21. CNN - Ozone Layer On Slow Path To Recovery - April 28, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9904/28/ozone.enn/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Ozone layer on slow path to recovery Carly Caramanna, a fifth grader at East Dover Elementary in Toms River, N.J., depicted 'Always Keep Sun Lotion Handy' in her contribution to the EPA Ozone Depletion Art Project April 28, 1999 Web posted at: 11:45 AM EDT The ozone layer is on a slow path to recovery, but continued reduction in ozone-depleting substances is needed to ensure a return to pre-ozone hole levels sometime in the middle of next century, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Reduced concentrations of methyl chloroform, a chemical previously used as a cleaning solvent, is primarily responsible for the three percent overall decline in ozone-depleting substances. Since methyl chloroform is destroyed much more rapidly in the atmosphere by natural processes than are other ozone-depleting substances, it will diminish in the next five to 10 years to a level where it will cease to harm the ozone layer, said Stephen A. Montzka, a scientist at NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory in Boulder, Colo.

22. Beakman & Jax - Ozone & You Question What is the deal with the ozone layer? Answer Ozone is a word we see and hear a lot in the news. And the news can scare us. But You Can turn fear into something else. What you change fear http://www.bonus.com/ozone/ozone.html

Ozone Question: What is the deal with the ozone layer? Answer: Ozone is a word we see and hear a lot in the news. And the news can scare us. But You Can turn fear into something else. What you change fear into is up to you. But before You Can change fear, you first have to understand what's going on. It's how you begin. What Is Ozone? The drawing is roughly the shape of an ozone molecule. Ozone is made up of oxygen atoms. The oxygen we breathe is made from 2 atoms. It's called O2. Ozone is made from 3 atoms and is called O3. Ozone isn't very stable. It can break apart and turn into O2 easily. There is lots of it high above the Earth near the edge of outer space. Ozone is just the right size and shape to absorb energy from the sun that can be dangerous. The ozone forms a layer that absorbs some of the sun's energy. That layer protects us. What Is The Problem? Freon and other related chemicals drift up miles above the Earth to the part of our air called the stratosphere (STRAT-us-fear). That's where ozone is. When high energy sunlight hits a freon molecule, it breaks up and releases a chlorine atom

23. EUROPA - Environment - Ozone Layer Protection Homepage ozone layer Protection. The ozone layer Introduction; Community Action Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 on Substances that Deplete the ozone layer; http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ozone/

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... Fifth International Conference on Alternatives to Methyl Bromide, 27-30 September 2004, Lisbon, Portugal Ozone Layer Protection The ozone Layer Introduction Community Action Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer International Action These pages provide an overview of the initiatives being taken at international level to further protect the ozone layer Research The European Commission is funding new research aimed at assessing the contribution of high altitude polar clouds to ozone depletion as part of a wider campaign to improve understanding and forecasting of ozone destruction. Industry Information This page provides a list of the ozone-depleting substances which are controlled under (EC) Regulation 2037/2000 on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and lists banned substances and alternatives which may be used to replace them. Statistics Links Contact us Animations: Arctic and ozone depletion affecting us in Europe Ozone depletion over Antarctica.

24. CNN.com - Nature - Ozone Layer May Take Decades To Mend - September 28, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/09/28/ozone.enn/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Ozone layer may take decades to mend Scientists say ozone layer recovery may not be detectable for as many as 45 years By Environmental News Network staff Though ozone-depleting chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons are beginning to fade from the atmosphere, there's no telling when the ozone layer will begin to recover, NOAA scientists say.

25. EUROPA - Environment - The Ozone Layer The ozone layer. This ozone layer performs the essential task of filtering out most of the sun s biologically harmful ultraviolet (UVB) radiation. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ozone/ozone_layer.htm

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... Resources The Ozone Layer Although ozone (O ) is present in small concentrations throughout the atmosphere, most ozone (about 90%) exists in the stratosphere, in a layer between 10 and 50km above the surface of the earth. This ozone layer performs the essential task of filtering out most of the sun's biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation. Concentrations of ozone in the atmosphere vary naturally according to temperature, weather, latitude and altitude. Furthermore, aerosols and other particles ejected by natural events such as volcanic eruptions can have measurable impacts on ozone levels. The Ozone Hole In 1985, scientists identified a thinning of the ozone layer over the Antarctic during the spring months which became known as the "ozone hole". The scientific evidence shows that human-made chemicals are responsible for the creation of the Antarctic ozone hole and are also likely to play a role in global ozone losses. Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) have been used in many products which take advantage of their physical properties (e.g. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants). CFCs are broken down by sunlight in the stratosphere, producing halogen (e.g. chlorine) atoms, which subsequently destroy ozone through a complex catalytic cycle. Ozone destruction is greatest at the South pole where very low stratospheric temperatures in winter create polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). Ice crystals formed in PSCs provide a large surface area for chemical reactions, accelerating catalytic cycles. The destruction of ozone also involves sunlight, so the process intensifies during spring time, when the levels of solar radiation at the pole are highest, and PSC's are continually present.

