21. HFML, Levitation Plenty of materials can be levitated in a strong magnetic field from simple metals, liquids, and various polymers to everyday things such as various plants and living creatures (frogs, fish and a mouse). http://www.hfml.kun.nl/froglev.html

The Frog That Learned to Fly (Molecular Magnetism and Levitation) Seeing is believing: Bitter solenoid in a magnetic field of about 16 Tesla at the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory. Why Frogs ? To the MOVIES of levitating objects. Whether an object will or will not levitate in a magnetic field B is defined by the balance between the magnetic force F = M B and gravity mg = V g where is the material density, V is the volume and g = 9.8m/s . The magnetic moment M = ( )VB so that F = ( )BV B = ( )V B . Therefore, the vertical field gradient B required for levitation has to be larger than g/ . Molecular susceptibilities are typically for diamagnetics and for paramagnetic materials and, since is most often a few g/cm , their magnetic levitation requires field gradients and 10 T /m, respectively. Taking l = 10cm as a typical size of high-field magnets and B ~ B /l as an estimate, we find that fields of the order of 1 and 10T are sufficient to cause levitation of para- and diamagnetics. This result should not come as a surprise because, as we know, magnetic fields of less than 0.1T can levitate a superconductor ( = -1) and, from the formulas above, the magnetic force increases as

22. Innovatoys Offering magnetic levitation products, water fountains, and toys. http://www.innovatoys.com/

Products Gossamer Falls Gift Items Levitron Fascinating Toys ... Unique Gifts Persistence of vision clock and other executive wonders Water Falls Stretches water miraculously across space! Levitation using only the forces of permanent magnets Sand Art Create Dynamic Sand Sculptures Innovative Toys Amazing and Unique InnovaToys

23. RUMBA Tube Underground Magnetic Levitation Railway A proposal for a passenger magnetic levitation based railway. Includes analysis of design requirements, network components, and implementation. http://home.t-online.de/home/cbruch/Rumba_e.html

RUMBA R öhren- U ntergrund- M agnetschwebe- Ba hn) (Tube Underground Magnetic Levitation Railway) A Universal Transport System of the Future (deutsche Version) Design Study Contents: The vision The problem The three most important demands The solution ... And now ... The vision: I am on the balcony of my hotel downtown Munich. Yesterday I arrived here and had a calm night. The window was wide open the whole night, fresh spicy air was always to be felt. How beautiful this city is. The silence is overwhelming. Before the hotel is a large park, where in former times there was a road. Birds twitter in the air, one hears children somewhere, who play unimpaired. In the distance I hear sheep. Was the porter right, when he said to me that one of the three city shepherds would come by this morning with his herd? Now they come around the corner. A picture of joy. I quickly get my video camera to capture this scene. This evening, I will show the pictures to my daughter. I have only a little time, until I have to be at a conference at the head office. To cross the city will take me only about eight minutes. How could humans let themselves be so stressed over so many decades by car traffic? How long it took to end this stress. Now that the new transportation network is almost continuous, one hardly can imagine, how difficult it was in former times to get to work by car, the tram or with the railway.

24. The Pennsylvania Project - High Speed Maglev Site regarding the proposed magnetic levitation train between Greensburg, Monroeville, Pittsburgh, and the Pittsburgh International Airport. http://www.maglevpa.com/

What's New Public Meeting Boards and Handouts Available View Aerial Mapping of Alignments Maglev images courtesy of Transrapid International

25. MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION SUSPENSION DEVICE magnetic levitation DEVICE. Schematic. Parts That s how superconductive levitation works a substance with zerofield is a natural repeller of magnet poles. http://www.amasci.com/maglev/magschem.html

