81. Animal Breeding & Genetics - Projects: Mitochondria Institute of Animal Breeding and genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, FWFProject Transmission of mitochondrial DNA in mammalian clones. http://www.vu-wien.ac.at/i122/files/Mitochondria.htm

Project PROJECT TITLE Transmission of mitochondrial DNA in mammalian clones Cloning by nuclear transfer is, typically, performed by fusing a donor cell with an enucleated oocyte (recipient cytoplast). Different types of donor cells have been successfully used for nuclear transfer: embryonic, fetal or adult somatic cells. Assuming recognition and proper processing of foreign mitochondria by the cytoplasmic machinery of the oocyte, the cloned progeny should be heteroplasmic harboring mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from both the donor and recipient cytoplasms. The objective of this project is to analyse the composition and transmission of mtDNA in mammalian clones produced by nuclear transfer. Investigating the issue of mtDNA inheritance during cloning contributes to the understanding of mitochondrial biogenesis, the evaluation of cloning associated genetic mechanisms and is important for evaluating the safety and efficacy of cloning. The results of the analyses would also allow an evaluation of the potential usefulness of mammalian nuclear transfer for human mitochondrial disease research. In detail, within this project we will investigate , the influence of the donor cell type on the mtDNA transmission pattern, whether there is a relationship between the extend of heteroplasmy and the occurrence of developmental anomalities and the issue of species-specificity of mitochondrial heteroplasmy, i.e. whether the generation of heteroplasmic mtDNA clones is restricted to cattle or can under certain conditions also be generated in other species like sheep, pig, rabbit or mice.

82. Mitochondrial Disorders mtDNA General disease features Lactic acidosis; mitochondrial proliferation in muscle fibers are typically negative for cytochrome c oxidase activity. genetics http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/mitosyn.html

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS Biochemical Pathways Fatty acid oxidation Oxidative phosphorylation Mitochondria General features Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) General Features Mutations Nuclear encoded proteins General Features Mutations Mitochondrial disorders Biochemical classification ... Clinical syndromes Evaluation Clinical Signs Laboratory General mechanisms Mutation types ... Functional defects Pathology Histology Ultrastructure Mitochondria: General Origin of mitochondria Primordial eukaryotic cells lacked ability to use oxygen metabolically Colonized by aerobic bacteria Intracellular aerobic bacteria Added oxidative metabolism to cells Evolved into mitochondria Time: 10 years ago Structural features of mitochondria: 4 compartments Outer membrane Inner membrane: Composed predominantly of cardiolipin Matrix: Region inside inner membrane Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Only organelle other than nucleus with own DNA Different structure than nuclear DNA Functions of mitochondria Pyruvate oxidation: Disorders Krebs cycle Metaboloism: Amino acids;

83. Entrez PubMed down as a result of the mutations. MeSH Terms Amino Acid Sequence; Bayes Theorem; Conserved Sequence; DNA, mitochondrial/genetics*; http://genomebiology.com/pubmed/11423010

Entrez PubMed Nucleotide Protein ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes 3D Domains Domains Gene GEO GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site OMIM PMC PopSet SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard ... Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Gateway TOXNET Consumer Health ... PubMed Central Summary Brief Abstract Citation ASN.1 MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut Related Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Genome Links GEO Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIM Links PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniSTS Links Show: Sort Author Journal Pub Date Text File Clipboard E-mail Order Genome Biol. 2001;2(6):RESEARCH0021. Epub 2001 Jun 01. Related Articles, Links Survey of human mitochondrial diseases using new genomic/proteomic tools. Plasterer TN, Smith TF, Mohr SC.

84. Entrez PubMed development*; Cytochrome c Group/genetics; DNA Primers/genetics; DNA, Complementary/genetics; DNA, mitochondrial/genetics; Electron Transport http://genomebiology.com/pubmed/10085265

Entrez PubMed Nucleotide Protein ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes 3D Domains Domains Gene GEO GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site OMIM PMC PopSet SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard ... Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Gateway TOXNET Consumer Health ... PubMed Central Summary Brief Abstract Citation ASN.1 MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut Related Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Genome Links GEO Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIM Links PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniSTS Links Show: Sort Author Journal Pub Date Text File Clipboard E-mail Order J Exp Biol. 1999 Apr;202 ( Pt 8):929-38. Related Articles, Links Differential expression of mitochondrial genes between queens and workers during caste determination in the honeybee Apis mellifera. Corona M, Estrada E, Zurita M.

