21. Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae And Lichens Symbiosis mycorrhizae and Lichens. Introduction. The two most common example in fungi are mycorrhizae and lichens, which we will cover, today. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect26.htm

Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that are mutually benefiting from this association. These associations are obligatory ones in which neither organisms can survive in nature if the two organisms are separated. However, in the strict sense of this term, as it was proposed by de Barry in 1879, symbiotic relationships include a wide range of associations: Phoresy : A loose association where a usually, smaller organism is using a larger one as a transport host. Normally used in references to arthropods and fishes. An example of the latter is the remora, illustrated below, in Fig 1. Fig. 1: The remora is a one of several species of marine fishes that have sucking disks with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships. Commensalism : An association in which one species, usually the smaller, benefits from the association while the other species seems to be unaffected. Such relationships are usually not obligate and neither species will die if the association does not form. A common example is the relationship between the clown fish and sea anemone . The clown fish can swim into the tentacles of the anemone but will not be paralyzed by its sting. By staying within the tentacles of the anemone, it is protected from fish that may prey on it. However, the anemone does not apparently benefit from this relationship. An example more common in Hawai‘i is the

22. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. WB01624_.gif (281 bytes) Root Directory WB01624_.gif (281 bytes). mycorrhizae means Fungus Root. A mycorrhizae consists http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/Roots/Mycorrhizae.htm

Mycorrhizae Root Directory Mycorrhizae means Fungus Root . A Mycorrhizae consists of a root and an associated fungus whaich have a symbiotic relationship. There are two general types of Mycorrhizae, Endomycorrhizae Ectomycorrhizae Endomycorrhizae have fungal hyphae inside cortical cells of roots. They produce characteristic Vesicles (globular structures) and Arbuscules (highly branched structures) inside the walls of cortical cells. Consequently, they are often called Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Internal hyphae are continuous with hyphae on the root surface and in the soil. Images of Endomycorrhizae : Note the presence of Fungal Hyphae in the Cortical Cells of the root. Whole Mount of a Root with Endomycorrhizal Fungus : Note the prominent Blue Vesicles in the Cortex. Ectomycorrhizae form a thick hyphal mat that surrounds the root Hyphae penetrate the Root Cortex and have an extensive network therein. The hyphal network in the Cortex is often called the "Hartig Net". Images of Ectomycorrhizae in Root cross-sections: Note the presence of the thick Fungal Sheath ( Mantle ) that surrounds the root. Hyphae penetrate the Cell Walls of the Cortex where they form the "Hartig Net" but do not enter the protoplasts of these cells.

23. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae PlantFungus Partners. mycorrhizae result from the symbiosis (partnership) between a fungus hyphae and a living plant root. http://herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/funfacts/Mycorhiz.htm

Home Catalog Mushrooms Mycorrhizae: Plant-Fungus Partners Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They absorb their food from dead organic matter, or other living organisms. The source of their food is called a substrate if it is dead, and a host if it is living. The body (mycelium) of a fungus is made of threads called hyphae. Hyphae absorb nutrients from the substrate, spread, grow, and produce fruiting bodies. The fruiting body of the fungus is the part that we can see, and touch. Fruiting Bodies Black Truffle Cup Fungus Morel Giant Puffball Mushroom Earth Star Mycorrhizae result from the symbiosis (partnership) between a fungus' hyphae and a living plant root. Symbiotic partnerships occur only between living organisms. If a fungus obtains its carbohydrates from dead organic matter it is a "decomposer" and not symbiotic. Symbiotic partnerships are formed in three ways. A parasitic relationship benefits the fungus but harms the host. In mutual symbiosis, both fungus and host benefit from their partnership. A neutral symbiosis benefits the fungus with no harm or benefit to the host. Mycorrhizal symbioses are mutual and two types are recognized: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

24. Establishment Of Douglas Fir Plantations On Bare Ground. What this page is about. mycorrhizae, or mycorrhizal roots, are important for the good health and growth of Douglas fir (D. fir) or Pseudostuga menziesii. http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/d-fir.htm

