41. Caving Definitions - A Glossary Of Terms - Max Meth FORMATION, , Synonymous with karst geomorphology. Curiously, Jennings didnot define either MORPHOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY, or karst geomorphology. http://home.mira.net/~gnb/caving/papers/mm-cd.html

This is a reproduction of an article which appeared in Australian Caver , No. 143, February 1998, pp7-8. Australian Caver is the quarterly journal of the Australian Speleological Federation Inc. Glenn Baddeley Home Links to Glossary Caving Definitions - A Glossary of Terms by Max Meth It is essential that cavers keep up to date with terms in common usage, so I offer a few more. Some of my terms are based on a list by Ed Bailey in CEGSA NEWS of May 1972 p5. COLLOQUIAL TERMS ANCHOR A heavy rock, tied to the end of a rope, which is then dropped down a pitch to ascertain the depth. BAT The sound heard when a flying mammal flies overhead and excretes on one's head. BEDROCK At the cavers dinner, the last dance of the evening before everyone leaves to go home. CAVE SURVEYOR A person who takes the time to accurately measure a cave passage, but has no idea of the passage of time. CRAWL CRAWL What cavers do when they don't have access to a cave that they wish to visit. FLOWSTONE Cavers affectionate name for Florence Stone, who in 1611 invented Stones, 'Green Ginger Wine'. FOSSIL CHAMBER A place where elderly cavers can play cards and watch TV.

42. REFERENCES karst geomorphology and Hydrology. London Unwin Hyman Ltd., 601. Geomorphologyand Hydrology of Karst Terrains. Oxford Oxford University Press, 464. http://www.dyetracing.com/karst/ka01023.html

The Karst Pages REFERENCES Addinton, A. R. (1927). Porters Cave and Recent Drainage Adjustments in its Vicinity. Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Science, 36. 107-116. Atkinson, T.C. and P.L. Smart (1981). Artificial Tracers in Hydrology. A Survey of British Hydrology, 173-190. Bates, R.L. and J. Jackson (1987). Glossary of Geology. Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute, 788. Beede, J.W. (1911). The Cycle of Subterranean Drainage as Illustrated in the Bloomington, Indiana, Quadrangle. Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Science, 81-103. Bretz, J.H. (1942). Vadose and Phreatic Features of Limestone Caves. Journal of Geology, 50, 679-811. Cleland, H.F. (1925). Geology, Physical and Historical. Crawford, N.C. (1978). Subterranean Stream Invasion, Conduit Cavern Development and Slope Retreat: A Surface-Subsurface Erosion Model for Areas of Carbonate Rock Overlain by Less Soluble and Less Permeable Caprock: Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Clark University, 451. Crawford, N.C. (1979). Grider Pond-Cave Mill Road Interceptor Project Phase II: Dye Tracing of Septic Tanks Believed to be Contributing to the Impairment on Water Quality of the Lost River in Bowling Green, KY. G. Reynolds Watkins Consulting Engineers, 19. Crawford, N.C. (1981). Karst Flooding in Urban Areas, Bowling Green, Kentucky: Proceeding of the Eighth International congress of Speleology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 763-765.

43. Science Books Mt in the east and the Jiaqiaoling Mt in the west, /the emphasis of the book isput on Guilintype peak-forest and peak-cluster karst geomorphology and caves http://www.hceis.com/product/index/hydrogeology/guilin karst.htm

Quick Search Agriculture Archaeology Architecture Bamboo ... Physics (Mechanics..) Protozoology Quaternary Remote Sensing Science General ... Zoology General Guilin Karst ¹ðÁÖÑÒÈÜ In English By Zhu Xuewen Published in 1988 Page: 187 pages Size: 185x260mm, hardback Price: US$58+$9 by sea mail Contents 1. Peak-Forest Karst Geomorphology (1) Peak-forest plain (Fenglin Plain) (2) Peak-cluster depression (Fengcong depression) (3) Brief Summary 2. Karst Caves (1) Cave morphology (2) Major caves in Guilin area (3) Postscript Click here to order by e ma il How to Order ... Link to Us Huayu Center for Environmental Information Services Co. Ltd. EMAIL: hceis@263.net.cn P.O.Box 4088, Jianneidajie Youju, Beijing 100001, P.R.China Tel: Fax:

44. Caving Ireland Shop: Journal Content OF A SYMPOSIUM ON CAVE AND KARST CONSERVATION AND ACCESS Editorial Earth ScienceConservation Review the karst geomorphology of Northern Ireland Text of an http://www.cavingireland.org/Shop/journal_content.htm

Irish Speleology..No. 17 Date Published: November 2000 PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON CAVE AND KARST CONSERVATION AND ACCESS Editorial Earth Science Conservation Review - the karst geomorphology of Northern Ireland Text of an illustrated talk: ESCR Karst Geomorphology: The Findings Karst Theme of The Irish Geological Heritage Programme SWOT Analysis of the Karst Conservation programmes in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland A Potted History of Cave Access in Ireland Cave Access and Conservation at Marble Arch Caves and Elsewhere in Fermanagh The Management of Access to the Countryside in Northern Ireland: Present and Future EXPLORATION REPORTS New Discoveries in the Maze Area of Pollnagollum - Pollelva System The History of Exploration in Poulnagree Pollnapaste, Lettermacaward, Co. Donegal Pollawaddy Cave, Liscahul, Ballaghaderreen, Co. Roscommon RESEARCH PAPERS Caves in Metemorphic Limestones of the Irish Dalradian Supergroup The Origin and occupation history of Poll na mBear, Glenade, Co. Leitrim

45. CAVE RESEARCH UNIT Detailed research projects often follow the basic survey. Research topics includekarst geomorphology, paleoclimate, environment, biology and archeology. http://geography.huji.ac.il/~geo/CRC.html

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem CAVE RESEARCH UNIT at THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY Director: Dr. Amos Frumkin The Cave Research Unit (CRU) objective is to study the caves and karst of Israel. It also serves as the national speleological organization of Israel, connecting cavers and scholars. 'Niqrot Zurim' - Journal of Israel cave research GENERAL INFO. address: The Geography Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel 91905 Tel: (972) 2-5883355; (972) 2-9975541 Affiliation and sub-units Selected papers RESEARCH CRU database Cave survey Research EDUCATION Education CRU affiliation and sub-units The CRU is a part of the Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The CRU offices are located it the Department of Geography, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem; and at Ofra, a village half an hour drive north of Jerusalem. Both offices are operated by the same staff. The office in Ofra serves as a front base for expedition work, containing most field equipment and the library. The CRU office in Jerusalem deals with research and university teaching. CRU database We collect any cave and karst data and file it within our database. Two systems of data organization are used. The 'old' filing system is based on regional files, each covering 20x20 km. The basic data is gradually transferred into the 'new' system, based on GIS (Geographical Information System). The new system allows elaborate spatial data analysis. It is being used for geomorphic, environmental, and hydrological studies.

46. CAVE SEDIMENTS AS INDICATORS OF GEOMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT, MATIENZO FORD, DC WILLIAMS, P. (1989) karst geomorphology And Hydrology. Unwin HymanLtd. JENNINGS, JJ (1985) karst geomorphology. Basil Blackwell Ltd. http://www.geography.lancs.ac.uk/Matienzo/science/suscept.htm