Up to SCIENCE HOBBYIST Up to MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE Parts: Hall-effect field sensor Here's the schematic of the device depicted in the photo. Each of the ten coil-assemblies has its own copy of the above circuit. The SS41 is a Microswitch Hall Effect magnetic field sensor IC that I found in All Electronics currently has one for $.50, HESW-5, but it is a surface-mount package with tiny, hard-to-solder leads. The professional supplier for hall-effect devices is Allegro Micro . They probably have a minimum $$ for mail order though. Here are some common Hall effect magnetic field sensors. Also, page down to here. Coil Power Supply The power supply is "bipolar", meaning that you need TWO supplies, one pos and one neg. The coils I used needed 24 volts DC each, so my supply was +-24 (or 48 v with a center common). I could run it for short periods using eight 9v batteries ( +- 36 v). If you use 12 volt coils, you'll be able to use a more common 12V dc supply. Note for experimenters: if you always use the SAME polarity of magnet, you could get rid of one power supply, and the entire circuit becomes simple: just drive the coil with a Darlington transistor switched by the Hall chip and a pullup resistor. The magleve cradle could be built this way if the bar magnet was always inserted in the same direction (but then you could never use this as a maglev train system.) Transistors, diodes

26. Shanghai Signs Contract For German Levitation Train CNN http://cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/germany/01/23/magnetic.train.ap/index.html

27. Inductrak Post believes Inductrack offers NASA the potential for a far less expensive technology for magnetic levitation launchers than approaches using superconducting http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html

FOR the past two decades, prototype magnetically levitated (maglev) trains cruising at up to 400 kilometers per hour have pointed the way to the future in rail transport. Their compelling advantages include high speeds, little friction except aerodynamic drag, low energy consumption, and negligible air and noise pollution. However, maglev trains also pose significant drawbacks in maintenance costs, mechanical and electronic complexity, and operational stability. Some maglev train cars, for example, employ superconducting coils to generate their magnetic field. These coils require expensive, cryogenic cooling systems. These maglev systems also require complicated feedback circuits to prevent disastrous instabilities in their high-speed operation. Lawrence Livermore scientists have recently developed a new approach to magnetically levitating high-speed trains that is fundamentally much simpler in design and operation (requiring no superconducting coils or stability control circuits), potentially much less expensive, and more widely adaptable than other maglev systems. The new technology, called Inductrack, employs special arrays of permanent magnets that induce strong repulsive currents in a "track" made up of coils, pushing up on the cars and levitating them. Totally Passive Technology During the past two years, a Livermore team, headed by physicist Richard Post, has successfully demonstrated the Inductrack concept in test trials. The test runs demonstrated the system's totally passive nature, meaning that achieving levitation requires no control currents to maintain stability, and no externally supplied currents flowing in the tracks. Instead, only the motion of train cars above the track is needed to achieve stable levitation. The results have been so promising that NASA has awarded a three-year contract to the team to explore the concept as a way to more efficiently launch satellites into orbit.

28. DOE Document - Magnetic Levitation Servo For Flexible Assembly This article develops an application of magnetic levitation for actuation and force sensing and calls such a system magnetic levitation servo to distinguish from conventional suspensiononly http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.bib

29. Schematic For The Antigravity Relay magnetic levitation Schematic. http://www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/schematic.htm

Magnetic Levitation Schematic prevLink(ii); Home Up Site Map nextLink(ii); Note: Click on a component to visit its circuit description. Last update May 4, 2002 by Barry hits

30. Web Quest Exploring Magnetic Levitation Technology Teacher's resources on teaching maglev, including tasks and evaluations for students http://www.ic.sunysb.edu/Stu/ppoggio/maglev/

31. Magnetic Levitation Is magnetic levitation Possible? Other diamagnetic materials are common place and can also be levitated in a magnetic field if it is strong enough. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/Levitation/levitation.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated September 1997 by PEG. Original by Philip Gibbs and Andre Geim, March 1997. Is Magnetic Levitation Possible? A theorem due to Earnshaw proves that it is not possible to achieve static levitation using any combination of fixed magnets and electric charges. Static levitation means stable suspension of an object against gravity. There are, however, a few ways to levitate by getting round the assumptions of the theorem. In case you are wondering, none of these can be used to generate anti-gravity or to fly a craft without wings or jets. Earnshaw's Theorem The proof of Earnshaw's theorem is very simple if you understand some basic vector calculus. The static force as a function of position F x acting on any body in vacuum due to gravitation, electrostatic and magnetostatic fields will always be divergenceless. div F . At a point of equilibrium the force is zero. If the equilibrium is stable the force must point in towards the point of equilibrium on some small sphere around the point. However, by Gauss' theorem, F x ).d