Establishment of Douglas fir plantations on bare ground. Brian Swale, B.Sc. (NZ), M.A. (Forestry) (Oxon.) What this page is about. Mycorrhizae, or mycorrhizal roots, are important for the good health and growth of Douglas fir (D. fir) or Pseudostuga menziesii. The fungal genera which as ectomycorrhiza form good associations with D. fir include Rhizopogon, Endogone, Tuber and Hebeloma . Good forest tree nursery practice will ensure that Douglas fir seedling roots are infected with the mycorrhizal fungus that gives the best growth in the forest situation, and that nursery practice including wrenching or root pruning (seedling conditioning), seed spacing, seedling lifting, root trimming and seedling transport are all designed to ensure excellent seedling condition. On the planting site, cool-temperature seedling storage, avoidance of delay in planting, and quality planting technique allied with good site preparation will complete a quality process. Seed provenences for New Zealand sites will mostly be from coastal stands in Oregon and from California (Fort Bragg and Korbel); NZ seed stands are at Ashley and Eyrewell Forests and in the Nelson region. This page began with the intention of making available some little-known facts and techniques in regard to the importance, selection and use of mycorrhizal fungi in getting plantations of Douglas fir off to a good start. I soon realised however that there were a host of other factors that should be mentioned as well, since ignoring them might be even more damaging to the future of a stand of trees than ignoring mycorrhiza. So I have included much other material as well.

25. Mycorrhizae Fact Sheet 0129. mycorrhizae (Myco = fungus Rhiza = root). What are mycorrhizae? The associations between roots and fungi are called mycorrhizae. http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/FS01/FS0129.htm

Fact Sheet 01-29 MYCORRHIZAE (Myco = fungus Rhiza = root) Angela M. O’Callaghan, Ph.D. Southern Area Social Horticulture Specialist When plants live in challenging locations, they often develop mechanisms to help them survive. These include morphological characteristics such as thickened, small or narrow leaves to reduce water loss, slowing the plant's growth rate, or developing a tolerance for high salts and low levels of nutrients. One important set of survival mechanisms involves creating mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationships between plant roots and soil-borne organisms such as bacteria and fungi. What are mycorrhizae? The associations between roots and fungi are called mycorrhizae. These symbiotic arrangements have been found in about 90% of all land plants, and have been around for approximately 400 million years. Plant roots are hospitable sites for the fungi to anchor and produce their threads (hyphae). The roots provide essential nutrients for the growth of the fungi. In return, the large mass of fungal hyphae acts as a virtual root system for the plants, increasing the amount of water and nutrients that the plant may obtain from the surrounding soil. A plant that forms an association benefiting both the fungus and the plant is a "host." Large numbers of native desert plants are hosts to these fungi and would not survive without them.

26. Botanical Electronic News - BEN #118 REPORT OF FOSSIL ARBUSCULAR mycorrhizae FROM THE EARLY DEVONIAN. 1995. Fossil arbuscular mycorrhizae from the early Devonian. Mycologia 87 560573. http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ben118.html

BEN BOTANICAL ELECTRONIC NEWS No. 118 November 14, 1995 aceska@victoria.tc.ca Victoria, B.C. Dr. A. Ceska, P.O.Box 8546, Victoria, B.C. Canada V8W 3S2 KEN SARO-WIWA AND EIGHT COLLEAGUES HANGED IN NIGERIA From: Web pages at http://www.oneworld.org/ World outrage tinged with despair greeted the news on Friday November 10, 1995 that Nigeria's best-known human rights ac- tivist Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight of his colleagues had been hanged. Saro-Wiwa, who was a successful writer and businessman, was leader of the Movement for the Survival of Ogoni peoples, which had campaigned against the pollution and exploitation of their land by multinational oil companies - especially the Shell Co. Ken Saro-Wiwa was a recipient of the Goldman Environmental Prize and was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Leaders at the Commonwealth summit in Auckland, angered at General Abacha's disregard of their pleas for clemency, agreed to suspend Nigeria immediately from the Commonwealth. The country now has two years to embrace democracy or face permanent exclusion. You can find more on Web pages at http://www.oneworld.org/