85. 2. Canid Genetics the coyote, by about 4% of mitochondrial DNA sequence.”. Robert K. Wayne, Ph.D. “Molecular evolution of the dog family” Theoretical and Applied genetics. http://www.fiu.edu/~milesk/Genetics.htm

Robert K. Wayne, Ph.D. Theoretical and Applied Genetics Click here for glossary of standard genetic terminology and here to go to Index at the top of the page. What is a Wolfdog? A wolfdog is a cross between a gray wolf and a dogwhat some refer to as a wolf hybrid. The term "hybrid", however, is used differently in the various scientific disciplines. For example, in horticulture, hybrids are formed by humans as crosses of different 'types' of plants; the term is used equally for crosses both among and within species. Conversely, in evolutionary biology, the term "hybrid" is used almost exclusively to describe offspring arising from a naturally-occurring cross between two separate and genetically distinct species. So one might recognize the potential for confusion arising from the use of the word "hybrid" when applied to a wolf/dog cross. It is more appropriate to refer to these animals as wolfdogs. In 1993, the Smithsonian Institution and the American Society of Mammalogists reclassified the dog from its separate species designation of Canis familiaris to Canis lupus familiaris . So, now, the Timber wolf (

86. Evolutionary Genetics: Clonal Inheritance Of Avian Mitochondrial DNA ERROR, There has been an error while processing your request. In most cases, this is an isolated incident that can be overcome by http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v413/n6851/abs/4

87. Entrez PubMed colonization and/or admixture between the two regions. MeSH Terms Africa; Asia; Australia; Comparative Study; DNA, mitochondrial/genetics*; http://www.facultyof1000.com/pubmed/12840039

Entrez PubMed Nucleotide Protein ... Books Search PubMed Protein Nucleotide Structure Genome Books CancerChromosomes 3D Domains Domains Gene GEO GEO DataSets HomoloGene Journals MeSH NCBI Web Site OMIM PMC PopSet SNP Taxonomy UniGene UniSTS for Limits Preview/Index History Clipboard ... Text Version Entrez PubMed Overview FAQ Tutorial New/Noteworthy ... E-Utilities PubMed Services Journals Database MeSH Database Single Citation Matcher Batch Citation Matcher ... Cubby Related Resources Order Documents NLM Gateway TOXNET Consumer Health ... PubMed Central Summary Brief Abstract Citation ASN.1 MEDLINE XML UI List LinkOut Related Articles Cited in Books CancerChrom Links Domain Links 3D Domain Links GEO DataSet Links Gene Links Genome Links GEO Links HomoloGene Links Nucleotide Links OMIM Links PMC Links Cited in PMC PopSet Links Protein Links SNP Links Structure Links UniSTS Links Show: Sort Author Journal Pub Date Text File Clipboard E-mail Order Genome Res. 2003 Jul;13(7):1600-6. Related Articles, Links Mitochondrial genome variation and evolutionary history of Australian and New Guinean aborigines. Ingman M, Gyllensten U.

88. Go-2000: Re: Mitochondrial Genes For GO? PST. Next message genetics Re a question about spindles ; Previous message Midori Harris Re mitochondrial genes for GO? ; Maybe http://www.geneontology.org/email-go/go-arc/go-2000/0024.html

Re: Mitochondrial genes for GO? From: Genetics ( ma11@gen.cam.ac.uk Date: Fri Jan 28 2000 - 12:47:25 PST Next message: Genetics: "Re: a question about spindles" Previous message: Midori Harris: "Re: Mitochondrial genes for GO?" Maybe in reply to: Allan P. Davis: "Mitochondrial genes for GO?" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... [ attachment ] FB is certainly annotating mitochondrial encoded genes. Michael Next message: Genetics: "Re: a question about spindles" Previous message: Midori Harris: "Re: Mitochondrial genes for GO?" Maybe in reply to: Allan P. Davis: "Mitochondrial genes for GO?" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... [ attachment ] This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.4 : Wed Jun 12 2002 - 20:21:21 PDT