32. Boeing: MagLev Homepage of the magnetic levitation upgrade to the Holloman High Speed Test Track at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico....... http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/maglev/

MagLev More Information MagLev Home Current Activity Division of Work Features Facts Boeing is part of the General Atomics/Bechtel/Foster-Miller team designing and building a magnetic levitation upgrade to the Holloman High Speed Test Track at Holloman Air Force Base , New Mexico. The upgrade is a multiphased effort to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force and the nation. The MagLev system will not only provide important test capability for our national defense, but will also establish many of the design parameters needed to understand this technology's potential for launch assist. That's why Boeing is working to leverage this MagLev technology for the benefit of NASA programs such as the Highly Reusable Space Transportation Phase II study The research reported in this paper was sponsored by the 46th Test Group (AFMC), Holloman AFB, NM, under a Boeing North American, Inc. subcontract through contract F08635-94-C-0016 with General Atomics. Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations contained in this article are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the US Air Force. MagLev Home Current Activities Division of Work Features ... Privacy

33. Diamagnetic Levitation The July 22 Nature paper, magnetic levitation at your fingertips, describes two configurations where diamagnetic materials are used to stabilize the levitation http://www.physics.ucla.edu/marty/diamag/

Diamagnetic Levitation Many common materials such as water, wood, plants, animals, diamonds, fingers, etc. are usually considered to be non-magnetic but in fact, they are very weakly diamagnetic. Diamagnets repel, and are repelled by a strong magnetic field. The electrons in a diamagnetic material rearrange their orbits slightly creating small persistent currents which oppose the external magnetic field. Two of the strongest diamagnetic materials are graphite and bismuth. The forces created by diamagnetism are extremely weak, millions of times smaller than the forces between magnets and such common ferromagnetic materials as iron. However, in certain carefully arranged situations, the influence of diamagnetic materials can produce startling effects such as levitation. It was proved in 1842 that it is impossible to stably levitate any static array of magnets by any arrangement of fixed magnets and gravity. However, the addition of diamagnetic materials makes such levitation possible. The July 22 Nature paper, Magnetic Levitation at your fingertips , describes two configurations where diamagnetic materials are used to stabilize the levitation of a magnet in the field of a fixed lifting magnet.

34. Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interfaces MSL MSL Projects - magnetic levitation Haptic Interfaces. magnetic levitation Haptic Interfaces. Using the magnetic levitation Haptic Interaction System, http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~msl/haptic/haptic_desc.html

MSL Projects - Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interfaces Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interfaces Peter J. Berkelman and Ralph L. Hollis Using the Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interaction System Introduction: We have developed a haptic interface device based on Lorentz force magnetic levitation. The user grasps a levitated tool handle to interact with computed environments. The dynamics of the handle are controlled so that the user feels the motion, shape, resistance, and surface texture of simulated objects. The magnetic levitation approach for haptic interface devices is distinctively different from actuated linkage or cable devices. Advantages of magnetic levitation for haptic interaction are: 6-DOF motion with one moving part Noncontact actuation and sensing High control bandwidths Position resolution and sensitivity Topics: New Magnetic Levitation Haptic Device Interactive Simulations Our previous work in maglev haptics References Last modified on Thursday, August 8, 2002

35. Magnetic Levitation Damping of Levitated Magnet Motion. A small rareearth magnet is suspended above a yttrium based superconductor when the magnetic http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/maglev5.html