CAVE SEDIMENTS AS INDICATORS OF GEOMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT, MATIENZO, NORTHERN SPAIN. ABSTRACT: Abundant quantities of allogenic clastic sediments are often preserved within cave systems. Geomorphic and palaeoenvironmental data can be obtained from these deposits in a similar manner to those recorded from other sediment sinks. Sediment cores have been collected from several caves in the Matienzo region of northern Spain. Magnetic susceptibility profiles have been obtained for these samples in order to begin a reconstruction of the karstic evolution of the area. Four groups of caves are distinguished by their variation in susceptibility values. Provisional findings and discussions are presented along with planned future investigations. INTRODUCTION: The Matienzo karst is located in the northern Spanish province of Cantabria, ( FIGURE 1 ). The region presents several examples of well developed karstic features including the 26km2 karst depression ( PLATE 1 ), after which the area is named and the numerous extensive cave systems that are found beneath the surrounding hillslopes. The depression appears to have evolved under assiduous karstic processes over an estimated minimum of 1.8 million years (Waltham, 1981.). Over one thousand cave entrances have been located and mapped in the area the longest of which, La Sistema de los Cuatro Valles, being over 41km long. The principal caves are shown in ( FIGURE 2 ). Many of the caves are phreatic in origin, (

47. Mainpage karst geomorphology is the study of the landforms associated with karstterrains and the processes that form them. karst geomorphology. http://www.unomaha.edu/geomorf/Jessica/intro.html

Abstract Karst terrains are widespread and caused by the dissolution of carbonate rocks. Karst geomorphology is the study of the landforms associated with karst terrains and the processes that form them. Karst geomorphology was once studied using the cyclic concept developed by William Morris Davis. However, today it is realized by the scientific community that karst is developed due to certain processes which act upon the landscape. Factors influencing karst development are the quality and abundance of the carbonate bedrock, the climate, and the hydrology of the areas in which it forms. Karst areas are fragile and highly susceptible to contamination. Because 25% of the earths population is influenced by the presence of karst, it is important that people take an interest in learning about karst terrains. Introduction Karst areas are special, exciting, and possibly dangerous places. People are often fascinated by areas of karst, and many rely on them for natural resources such as water. The study of karst landforms has been subject to change over the last one hundred years and today is looked at from the perspective of processes. After discussing some of these landforms, we will look at the relationship between humans and karst landscapes. What is Karst?

48. Sinkhole Development In Karst Topography Verlag, 288. Ford, Derek and Williams, Paul, 1989, karst geomorphologyand Hydrology London, Unwin Hyman Ltd., 601. Geological Survey http://www.unomaha.edu/geomorf/nmoore/dindex.htm

Sinkhole Development in Karst Topography By Nicole E. Moore December 7, 2003 Fall 2003 Geomorphology Term Project for Dr. John Shroder Department of Geology-Geography University of Nebraska at Omaha Table of Contents Introduction to Karst Control Factors on Karst Formation Introduction to Sinkholes Components of Sinkholes ... References Introduction to Karst Karst terrain is a complicated and widespread phenomenon present on the surface of the earth.  Karst can be defined as “terrain with distinctive characteristics of relief and drainage arising primarily from the solution of soluble bedrock by natural waters” (Hanson, 2003).  Many different landforms can appear in this topography, including caves, sinkholes, towers and solution valleys.  Sinkholes are considered to be very indicative of karst terrain, being the fundamental identifying landform of this type of topography (Ford et al., 1989).  The word karst has evolved from the Slovenian word kras, which is defined as “stony bare ground.”  The Kras is an area of widespread and well developed karst in what is now Croatia (Web Reference 1, 2003).  Although karst landforms are not widely recognized by the general public, this type of terrain covers about 10% of the surface of the Earth.  It is estimated that approximately 25% of the world population lives near these areas and is supplied water from them (Web Reference 3, 2003).  It is obvious that karst terrain is an important area of study as it impacts so much of the world. Karst topography is most commonly found in carbonate rocks, including limestone and dolomite, as well as some evaporites.  These areas are characterized by closed surface depressions and a well developed drainage system (Web Reference 3, 2003).  There is a distinctive lack of surface water in the form of streams and lakes, due to infiltration into the underground system (Web Reference 1, 2003).