89. MITOMAP A Human Mitochondrial Genome Database MITOMAP A human mitochondrial genome database The Center for Molecular Medicine at Emory University maintains this human mitochondrial genome database, which offers information on mitochondrial http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.mitomap.org/&y=02316A9D5B55CCC6&

90. Mitochondrial Eve - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia AC, 1987, mitochondrial DNA and human evolution, Nature 325; pp 3136; Bryan Sykes The Seven Daughters of Eve The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Page history ... Printable version Not logged in Log in Help Other languages: Mitochondrial Eve From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A comparison of the mitochondrial DNA of humans from many races and regions suggests that all of these DNA sequences have evolved molecularly from a common ancestor sequence. Under the assumption that an individual inherits mitochondria only from his or her mother, this finding implies that all living humans descend from one woman - possibly one pre-human woman - who researchers have dubbed Mitochondrial Eve . Based on the molecular clock technique, Eve is believed to have lived about 150,000 years ago. Family trees suggest she lived in Africa Although researchers named her after the Biblical Eve , mitochondrial Eve was not the sole living female of her day. Researchers believe as many as 20,000 individuals of Eve's species may have lived at the same time as her. But of the females of her day, only Eve produced an unbroken line of daughters that persists today. As a result, only Eve's mitochondria have descendants in the cells of living humans, and only from Eve do all living people descend along their maternal lines.

91. Mitochondrial Conditions National organizations information on genetic conditions or birth defects; mitochondrial Myopathies, Facts About mitochondrial Myopathies, Muscular Dystrophy http://www.kumc.edu/gec/support/mitochon.html

Mitochondrial Conditions Alpers Disease (Progressive Infantile Poliodystrophy); Barth syndrome (Cardiomyopathy-Neutropenia Syndrome) / Lethal Infantile Cardiomyopathy (LIC); Beta-oxidation Defects; Carnitine Deficiency and Disorders; Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Syndrome (CPEO); Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS); Lactic Acidosis; Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON); Leigh Disease (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy); Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (LCAD) Deficiency; Luft Disease; Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (MCAD) Deficiency; Mitochondrial Cytopathy; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Strokelike Episodes (MELAS); Mitochondrial Encephalopathy; Mitochondrial Myopathy; Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (MAD) Deficiency / Glutaric Aciduria Type II; Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fiber Disease (MERRF); Myoneurogastointestinal Disorder and Encephalopathy (MNGIE); Neuropathy Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP); Pearson Syndrome; Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PHD); Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (SCAD) Deficiency Respiratory Chain Disorders: Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase (NADH-CoQ reductase) deficiency, Complex II: Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, Complex III: Ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase deficiency, Complex IV: Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency, Complex V: ATP synthase deficiency

92. Mitochondrial Myopathy (MITO) | MDA mitochondrial Diseases 12/00; Stem Cells Switch May Be Key to Stem Cell Therapy in MD 10/00; Europeans Cautious, Positive on Gene Therapy 8/00; Human Genetic http://www.mdausa.org/disease/mito.html

Mitochondrial Myopathy (MITO) Click for and MDAchats Receive e-mail news, tips and updates from MDA or ask us a quick question. Quick Definition: Early infancy to adulthood. Generalized muscle weakness, flaccid neck muscles and inability to walk. Brain is often involved, with seizures, deafness, loss of balance and vision, and retardation common. Wide variety of progression and severity. Maternal mitochondrial gene (mtDNA). Find Your Local MDA Do you need to find MDA in your city? Enter your Zip code here for where to turn for clinics and medical services; support groups; summer camp; local events and volunteer and fund-raising opportunities close to home. For more articles and references, please use the search feature Basic References Special MITO Materials FAQ's and Simply Stated Articles ... News Releases Basic References Facts About Mitochondrial Myopathies "Ask the Experts" Responses about Mitochondrial Myopathy "Ask the Experts" Responses to General Neuromuscular Questions Genetics and Neuromuscular Diseases ... General Interest Publications Special MITO Materials Running on Empty: 'Keeping Up' With Metabolic Myopathies Mitochondrial Disease in Perspective: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Hope for The Future