Damping of Levitated Magnet Motion A small rare-earth magnet is suspended above a yttrium based superconductor when the Magnetic field is actively excluded from the superconductor ( Meissner effect ).The tiny magnet can be caused to spin by tapping it with a small instrument such as the tip of tweezers. Even though the magnet is continuously suspended, this rotational motion is damped. The rotation will slow down and it will go into a rocking mode and finally come to rest. The magnet is suspended over the superconductor by immersing the superconducting disc in liquid nitrogen (77K). The induced currents in the superconductor mirror the poles of the magnet and adjust so quickly that the magnet can be translated or rotated and remain suspended. Experimenters: Darren Vick and Steven Gabriel The damping of the oscillatory motion of the levitated magnet was investigated by taking digital video of the motion and converting it to a Quicktime movie. Measurements from the Quicktime movie were made at 1/30 sec intervals using VideoPoint. The data was transferred to an Excel spreadsheet to make the plots. For a first approximation, the motion could be modeled as a damped sine wave Analysis of the damping in the illustration above gives a damping coefficient of 0.247. This number was obtained by doing a least-squares fit of the peaks of the damped oscillation. Closer examination reveals that the period of the damped motion is changing, as illustrated below.

36. Magnetic Levitation Trains Foster Business Library magnetic levitation Trains A search found no matches containing magnetic levitation on the PSRC website. http://faculty.washington.edu/stevens/mag.html

Foster Business Library Magnetic Levitation Trains Assignment: Magnetic levitation trains: implementation of a magnetic levitation train between Seattle and Portland. Resources: Web Resources Reference Books General Books Annual Reports ... Help Web Resources: These online resources are available wherever you have web access; they do not require that you access them via the UW Connectivity Kit or the UW Libraries Proxy Server for authentication. When using web resources, be sure to evaluate the credibility of these resources. For a subject index to web resources, see Business Resources on the Web on the Foster Business Library homepage Governmental sources: Puget Sound Regional Council: The Puget Sound Regional Council is a regional data center that provides a wide variety of economic, demographic, geographic, and transportation data to its member cities, counties, businesses, and other interested parties. Data is available on a wide variety of demographic information, in spreadsheet formats, on race, income, housing, building permits, employment, transportation, etc. plus links to labor force, per capita income, population and regional CPI information. The Council site offers a search engine See their reports such as Growth in Traffic and Vehicle Miles Traveled (in PDF format) and Regional Travel Behavior . A search found no matches containing magnetic levitation on the PSRC website. A search for

37. MAGNETIC LEVITATION RESEARCH Colorado Department of Transportation magnetic levitation Research. PUBLIC INFORMATION PACKAGE. (5/14/02). FTA s Urban magnetic levitation Transit Program. http://faculty.washington.edu/jbs/itrans/coloradodotmaglev.htm

Colorado Department of Transportation - Magnetic Levitation Research PUBLIC INFORMATION PACKAGE The Colorado Department of Transportation has entered into a "Memorandum of Understanding" to conduct research and development under the federal Urban Magnetic Levitation program. The other parties to this agreement are: Colorado Intermountain Fixed Guideway Authority (CIFGA) Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) MagLev Transit Group (MTG) In 1999, CIFGA and SNL were identified by the US Congress to each receive $1.75M to study and develop magnetic levitation technology for use in urban transit. MTG was selected, based on competitive proposals, by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to receive $742,000 to conduct magnetic levitation research. CDOT is receiving these $4,242,000 in grant funds through a cooperative agreement with the FTA and is contracting with the three participants to conduct the research and development. The state funds being used for appropriately related analysis in the ongoing I-70 west Programmatic Environmental Impact Study (I-70 PEIS) provide the required match. The I-70 PEIS study is expected to be result in a Record of Decision in 2004. CDOT is working in partnership with the other groups involved to provide accurate and complete information regarding possible advanced technology alternatives for the I-70 West Corridor. Information about this system, along with information on other fixed guideway systems, and highway, rubber-tire transit (bus), and other transportation alternatives, will be used to determine a preferred alternative for a long-term plan for the corridor.

