21. Groundwater groundwater. groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/groundwater.htm

Prof. Stephen A. Nelson EENS 111 Tulane University Physical Geology Groundwater Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans. Groundwater makes up about 1% of the water on Earth (most water is in oceans). But, groundwater makes up about 35 times the amount of water in lakes and streams. Groundwater occurs everywhere beneath the Earth's surface, but is usually restricted to depths less that about 750 meters. The volume of groundwater is a equivalent to a 55 meter thick layer spread out over the entire surface of the Earth. The surface below which all rocks are saturated with groundwater is the water table The Water Table Rain that falls on the surface seeps down through the soil and into a zone called the zone of aeration or unsaturated zone where most of the pore spaces are filled with air. As it penetrates deeper it eventually enters a zone where all pore spaces and fractures are filled with water. This zone is called the

22. GROUND WATER PRIMER 1. Introduction. 2. Ground Water Basics. 3. Ground Water Quality. 4. What You Can Do. 5. Ground Water Protection Programs. 6. Glossary. 7. References. http://www.epa.gov/seahome/groundwater/src/ground.htm

1. Introduction 2. Ground Water Basics 3. Ground Water Quality 4. What You Can Do ... 7. References Return to Title Page

23. In-Situ Fixation, Inc. - Deep Soil Mixing, Contaminated Soil, Soil Remediation, Company providing in situ remediation/treatment of soil and groundwater utilizing DUAL AUGER soil mixing technology. Specializing in bioremediation and Thermally Enhanced Soil Vapor Extraction. Site has information on these and other technologies, including Zero Valent Iron Injection. http://www.insitufixation.com

About In-situ Fixation, Inc. The primary business of In-Situ Fixation, Inc. (I-SF) using its I-SF has been in business since 1987 and is capable of and experienced in in-situ soil treatment utilizing Bio-remediation, Hot Air/Steam Stripping, Iron Injection and/or Solidification/Stabilization. Additionally, I-SF has the experience and capabilities to work with our clients to perform treatability studies and to develop site specific reagents. I-SF is the first company to successfully employ deep soil mixing for both in-situ Bio-remediation and the remediation of chlorinated solvents using Zero Valent Iron Injection in the United States.

24. USGS Ground Water Information Pages USGS Ground Water Information Pages The pages at this site are designed to provide useful information about groundwater resources and activities of the United States Geological Survey. Included http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/&y=029D205BC0115B

25. The Centre For Groundwater Studies The Centre for groundwater Studies (CGS) is an international research and education venture focusing on processes of groundwater recharge, discharge http://www.groundwater.com.au/

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26. Environmental Consulting Services, LLP Providing comprehensive environmental services (air quality, surface water, groundwater, sampling, characterization, remediation, site assessments, reporting, permitting, spill control, storm water, and regulatory consultations) for industry throughout the United States. Located in Billings, Montana. http://www.enviroconsult.com

"ECS has become a very important part of our nation-wide environmental program. From permits to stormwater training classes, their work has received outstanding reviews from regulators and plant management throughout the United States." Martin V. Elmore, Corporate Manager of Environmental Affairs, Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc., Atlanta, GA Welcome to ECS Online - Environmental Consulting Services Environmental Consulting Services, LLP (ECS) was established in Billings, MT in 1994 and offers a wide variety of environmental services to our clients. ECS specializes in the environmental services field of Air Quality (AQ), with the majority of our projects, clients, experience and services performed within this discipline. Although AQ Services are our specialty, ECS provides many other environmental services to our clients. Please take a moment to browse our " " page, as well as our "

27. Groundwater groundwater. Pamela J. W. Gore. Georgia Perimeter College. Objectives. Contrast porosity and permeability. Understand the concept of the water table and the various factors which control its position. Describe the character and behavior of groundwater in various settings. Discuss environmental problems related to groundwater. Understand what karst topography is and how it forms http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/geology/geo101/grndh2o.htm