27. Mycorrhizae Fungi -- Why You Should Use Them In Your Garden mycorrhizae Fungi Why You Should Use Them in Your Florida Garden. mycorrhizae are living organisms that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. http://www.floridagardener.com/manures/Mycorrhizae.asp

Garden Store The Patio The Exchange E-Postcards ... What You Think of FG Last Update Mycorrhizae Fungi Why You Should Use Them in Your Florida Garden Add this important biological partnership to your plant roots for top performance... Plants treated with mycorrhizae (my - koh - rý - zee) are much better able to tolerate drought, salty or damaged soils, and can perform better in disturbed and low fertility soils. Plants treated with mycorrhizae need less water and fertilizer which means less waste of our natural resources and less pollution from fertilizer runoff — two of the greatest environmental issues facing Florida today The word "mycorrhizae" means "fungus roots" and defines the close mutually beneficial relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots. "Mycorrhizae are living organisms that form a symbiotic relationship with plants. That's necessary because fungi are not capable of performing photosynthesis to make life-sustaining sugars and carbohydrates. Plants provide carbohydrates for the fungi in return for the fungi picking up more nutrients from the soil."

28. Mycology Mycorrhizae Most comprehensive resource on Biology Mycology mycorrhizae. Show biology (Biology Mycology mycorrhizae Free biology content (Biology Mycology mycorrhizae). http://biology.designerz.com/biology-mycology-mycorrhizae.php

Map.Designerz.com Science.Designerz.com Biology News Biology Chat ... Domain Names Sale - Save up to 75% document.write(' '); Home Mycology Biology Cell Biology ... Philosophy of Biology Channels Visited Clear Featured Links Web Hosting Sign up for our mailing list Biology Mycology Lichens Mycorrhizae Endophytes Publications Conferences Associations ... Biology A comprehensive resource on Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae Show biology (Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae) content on your web site Reach biology (Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae) Audience Save on Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae books, magazines and software See which Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae domain names are available Search Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae on other search engines Press Releases, Stories and Articles on Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae View all press releases Submit your press release View all articles Submit your article Featured Results (opens in a new window) Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. Organized links and information related for education, research and business applications of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Rate Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site Above Grounder's Introduction to Mycorrhizae Topics include the benefits of mycorrhizae to the plant and uses in habitat restoration, revegetation, and agriculture.

29. Conference On Rhizobium And Mycorrhizae In Crops Conference on Rhizobium and. mycorrhizae in Crops. Many crop plants have mycorrhizae (root fungal associations), which contribute to their nutrition. http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~es0man/conference.htm

Conference on Rhizobium and Mycorrhizae in Crops Dr Andrews page Proceedings page Programme page Venue page ... Sponsors page The conference had sessions on the rhizosphere, microbial production of plant nutrients and growth regulators; N fixation in pasture, grain and woody legume crops; mycorrhizae; fungal endophytes of crop plants and micro-organisms in brewing, bread making and fermented food production. Plant microbial interactions: positive interactions in relation to crop production and utilisation A range of micro-organisms interact positively with crop plants and play a major role in crop production. For example, soil and rhizosphere micro-organisms can: mediate the generation of inorganic nutrient ions such as nitrate, ammonium and phosphate from organic and/or inorganic material. Also, some soil micro-organisms can fix significant amounts of atmospheric nitrogen which becomes available to plants while others produce plant growth substances which enhance crop growth. The population of micro-organisms in the rhizosphere can be manipulated by inoculation of seed with specific micro-organisms. This procedure can lead to increased production of cereals such as wheat and rice. Pasture, grain and tree legume crops have symbiotic nitrogen fixing

30. Plant Success Mycorrhizae, "Amazing!" mycorrhizae in a tablet form that can be easily inserted into or around potted or plants in ground to provide a source of mychorrhizae. http://www.growstuffplus.com/IBS/SimpleCat/Product/asp/product-id/325063.html