26. NASA Study Arctic Ozone Layer May Not Be Recovering As Fast As Predicted CNN http://cnn.com/2000/NATURE/05/26/arcticozone.ap/index.html

27. UN Grants China $25 Million To Help Save Ozone Layer CNN http://cnn.com/2001/NATURE/01/15/china.ozone.reut/index.html

28. Stratospheric Ozone As one of the early signatories to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone layer in 1987, Canada has made significant progress in reducing http://www.ec.gc.ca/ozone/en/index.cfm

Understanding Stratospheric Ozone Regulations Substances and Sectors National Initiatives ... Notice with Respect to Methyl Bromide Welcome to the New Environment Canada Stratospheric Ozone Web Site! As one of the early signatories to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987, Canada has made significant progress in reducing the emissions of ozone-depleting substances through strong control measures implemented by federal, provincial and territorial governments, changes in technologies and voluntary actions by industry. This site provides information on the history of stratospheric ozone layer depletion, the science of ozone depletion, Canada’s Ozone Layer Protection Program and the regulatory approach to protect the ozone layer, as well as information on a number of other topics. We hope you enjoy the new website and find it useful and informative. What's New About Us Topics Publications ... Canada Site The Green Lane TM , Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Important Notices

29. Hydrogen Fuel May Disturb Ozone Layer CNN http://cnn.com/2003/TECH/science/06/12/hydrogen.ozone.ap/index.html

30. Ozone Layer ozone layer. ozone layer. The ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere which protects the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation from space. http://www.zephryus.demon.co.uk/geography/resources/environ/ozone.html

Ozone Layer Ozone Layer The Ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere which protects the Earth from the harmful effects of ultra-violet radiation from space. Discussion about the Ozone Layer became popular when, in 1984, it was discovered that above Antarctica there was a hole in the layer. This was not expected and started scientists on a search to discover why the hole had appeared, and what had caused it. For ten or more years before the discovery, scientists had been warning that the use of chlorofluorocarbons ( cfc's ) in products that discharged them into the atmosphere could cause serious damage to the Ozone layer, but it was difficult to prove. The chemical companies which had most to lose if cfc's were banned mounted a strong denial of the suggestion and insisted that cfc's were quite safe, so very little was done to reduce their use. In October 1987 scientists were surprised again when the hole over Antarctica reached the same size as the USA. This increase in size led some scientists to demand immediate action to stop cfc's being used world wide. However, there is a long delay between cfc's being released into the air, and their arrival in the stratosphere. It can take ten years for the gasses to reach the stratosphere, and another one hundred years before they are naturally destroyed. This means that we may have to live with the consequences of past pollution for many years to come.

31. National Institute For Environmental Studies (Independent Administrative Institu Research includes global warming, ozone layer depletion, pollution, treatment and recycling of waste, and the conservation of biodiversity. http://www.nies.go.jp/

About NIES Organization Outline Research NIES Publication ... Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER) Ministry of the Environment For further inquiry, please send an e-mail to : www@nies.go.jp National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan

32. Ozone Layer - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia ozone layer. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The ozone layer is that part of the stratosphere which contains ozone. Ozone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Bahasa Melayu Nederlands ... Magyar Ozone layer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The ozone layer is that part of the stratosphere which contains ozone . Ozone is notable for its ability to absorb certain frequencies of ultraviolet radiation . The ozone layer is not very dense ; if it were compressed to the density of the troposphere , it would be only a few millimeters thick. Ozone in the earth's atmosphere is generally created by ultraviolet light striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O ), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O to create ozone, O . The ozone molecule is also unstable and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O and an atom of atomic oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle , thus creating an ozone layer in the stratosphere The ozone layer can be destroyed by the presence of atomic chlorine fluorine or bromine in the atmosphere leading to the so-called ozone hole in the polar stratosphere during winter months; these elements are found in certain stable compounds, especially

33. The Science Of Ozone Depletion Union of Concerned Scientists primer on the ozone layer, its importance, the effects of humanproduced chemicals, and prospects for the future. http://www.ucsusa.org/global_environment/connections/page.cfm?pageID=551