38. 75 Levitation Links HELP! magnetic levitation cradle Based upon an electrically produced Meisnerlike effect levitates a bar magnet from below. I ma http://www.mysteries-megasite.com/main/bigsearch/levitation.html

Levitation Links Go to Frames! Break Out of Frames Read Some Testimonials From the Herbal Healer Academy! http://www.herbalhealer.com The Herbal Healer Academy is endorsed by Mysteries-Megasite.com as a leader in Health Care products, Herbs and natural remedies. Also they have an extremely comprehensive selection of herbs in their catalog. We have TESTED some of these products and find them to be first rate, gentle and very effective. Check out their newsletter, and products catalog. Seva Chakra Award - 20 Years Experience Credentials American Naturopathic Medical Board Certified and Accredited Hit CTRL+D to Bookmark this page! Search Mystery Links Home Page-Site Guide Complete A-Z Subject Guide 1000 Freeware Links ... http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/l/levitation.html Back to Home Page or Contents Page or Past and present beliefs or Index Levitation Levitation is a phenomenon of psychokinesis (PK) in which objects, people, and animals are lifted into the air without any visibly physical means and float or fly about. The phenomenon has been said to have occurred... http://www.amasci.com/maglev/maglev.html

39. ART TEC Magnetic Levitation Kit - Applications ART • TEC Guy Marsden. magnetic levitation KIT GALLERY OF APPLICATIONS. Send images of your application to guy@arttec.net to be posted here. http://www.arttec.net/Levitation/Gallery/Levitation_Applications.htm

ENGINEERING PROTOTYPES ENGINEERING ARTWORKS ... LEVITATION K IT CONTACT ABOUT ME LINKS SITE MAP ... HOME Guy Marsden MAGNETIC LEVITATION KIT GALLERY OF APPLICATIONS Send images of your application to guy@arttec.net to be posted here. Include a brief description. March 15, 2004 Adam Kumpf is another MIT student who was assigned the project based on my kit. You can see more images and a detailed project report of his design on his web site: http://web.mit.edu/kumpf/www/kumpf-projects.html March 9, 2004 Barney Arntz in New Jersey submitted this design. He made some changes like putting the sensor below a second magnet on the bottom of the levitated object and he designed a circuit that damps vertical oscillations. You can download his detailed project that includes images and schematic: Levitator.doc (MS Word 160K) or Levitator.pdf (Acrobat 217K) Barney is an experienced electronic engineering consultant specializing in RF applications, here's his web site: Arntz Design January 7, 2004

40. Popular Science | Ignorance = Maglev = Bliss For 150 years scientists believed that stable magnetic levitation was impossible. Then Roy Harrigan came along. http://www.popsci.com/popsci/science/article/0,12543,577754,00.html

Harrigan's trial-and-error maglev wonder showed that stable maglev is indeed possible. Photograph by Jeff Sciortino; styling by Kelly McKaig A diamagnetic superconducting ceramic disc is another exception to Earnshaw's theorem. Photograph by Jeff Sciortino; styling by Kelly McKaig For 150 years scientists believed that stable magnetic levitation was impossible. Then Roy Harrigan came along. by Theodore Gray February 2004 If you've ever tried to float one magnet over another (and who hasn't?), you know that the stupid thing just keeps flipping over an irritation formalized in 1842 when the Rev. Samuel Earnshaw published his famous theorem establishing mathematically that such magnetic levitation just can't be done. From that point on, any experimenter caught playing with magnets courted the derision of his colleagues: "Ha, ha, look at Fred over there trying to balance magnets! I guess he never heard of Earnshaw's theorem!" Physicists can be so cruel on the playground. Well, not so fast. It turns out that Earnshaw's theorem is absolutely correct, but it has a couple of loopholes large enough to drive all sorts of stable magnetic levitation devices through, including one you can now buy in any novelty shop for about $30: the Levitron. (For more info go to levitron.com

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