49. SAGES Academic Staff - Research Interests Dr Mark Ellaway karst geomorphology and Geomorphology. ProfessorNeal Enright - Biogeography, Plant Ecology. Associate Professor http://www.geography.unimelb.edu.au/staff2001.html

You are here: Arts Dept SAGES SAGES Teaching Staff SAGES Academic Staff Areas of research Dr Jon Barnett - Development Studies, global environmental politics, political geography Dr Simon Batterbury - Environmental and development studies, political ecology, Africa Dr Peter Christoff - Ecologically Sustainable Development, Social Impact Assessment, Society and Environment. Dr Christoff is the Environmental Studies programs coordinator. Dr Andy Dawson - postmodernism, community, identity, policy, migrancy (expecially former Yugoslavs in Europe and Australia Dr Barbara Downes - Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Impacts and Assessment Dr Michelle Duffy - Social and cultural geography, Indigenous performance and culture Dr Peter Dwyer - Ecology, social behaviour, classification and change Dr Mark Ellaway - Karst Geomorphology and Geomorphology Professor Neal Enright - Biogeography, Plant Ecology Associate Professor Brian Finlayson - Environmental Hydrology, Fluvial Geomorphology, Karst Geomorphology Rachel Hughes - Human and Cultural Geography Dr Salim Lakha - Development Studies, globalisation issues

50. Carleton University - Department Of Geography & Environmental Studies - Biograph Geography. Research Interests Quaternary sea level change karst geomorphologyand speleology Paleoclimate and geochronology of carbonates. http://www.carleton.ca/geography/geography/bios/lundberg.html

Geography Index General Information Undergrad Programs Graduate Program Research Bio Facilities Student Resources Geographers in the World Go to the Environmental Studies Pages Carleton University B349 Loeb Building 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa, Ontario Canada, KlS 5B6 Joyce Lundberg , B.Sc. (Trinity College), M.Sc. (Austrialian National), Ph.D. (McMaster), Associate Professor Contact Info Office: A327 LA Phone: 520-2600, Extension 2571 E-mail: Joyce_Lundberg@carleton.ca On sabbatical January 1st - June 30th, 2004 Fall Office Hours: TBA Courses GEOG 2100 Physical Geography GEOG 4101 Quaternary Geography Research Interests Quaternary sea level change Karst geomorphology and speleology Paleoclimate and geochronology of carbonate s Biography Joyce Lundberg was educated in Trinity College, Dublin, Australia National University, Canberra (M.Sc), Bristol University (PGCE), and McMaster University, Hamilton (Ph,D). She joined the faculty in 1990. Her research interests centre around sea level change and paleoclimatology (using radiometric dating of cave calcites and fossil coral) but she maintains an on-going concern with karst geomorphology, both arctic and tropical. At present she is involved in a three year research collaboration with the Geological Institute, University of Bergen, Norway.

51. Geology Of Florida 4. Rectangular drainage in the Suwannee River Basin 5. Internal drainage in karstareas E. karst geomorphology The Pattern of Sinkholes Florida Karst http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/guerry/GLY4155/geomorphology.html

GEOLOGY OF FLORIDA Lecture : Physiography and Geomorphology of Florida Walter Schmidt Chapter 1 I. Introduction A. Landforms are not static in geology 1. Doctrine of Uniformitarianism 2. Interpretation a. Past configurations b. Future configurations B. Classification of landforms 1. Local geologic structures and rock types 2. Type and rate of erosion C. Physiography and geomorphology 1. Physiography-a description of the features of the Earth 2. Geomorphology-study of the evolution of landforms a. Classification b. Description c. Nature d. Origin e. Development 3. Descriptive (geography) versus interpretive (geology) II. Florida's Dominant Geomorphic Processes A. Marine forces are most important 1. Erosion and deposition by currents a. Flat seafloors b. Marine scarps 2. Ridges and highlands

52. Michael J. Day, Professor karst geomorphology Geography 416424 LEC 001 T 1230pm - 310pm BOL 487.Office Hours. By appointment only Research and Teaching Interests http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/Geography/faculty/gfacday.html