93. MoSt GeNe/Genetic Drift/Nontraditional Inheritance/Mitochondrial Inheritance Molecular genetic tracking of polymorphic or variable regions through families and millenia of human evolution confirm maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA http://www.mostgene.org/gd/gdvol10b.htm

Previous Section This Issue- Table of Contents Next Section Nontraditional Inheritance Vol. 10: Winter, 1994 Mitochondrial Inheritance Traditional inheritance views the nucleus as the central repository of genetic information and meiosis as the principal determinant of the segregation of traits in families. However, the existence of another genome, the mitochondrial genome, in all cells introduces another twist of biology leading to nontraditional inheritance. Mitochondria are organelles that provide much of the energy cells use for the work they do. Most biologists now believe that these structures evolved from microorganisms that established symbiotic relationships with the ancestors of animal cells very early in the history of life on this planet. Selection for metabolic advantages gained through symbiosis explains how it has come to be that mitochondria contain their own DNA that codes for 13 of their proteins along with ribosomal and transfer RNA that specifically help express mitochondrial series. As with any form of DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are susceptible to mutation In fact, there is evidence that mitochondrial sequences may mutate at rates 3 to 5 times greater than nuclear sequences. The consequences of mitochondrial mutations, however, may be very different from those that occur in nuclear DNA. First, each cell contains about 100,000 mitochondria, each of which has 2 to 10 copies of its genome. The effect a mutation in mtDNA will have on a cell's function will therefore depend on the number of mutant organelles in a cell compared to the number of normal, or "wild type", present. In this respect, each cell is analogous to an organism in which somatic mutation can produce mosaicism (see above). Here the mixture of genotypes is termed heteroplasmy.

94. FOCUS - July 11, 2003 - GENETICS: Gene Players May Tip Balance To Diabetes convergence of a lot of different lines of investigation focusing on mitochondria, said David Altshuler, HMS assistant professor of genetics and of medicine http://focus.hms.harvard.edu/2003/July11_2003/genetics.html

Genetics: Gene Players May Tip Balance to Diabetes Collaboration: Harvard, MIT Announce Institute to Advance Genomic Medicine Imaging: Technique Tracks Tumor Escape into Lymph Nodes Drug Technology: Molecules from Novel Genetic Code Aimed at Drug Discovery Outreach: Four Directions Fetes 10th Anniversary Resistance to Food Poisoning Seems Factor in Worm Longevity Immune Cells Deal Death Blow to Damaged Neurons Molecular Timekeeper Keeps Up Speed Through Precision Proceedings of the HMS Faculty Council Spiegelman Wins Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Metabolic Research HMS and Harvard Pilgrim Launch Center for Child Health Care Zelen Leadership Award Presented HMS Faculty Member Named Kirsch Investigator HMS Appointments to Full Professorships In Memoriam: Francis Wolfort Howard Blume Honors and Advances Resident Ridicules Nurse's Body Size Group Gives Enabling Support Front Page GENETICS Gene Players May Tip Balance to Diabetes Slowdown of Mitochondria Could Start Slide Toward Type 2 Disease As the Star Wars saga goes, a blood sample from 10-year-old Anakin Skywalker (the young Darth Vader) tested for a Jedi record of 20,000 mitochondria per cell, even higher than the count for Yoda. Mitochondria (stage-named "midi-chlorians") were essential for human existence, symbolized the interdependence of living beings, and channeled the Force for good or bad.

95. MITOMAP Has Moved! MITOMAP Has Moved! MITOMAP is no longer operated at this URL. It has been relocated to http//www.mitomap.org. Please update your bookmarks. http://www.gen.emory.edu/mitomap.html

MITOMAP Has Moved! MITOMAP is no longer operated at this URL. It has been relocated to: http://www.mitomap.org Please update your bookmarks. You will be redirected to the new URL automatically in 5 seconds. If you are not redirected, please click the link above.

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