The periodic chart of the elements. Properties of matter. Periodic properties. Element, ion, and compound symbols. ... Groups or families of the periodic chart. THE PERIODIC CHART OF THE ELEMENTS The Periodic Chart of the Elements is just a way to arrange the elements to show a large amount of information and organization. As you read across the chart from right to left, a line of elements is a Period. As you read down the chart from top to bottom, a line of elements is a Group or Family. We number the elements, beginning with hydrogen, number one, in integers up to the largest number. The integer number in the box with the element symbol is the atomic number of the element and also the number of protons in each atom of the element. Back to the beginning of Periodic Chart. PROPERTIES OF MATTER There are two types of property of matter. Physical properties describe the material as it is. Chemical properties describe how a material reacts, with what it reacts, the amount of heat it produces as it reacts, or any other measurable trait that has to do with the combining power of the material. Properties might describe a comparative trait (denser than gold) or a measured trait (17.7 g/cc), a relative trait (17.7 specific gravity), or an entire table of measurements in a table or graph form (the density of the material through a range of temperatures). Physical properties include such things as: color, brittleness, malleability, ductility, electrical conductivity, density, magnetism, hardness, atomic number, specific heat, heat of vaporization, heat of fusion, crystalline configuration, melting temperature, boiling temperature, heat conductivity, vapor pressure, or tendency to dissolve in various liquids. These are only a few of the possible measurable physical properties. | |
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