Department of Geography MICHAEL J. DAY, Professor Room Number: Bolton Hall 456 Phone Number: 414-229-3942 Fax Number: 414-229-3981 Email: mickday@uwm.edu Mailing Address: Professor Michael J. Day Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee, WI 53201 Current Courses : Spring Semester 2004 Introduction to Caves and Caving Geography 416-128 LEC 001 TR 8:00am - 9:15am Karst Geomorphology Geography 416-424 LEC 001 T 12:30pm - 3:10pm BOL 487 Office Hours By appointment only Research and Teaching Interests: Geomorphology, especially Karst Landscapes Conservation, Protected Areas The Caribbean and Central America Southeast Asia Curriculum Vitae Highlights: B. Sc., Geography, Birmingham University, England, 1973. D. Phil., Geomorphology, Oxford University, England, 1978. Representative Publications: Policy and Practice in Karst Landscape Protection (with P. Urich and F. Lynagh), Geographical Journal, 2001, pp. 305-323. An Assessment of Protected Karst Landscapes in Southeast Asia (with P. Urich), Cave and Karst Science 2000, pp. 61-70.

53. Karst Ford, DC and PW Williams. 1989. karst geomorphology and hydrology. Unwin HymanLtd, London, UK. Jennings, JN 1985. karst geomorphology. Basil Blackwell. http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/risc/pubs/earthsci/karst/karst-16.htm

Karst Inventory Standards and Vulnerability Assessment Procedures for British Columbia Table of contents 5.0 References Aley, T. 1999. Groundwater tracing handbook. Osark Underground Laboratory, Protem, MO. B.A. Blackwell and Associates. 1995. Literature review of management of cave/karst resources in forest environments. Prepared for B.C. Min. For., Vancouver Forest Region, Nanaimo, BC. Unpubl. rep. Bryant, M.D., D.N. Swanston, R.C. Wissmar and B.E. Wright. 1998. Coho salmon populations in the unique landscape of North Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska. Amer. Fisheries Soc. 127: 425-433. Chapman, P. 1993. Caves and Cave Life. Harper Collins, New York, NY. Chatwin, S. 1999. Karst vulnerability assessment procedure. BC Min. For., Resear. Br., Victoria, BC. Chatwin, T.A., M. Davis and D. Nagorsen. 1997. Bat usage of the Weymer Creek cave systems on northern Vancouver Island, Canada. Proc. symp. on Karst and Cave Management. Oct. 1997. Bellingham, WA. Douglas, G. 1998. Rare native vascular plants of British Columbia. Min. Environ., Lands and Parks, Victoria, BC.

54. Ha Long Bay - Carved Picture Of Geological Processes mature in the whole world”. After researching on Ha Long Bay’skarst geomorphology, Prof. Tony Waltham, of Nottingham’s Trent http://halongbay.halong.net.vn/english/e_stone_history.htm

HA LONG BAY - CARVED PICTURE OF GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES CRITERIA FOR THE INCLUSION OF NATURAL PROPERTIES IN THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST THE FAMOUS ISLANDS AND CAVES Aesthetic value Bio - diversity value ... The cultural - historical value The beauty and aesthetic value of the natural landscape of the Bay reflects the shapes and colours of jewels. However, the geological structure and materials of the Bay have created these jewels. Ha Long Bay area has many valuable features of the Quaternary period. The sediment layers, the upper sea bed with plain surface, ancient rivers submerged by the sea, systems of caves and deposits of sediments, traces of ancient marine action forming distinctive notches are important evidence for researching variations in old and modern sea levels and the development of ancient cultures such as the Soi Nhu, Pre Ha Long, Ha Long and present-day cultures. Ha Long Bay is a fine example of a bay created by a system of boundary islands. It is a tidal bay and has typical tidal currents which are among the strongest in the world, and the chemical denudation process of calcium carbonate proceeds. Remnants of old phreatic caves: as in Sung Sot, Tam Cung, Lau Dai, Thien Cung, Dau Go and Thien Long... caves and grottoes.