Home About Us Our Location Our Policies ... Live Plants (When Available) Questions? Call Toll-Free Mon-Sat 9am-9pm Sun 10am-5pm Powered by PointShop Home Plant Nutrients Fertilizer, Organic : Plant Success Mycorrhizae, "Amazing!" Plant Success Mycorrhizae, "Amazing!" Brand Name: Plant Revolution Helping plants to help themselves , mycorrhizal fungi promote plant growth and reduce fertilizer dependence. "Amazing Growth Naturally" in years past would have been considered an oximoron. This apparent contradiction was due primarily to the fact that natural supplements had the stigma of not producing the type of fast growth that chemicals seemed to produce. Now however, with the introduction of Plant Success the Premier Mycorrhizal Product, the long held stereotypes regarding natural soil supplements are no longer valid. Plant Revolution products are unique because they promote increased flowering, growth and harvest yeilds, NATURALLY. Plant Revolution markets the "BRIDGE" to flourishing plant life, mycorrizal fungi. In addition Plant Revolution products contain critical vitamins and soil supplements to insure naturally prolific colonization of the plants that are inoculated. "No one is watering the forest or pumping fertilizers into the jungles; They survive and thrive naturally on their own!!"

31. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae enhances the environment for growing plants naturally. mycorrhizae makes nutrients more available to 99% of the worlds plants. http://www.growstuffplus.com/IBS/SimpleCat/Shelf/ASP/Hierarchy/000B.html

Home About Us Our Location Our Policies ... Live Plants (When Available) Questions? Call Toll-Free Mon-Sat 9am-9pm Sun 10am-5pm Powered by PointShop Home Plant Nutrients Mycorrhizae Mychorrhizae in five forms. One suitable to your application. Click to enlarge or for more info. Plant Success Super Endo Mycorrhizae 100K Brand Name: Plant Revolution Super Endo 100K Endo mycorrhizal Powder. Mychorrizae in a micronized form. 8 ounces List Price: Our Price: You Save Quantity: Click to enlarge or for more info. Plant Success Mycorrhizae Soluble Brand Name: Plant Revolution Mycorrhizae in a soluble form. List Price: Our Price: You Save Quantity: Click to enlarge or for more info. Plant Success Mycorrhizae Granular Brand Name: Plant Revolution Mycorrhizae in a granular form. Our best selling mycorrhizae!

32. FAQ - Fungi And Mycorrhizae FAQ Fungi and mycorrhizae. Fungi can be beneficial also to the growth of plants by forming mutualistic symbiotic associations with roots called mycorrhizae. http://res2.agr.gc.ca/london/faq/mycor_e.htm

Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre About our Centre Scientific Staff Staff FAQ's ... Tour of the Centre FAQ - Fungi and Mycorrhizae Contact: Dr. James Traquair traquairj@agr.gc.ca What are fungi and how do they differ from bacteria? What is the ecological role of fungi in soil and on plant surfaces? ... Other Related WEB Links Special Topics Microbiology of Composting Rhizosphere Microbiology Nutrient Cycling Non-target Effects of Pesticides Allelochemistry Crop Residue Management Key Words eukaryote, filamentous, yeast, chitinous walls, glucans, conidia, spores, sclerotia saprophyte, parasite, pathogen, biotroph, necrotroph, mildew, root rot, damping off, antibiosis, mutualism, symbiosis, Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pythium spp., Thielaviopsis elegans, nutrient cycling crop rotation, selection pressure, amendment, enrichment, anaerobic, tillage, pesticide residue, drainage,host specificity, propagule survival, dispersal Glomus spp.. Gigaspora spp., vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, growth promotion, mutualism, nutrient absorption, fertility, phosphorus azygospore, chlamydospore, disease suppression, drought tolerance,carrier, agarose beads, pelletization, peat-based potting medium, obligate symbiont, colonized root fragments rhizosphere, mycorrhizosphere, rhizosphere competence, competitive saprophytic ability, actinomycete, antibiotic, toxic fungal metabolites, Sporothrix spp., Tilletiopsis spp., hyperparasites, antagonists, competition, allelopathy, chelation

33. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - Benefits To Agriculture Management. Publications. Support to Research. Seminars. Commercialization. Arbuscular mycorrhizae. Y.Dalpé, DSc Fungal resources Study. Table http://res2.agr.gc.ca/ecorc/mycor/index_e.htm

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre About Us Research Highlights Genetic Enhancement and Food Safety Bioproducts, Bioprocesses and Bioinformatics ... Commercialization Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungal resources Study Table of contents : Description Organisms Morphology Functionning ... Products Date Modified: Important Notices

34. Circle One | Mycorrhizae Fungi Rebuilds Root Systems Circle One mycorrhizae Fungi rebuilds root systems damaged by harmful nematodes. Organic. mycorrhizae FUNGI mycorrhizae Fungi Soil Treatment Dry Form http://www.circle-one.com/mycorrhizae.html

MYCORRHIZAE FUNGI Mycorrhizae Fungi Soil Treatment Dry Form GENERAL INFORMATION: STORAGE AND DISPOSAL: Store out of sunlight in a cool, dry area inaccessible to children or pets. Rinse container and discard after use in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. APPLICATION: PROSPER MYCORRHIZAE is applied as a soil treatment at a rate of one pound per two acres (570 grams per hectare) mixed in sufficient water to give adequate coverage. As a seed treatment, PROSPER MYCORRHIZAE is diluted at four ounces per gallon of water (114 grams per 4 liters of water) and mixed with the seed until slightly damp at planting time. When applying on soil or turf, the product may be injected, tilled or watered in immediately after application. When applying on individual trees, use 1 pint of mix for each 5 feet of root circumference (500 cc for each 1.5 meters). AVAILABILITY: PROSPER liquid products are available in 1, 5 and 55 gallon containers as well as in bulk quantity. PROSPER dry products are available in 1, 5 and 25 pound containers as well as bulk quantity. PRICING: For the most up to date pricing information please contact your nearest Circle One representative. Circle One accepts Visa and Mastercard.

35. Mycorrhizae And Plant Phylogeny Frameset http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/mpp/

36. Ericaceous Mycorrhizae Arbutoid mycorrhizae. Arbutoid mycorrhizae have been most thoroughly described from the plant genera Arbutus, Arctostaphylos and Pyrola. Ericoid mycorrhizae. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/mpp/EricadMyco.html

Last Updated January 17, 2002 Note on titles Background Among vascular plants families, Ericaceae is unique for the number of distinct mycorrhizal types that have evolved within it. It is also an interesting case where the mycorrhizal types of different genera more accurately followed than did floral morphology or other traditional morphological features. Until the last decade, most plant systematists divided the ericad clade into a number of closely related families, such as Ericaceae, Empetraceae, Epacridaceae, Monotropaceae, Pyrolaceae, Rhodendraceae, Vacciniaceae, etc, usually in the order Ericales. The fact that these plants were closely related was not disputed, but the morphological differences among the different genera led to an understandable desire to separate them. For instance, Arbutus is a woody tree with fleshy fruits, Vacciniums (including the familiar cranberries, blueberries and huckleberries) are shrubs with berries, but Ericas have woody capsules, often with reduced leaves, Empetrums have reduced, often wind pollinated flowers

37. The Fifth Kingdom - Pictorial Supplement To Chapter 17 - Mycorrhizas Chapter 17. mycorrhizae mutualistic plant-fungus symbioses (35 pictures) (the CD-ROM has full text and 46 pictures). grateful acknowledgment http://www.mycolog.com/chapter17.htm

Pictorial Supplement to The Fifth Kingdom - Chapter 17 Mycorrhizae - mutualistic plant-fungus symbioses pictures) (the CD-ROM has full text and 46 pictures) [grateful acknowledgment to S. Berch, C. Godbout, M. Brundrett, who generously made some of these images available to me for teaching purposes] (1) Ectomycorrhizas dichotomously branched ectomycorrhizas of a basidiomycete with a conifer. X 4 ectomycorrhizas of Suillus subluteus with Pinus resinosa (the branched ends of the short lateral roots) X 2/3 dichotomous ectomycorrhizas (upper) and mycelial strands (lower) of Amanita muscaria on Pinus strobus. ectomycorrhizas of Laccaria bicolor with Populus tremuloides. X 3 transverse section of an ectomycorrhiza of Pseudotsuga menziesii with Rhizopogon colossus showing the fungal mantle (brown in this example). X 50 section of outer layers of an ectomycorrhizal root of Pinus strobus , showing some of the mantle and the Hartig net - the latter formed by hyphae of the mycobiont, Pisolithus tinctorius , penetrating between the cortical cells of the root.

