/ IT Services Support Desk http://www.muohio.edu/supportdesk/ supportdesk@muohio.edu If you are the owner of this page and need assistance, click here

97. Welcome To Virtual Age - Dating Sorry, but you're not likely to find that special someone here, because this is an interactive exercise about Geologic Time. Here you'll learn how geologists and archeologists determine the ages of http://vflylab.calstatela.edu/VirtualDating

Sorry, but you're not likely to find that special someone here, because this is an interactive exercise about Geologic Time . Here you'll learn how geologists and archeologists determine the ages of rocks and ancient artifacts. Please be patient as Java applets and associated images load into your computer. Your comments are welcome. Email to: document.write('' + 'virtualdating@risner.org' + ''); Update: some of the Java applets have been replaced with Flash movies using capabilities recently added to Flash. These will require the Flash 7 Player to use. Click on the "System and technical requirements" link if you need to get the new Flash 7 Player. Virtual Dating contains two options as well as a demonstration version. Virtual Dating Isochron for rocks and minerals Virtual Dating Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) Virtual Dating Demo If you just want to do a quick run-through of the activity, try the "Demo" version answer checking and other feedbacks are not implemented. System and technical requirements for Virtual Dating Last update: March, 2004

98. Radioactive Dating And The Age Of The Solar System Radioactive dating. The In practice, the radioactive dating techniques used today measure the time since a rock was last molten. The http://pegasus.phast.umass.edu/a100/handouts/raddat/raddat.html

Radioactive Dating The nuclei of some atoms (e.g. Uranium) are unstable and will decay to become either some nearby element in the periodic table or some isotope of the same element. U Pb (710 million years) Rb Sr (47 billion years) The time in parenthesis is the ``half-life'' of the specified process. The half-life represents the average time an atom will survive in its original state. Like popcorn , some atoms decay right away, while others survive much longer than the average. If you start with a pure sample of one of the above unstable elements, after the time in parenthesis has elapsed, half of that sample will have decayed. After one more half life, of the original sample will have decayed (i.e. half of the remaining half). How do you determine how much lead was in the rock originally? A rock which is half uranium and half lead, may be very young and just had a large amount of lead to start. Lead comes in two forms one with 206 protons and neutrons, one with 204. Uranium exculsively decays to the form with 206 protons and neutrons.

99. 1.0_ClocksInRocks The Geologic Time Scale was originally laid out using relative dating principles. Numerical dating, the focus of this exercise, takes http://vcourseware.calstatela.edu/VirtualDating/files/1.0_ClocksInRocks.html

Radioactive Isotopes - the "Clocks in Rocks" Numerical and Relative Ages for Rocks A numerical (or "absolute") age is a specific number of years, like 150 million years ago. A relative age simply states whether one rock formation is older or younger than another formation. The Geologic Time Scale was originally laid out using relative dating principles. Numerical dating , the focus of this exercise, takes advantage of the "clocks in rocks" - radioactive isotopes ("parents") that spontaneously decay to form new isotopes ("daughters") while releasing energy. For example, decay of the parent isotope Rb-87 (Rubidium) produces a stable daughter isotope, Sr-87 (Strontium), while releasing a beta particle (an electron from the nucleus). ("87" is the atomic mass number = protons + neutrons.) Numerical ages have been added to the Geologic Time Scale since the advent of radioactive age-dating techniques. Many minerals contain radioactive isotopes. In theory, the age of any of these minerals can be determined by

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