55. Russell Drysdale Research Interests. karst geomorphology (projects ongoing in Australia and China);Hydrochemistry of karst groundwaters (projects ongoing in Australia and Italy); http://www.newcastle.edu.au/discipline/geology/staff_pg/rdrysdale.htm

The University of Newcastle - Australia Search School Staff Biological Sciences ... Geology Links Discipline of Earth Sciences Russell Drysdale Position: Lecturer in Earth Sciences Qualifications: BA (UNE) PhD (UNSW) Phone: Fax: Room No: Email: ggrnd@alinga.newcastle.edu.au Research Interests Teaching Areas Publications 1996-2001 ... Honours and Distinction Research Interests Karst geomorphology (projects ongoing in Australia and China) Hydrochemistry of karst groundwaters (projects ongoing in Australia and Italy) Environmental problems in karst terrains (projects ongoing in Italy) Reconstruction of past climate using cave stalagmites and tufas (projects ongoing in Australia and Italy) Teaching Areas

56. 1-Exploring The Karst Landscape Of Cockpit Country student in the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UnitedKingdom, is using GIS in his study of karst geomorphology not only as a http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0404/cockpit.html

@import url(/styles/standards_menu.css); Store Contact Us Careers ArcUser Online April - June 2004 Search ArcUser: Exploring the Karst Landscape of Cockpit Country By Parris Lyew-Ayee, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford Editor's note: Parris Lyew-Ayee, a doctoral student in the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, is using GIS in his study of karst geomorphology not only as a research tool but also to manage and optimize his fieldwork. He is working in a unique region in the interior of western Jamaica called Cockpit Country. The area's thousands of depressions, caused by the erosion of limestone, were thought to resemble cockfighting arenas of 17th century England. Its rugged terrain has limited human incursions and helped preserve the area's biodiversity. With its deep karst depressions surrounded by residual hills, the Jamaican Cockpit Country is the type area for the cockpit variety of karst landscape. GIS was used to conduct a comprehensive morphometric [shape measurement] survey of the landscape and its features to unambiguously characterize the nature of cockpit karst in its type area and compare these landscapes with noncockpit karst areas as well as distinctly nonkarst areas from other parts of the planet. Such detailed morphometric investigations would provide information about how such landscapes evolved and the factors that control their development.

57. ? 7 Ford D, Williams P. karst geomorphology and Hydrology. London UnwinHyman, 1989. 392. 20 Viles H A. Organism and karst geomorphology. http://www.scienceinchina.com/zk/zd/0401/zd0075.stm

¡¶Öйú¿Æѧ¡·D¼­-µØÇò¿Æѧ ISSN:1006-9267 2004Äê µÚ34¾í µÚ1ÆÚ 75-88 m) m) 1 Balazs D. Hydrolography of the South China Karst. Budapest: Hidrologiai Kozlony, 1960. 6 2 Balazs D. Physical geography of the South China Karst. Budapest: Foldrajzi Kozlemenyek. 1961 3 Jakucs L. Morphogenetics of karst regions. Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1977. 139 6 Ford D, Lundberg J. A review of dissolutional rills in limestone and other soluble rocks. Catena, 1987, 8(supplement): 119 7 Ford D, Williams P. Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology. London: Unwin Hyman, 1989. 392 8 Chen Z P, Song L H, Sweeting M M. The pinnacle karst of the stone forest, Lunan, Yunnan, China. In: Paterson K, Sweeting M M, eds. New Directions in Karst. Norwich: Geobooks, 1986. 597 14 Peter A B, Martin L. Observations on phytokarst. Z Geomorph N F, 1982, 26(4): 437 15 McCarroll D, Viles H A. Rock-weathering by the lichen Lecidea auriculata in an arctic alpine environment. Earth Surf Process and Landforms, 1995, 20: 199