38. Mycorrhizae A. Symbionts of Plants. 1. mycorrhizae. 1. mycorrhizae. Fungalroot associations are called mycorrhizae (ie, myco=fungus; rhiza=root). http://www.angelfire.com/wizard/kimbrough/Textbook/Mycorrhizae_blue.htm

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" IV. FUNGI AS SYMBIONTS AND COMMENSALS TOP A. Symbionts of Plants 1. Mycorrhizae 1. Mycorrhizae Ninety-eight percent of all plant species have symbiotic fungal partners associated with their root systems. Fungal-root associations are called mycorrhizae (i.e., myco=fungus rhiza=root There are two main groups of mycorrhizae, depending on the fungus-host cell association. In Endomycorrhizae, the fungus mycelium enters the cortical cells of roots in some manner without causing damage to the host cells. In Ectomycorrhizae the fungus does not enter the cell but invades the intracellular spaces (Fig. 14-34) . In mycorrhizal fungi, unlike pathogenic species, the fungus does not penetrate the central core of vascular tissue. Fig. 14-34. An illustration of the three basic types of mycorrhizae; A) ectomycorrhizae, B) ectendomycorrhizae, and C) endomycorrhiza e.

39. Mycorrhizae - Encyclopedia Article About Mycorrhizae. Free Access, No Registrati encyclopedia article about mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. Provides mycorrhizae. Word http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Mycorrhizae

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Mycorrhizae Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition A mycorrhiza (typically seen in the plural form mycorrhizae meaning "fungus roots") is a distinct type of root symbiosis in which individual hyphae A hypha (plural hyphae ) is a long, branching filament that collectively form the feeding structure of a fungus called the mycelium. Hyphae are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure. A typical hypha consists of tubular walls, usually made of chitin, which surround, support and protect the cells that compose the hypha. For most fungi, a cell within a hypha filament is separated from other cells by internal cross-walls called septa (singular septum). Click the link for more information. extending from the mycelium Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae that exists below the ground or within another substrate. It is through the mycelium that a fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment. Mycelium is also a vital component in many ecosystems in that it helps increase the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption of many plants and also is vital to the decomposition and breaking-up of plant material to form the organic part of soil and to release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Click the link for more information.

40. Mycorrhizae Tree Care mycorrhizae. What are mycorrhizae? Do I need to add mycorrhizae? In today s man-made environments plants can be greatly stressed. http://www.cagwin.com/services/tree care/services_tree care_mycorrhizae.html

Close Window Tree Care - Mycorrhizae What are Mycorrhizae? The word "Mycorrhizae" literally means "fungus-roots" and defines the beneficial relationship between soil fungi and plant roots. Click Here to see Mycorrhizal pine seedlings growing in a glass box. Miles of white fungal filaments radiate from the root system of these little trees. Benefits include: Improved nutrient and water uptake Improved root and plant growth Improved disease resistance Reduced stress from transplanting or drought Do I need to add Mycorrhizae? In today's man-made environments plants can be greatly stressed. Environments often suffer from man-made disturbances like asphalt, concrete, compaction, top soil loss, and the absence of quality organic matter. These conditions reduce the ability of the Mycorrhizal fungus to survive and thrive. The relationship between fungi and roots are important. Artificial landscapes impact the Mycorrhizae relationship. Many nursery and agricultural soils lack Mycorrhizae due to excessive and long-term uses of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Without the Mycorrhizal fungi, plants require more water and nutrients and are more susceptible to infestations of insects and diseases than they would in their natural environments. click here to e-mail our customer service.

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