34. News Bush ready to wreck ozone layer treaty. US slips in demand to drop ban on harmful pesticide. By Geoffrey Lean, Environment Editor. 20 July 2003. http://news.independent.co.uk/world/environment/story.jsp?story=425893

35. CNN.com - Nature - Study: Despite Efforts, Ozone Layer Will Take Long Time To He CNN http://cnn.com/2000/NATURE/12/16/ozone/index.html

nature Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web NATURE TOP STORIES New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil spill cleanup Insight, Prius lead the hybrid-powered fleet Picture: Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts MORE TOP STORIES Up to 2,000 killed in India quake; fear of aftershocks spreads Clinton aide denies reports of White House vandalism New hurdles hamper Galapagos oil-spill cleanup Two more Texas fugitives will contest extradition ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: CNN e-store Study: Despite efforts, ozone layer will take long time to heal

36. News ozone layer sacrificed to lift reelection prospects. By Geoffrey Lean, Environment Editor. 23 November 2003. President George Bush http://news.independent.co.uk/world/environment/story.jsp?story=466406

37. Climate Monitoring And Diagnostics Laboratory Conducts research related to atmospheric constituents that are capable of forcing change in the climate of the earth or that may deplete the ozone layer. CMDL monitors greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, ozonedepleting gases and solar and terrestrial radiation at global sites including four Baseline Observatories. http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov

Home About CMDL Data Publications ... Contact Us Baseline Observatories South Pole, Antarctica American Samoa Mauna Loa, Hawaii Trinidad Head, California Barrow, Alaska Search CMDL: What forces determine the Earth's climate ? What destroys the ozone layer? What will happen to air quality five research groups have been conducting sustained measurements for research related to climate, the ozone layer, and air quality at global Baseline Observatories and other locations for over 40 years in search of the answers which are needed to project the environmental future of this planet. [What does this figure represent? 2004 CMDL Annual Meeting Agenda and Abstracts NOAA Radiation Network Becomes the GCOS Global Baseline Radiation Network CMDL Annual Meeting: May 26-27, 2004 ... CMDL Scientists to Study Trace Gas Emissions in Siberia CMDL Research Groups Aerosols Radiation AERA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases (CCGG) ... Contact Us 325 Broadway R/CMDL Boulder, CO 80305

38. Grist | The Gist | The Loophole In | 20 Nov 2003 Grist readers talk back. Take action, speak out, be heard. The Loophole in the ozone layer How many international environmental treaties can one administration http://www.gristmagazine.com/thegist/gist112003.asp

archives gristmill about grist support grist ... grist by email search grist: Words from the editors Main Dish Daily Grist Muckraker Powers That Be ... Counter Culture Commentary Soapbox InterActivist Dispatches Ha. ... Books Unbound Etc. Letters Do Good Ha. Fowl play , by Amanda Griscom. Factory farms get sweetheart deal on air pollution from EPA. Electoral Collage . A special edition on elections and the environment. Power shift . Looking for leadership on climate change. Something is rotten in the state of Denmark . A skeptical look at The Skeptical Environmentalist. What now? One month after Sept. 11, it's a whole new environment. Hard-hitting news, thought-provoking features, and inspiring profiles Top environmental news from around the globe The dirt on environmental politics and policy The renewable energy scene Flabbergast your friends with these fun facts and figures Words from the editors Hurray, harrumph, and other points of view First-hand accounts from the field A cartoon by Suzy Becker Astute advice on all things environmental Hints for green buying and living Newly published works of an environmental bent Grist readers talk back Take action, speak out, be heard

39. The Ozone Hole Tour : Home Page An overview of the ozone layer and the development of the ozone hole over the Antarctic hosted by the Centre of Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge. http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/index.html

Centre for Atmospheric Science Notes for teachers Visited over 3500 times a week! Awards and citations for the Ozone Hole Tour deutsch Before You Start! I: The Discovery of the Ozone Hole II: Recent Ozone Loss over Antarctica III: The Science of the Ozone Hole IV: Latest Ozone Hole Research at Cambridge Glossary Credits More Info ... Centre for Atmospheric Science , Cambridge University, UK. No text or graphics can be used or reproduced without explicit written permission. This version designed and maintained by Dr. Glenn Carver . Original concept and design Owen Garrett. French translation by , German translation by Dr. Olaf Morgenstern

40. Press Releases - October 2001 - Threats To Ozone Layer Persist As Governments Se Threats to ozone layer persist as governments seek tighter controls. Recognizing the need to eliminate any remaining weaknesses in the international regime for http://www.unep.org/Documents/Default.asp?DocumentID=219&ArticleID=2939

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