58. Subterra Community - Karst, Caving, Speleologi Dan Cave Indonesia : Powered By A perlapisan. Collapse runtuhan karst geomorphology and Hydrology (DCFord PW Williams,1989) The Science Of Speleology (GT Warwick. http://www.subterra.or.id/subterra.php?action=lihat&isi_id=14

59. Karst karst geomorphologyand hydrology. London 1989; Jennings, Joe N. karst geomorphology. http://www.giub.uni-bonn.de/zoeller/karst.htm

3.8 Karst Prozesse und Formen Spezielle Literatur ( Folie Jennings, Joe N.: Karst geomorphology. Oxford 1985 Pfeffer, Karl-Heinz: Karstmorphologie. Darmstadt 1978 Definition: karra Jennings (1985) gibt eine sehr einfache Definition: g O zu Si(OH) (carbonatation): Das Bicarbonat-Ion (HCO in HOH: HOH + CO H CO H + HCO CO CaCO H O Ca .+ HCO + OH ; H CO H + HCO HCO H + CO CaCO Ca + CO CaCO .+ CO + H Ca + HCO CaCO H CO + H Ca Sowie Dissoziierung in Wasser: CaCO H O Ca .+ HCO + OH Als Summe wird oft geschrieben: CaCO CO + H O Ca Folie Abb. 6.6 aus Summerfield 1991: Reaktionen bei der Karbonatverwitterung net erosion zone ) und Netto-Ablagerung ( net deposition ). Auch in der net erosion zone net deposition und CO dazu Folie Fig. 6 aus Jennings (1985) 2 aq bei Wasser A und 300 mg/l CaCO bei Wasser B aus CO Arten von Karst und Pseudokarst Pseudokarst bezeichnet, Silikatkarst Reliktkarst Thermokarst Vulcanokarst Piping (Tunnelerosion) Biokarst Offener Karst – bedeckter Karst – Subrosion (unterirdischer Karst): offener Karst . Innerhalb dessen wird unterschieden in subkutanen nackten Beim bedeckten Karst Beim Unterirdischen Karst Subrosion Erdfall Karsthydrographie Folie Karsthydrographische Zonen vadose ) Zone 1a Boden 1b Subkutane (epikarstische) Zone phreatische ) Zone 3a Flachphreatische Zone 3b Tiefphreatische (bathyphretische) Zone 3c Stagnierende phreatische Zone Karstwasserspiegel Folie Fig. 5.22 aus

60. KARST`2000 Symposium SESSION G, karst geomorphology and Speleology. SESSION T, Geothermal Karst. SESSIONG karst geomorphology AND SPELEOLOGY. DATE September 21, 2000 HALL A http://www.karst.hun.edu.tr/main3.html

KARST’ 2000 PROGRAM SYMPOSIUM VENUE MARES OTEL Pamucak Mevkii 48700 Marmaris – Muðla – Türkiye Phone + 90 252 455 22 00 pbx + 90 252 455 41 00 pbx Fax e-mail hotel@mares.com.tr Exhibitors UNESCO – Division of Water Sciences Hacettepe University – UKAM American Society for Testing and Materials – ASTM International Association of Hydrological Sciences – IAHS General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works - DSÝ International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA General Directorate of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration – EÝEÝ Rimbach Publishing Inc. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration – MTA Exhibition Hall Day-long exhibitions will be held in Neptun Hall, Mares Hotel on 18-19-21 September 2000. COMMISSION MEETINGS DATE September 16, 2000 VENUE Mares Hotel, Marmaris IAH Karst Commission Meeting (14:00-18:00) IGU Karst Commission Meeting UIS Karst Commission Meeting DATE September 18, 2000 VENUE Mares Hotel, Marmaris Res Man Med* Project Meeting * Resource Management in the Karstic Areas of the Coastal Regions of the Mediterranean Project Number: ERB 3514 PL 961494 Res Man Med Partners Desmond McConville Margaret Savage CREDCO LTD., IRELAND

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