Groundwater Pamela J. W. Gore Georgia Perimeter College Objectives Contrast porosity and permeability. Understand the concept of the water table and the various factors which control its position. Describe the character and behavior of groundwater in various settings. Discuss environmental problems related to groundwater. Understand what karst topography is and how it forms (sinkholes, disappearing streams, solution valleys). Understand how caves and the various features in them form. Porosity and Permeability Porosity is the amount of pore space in a rock (the spaces between the grains) Porosity is independent of grain size Porosity depends on: Sorting of the grains (or uniformity of grain size) Are the grains all the same size (well sorted), or are a variety of grain sizes present, with finer grains filling the spaces between the larger grains (poorly sorted)? Shape of the grains Packing and arrangement of grains. Cubic packing. Porosity = 47.64% Rhombohedral packing. Porosity = 25.95% What are some examples of a rock with high porosity?

28. Centre For Groundwater Studies Click on this button now or wherever you are in the site to quickly and easily access information on groundwater. http://www.groundwater.com.au/default2.asp

Click on this button now or wherever you are in the site to quickly and easily access information on groundwater. Welcome to the Centre for Groundwater Studies. Click on any of the menu items above or alongside to explore the site. This section of the web-site has been added to help you find the information you need, whether you are a student, business, researcher or community group 25th August, 2000

29. Tagd Homepage (Formerly the Texas groundwater Conservation Districts Association.) Information on meetings, publications and operating manuals, and aquifer maps. http://www.texasgroundwater.org/

Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Last Updated Wednesday, May 5, 2004 11:02 AM Internet Explorer 4.0 or later loves this site! Third Annual National Water Resources Symposium President: Richard Bowers Webmaster: Deanya Williams Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts The Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts (TAGD), formerly the Texas Groundwater Conservation Districts Association, was formed on May 12, 1988. Its membership is restricted to underground water conservation districts of Texas who have the powers and duties to manage groundwater as defined in Chapter 36 of the Texas Water Code. TAGD is organized exclusively for charitable, educational, or scientific purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Alliance urges any nonmember groundwater district to become a member and join in furthering policies and goals of the Alliance. In so doing, all groundwater districts, and the public at large, will benefit.

30. Possible Arsenic-Contamination-Free Groundwater Source In Bangadesh Summary of an account of the problem and possible solutions. Includes tables showing areas with different levels of contamination. http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/ChakrabortiSummaryof2-12-01.html

31. SURECHEM MARKETING SDN BHD Malaysian seller and distributor of instruments for a diverse range of environmental and agricultural and sampling and analysis, including soil, surface and groundwater, crops, climate, and sewage. http://www.surechem.com.my

We are specialized in the field of instrumentation for Agricultural Study and Soil Sampling Equipment. In our sales programme, we have a wide range of products catering for the Water, Climate, Hydrology and Moisture Control for the Wood-Working Sectors. Our products are widely used by various Consultants, Universities, Government Departments, Research E n t e r Best viewing with 800 X 600 screen size and above © 2001 Surechem Marketing Sdn. Bhd. Design and coding by Acmec.com

32. Copepods Exhaustive information regarding groundwater copepods, with particular reference to Italy checklists, ecology, distributional maps. http://www.geocities.com/~mediaq/copepod.html

T he copepods are the largest and most diversified group of crustaceans. At present they include over 14.000 species, 2.280 genera and 210 families, a surely underestimated number, inhabiting sea and continental waters, semiterrestrial habitats, or living in symbiotic relationships with other organisms. They are considered the most plentful multicellular group on the earth, outnumbering even the insects, which include more species, but fewer individuals! Particularly, the copepods are the dominant forms of the marine plankton and constitute the secondary producers in the marine environments and a fundamental step in the trophodinamics of the oceans. D uring their long evolutionary history, starting in the Lower Cretaceous, copepods spread over all the continents, as well as they successfully colonized about all the available water habitats of the Planet, becoming well adapted or specialized to very different salinity regimes, from marine and hypersaline waters to continental freshwater bodies, and to a wide range of temperature from the polar to the hot springs waters. C N everthless, the astonishing success of this group of microcrustaceans is due to their symbiotic relationships with other organisms: in fact, they virtually can parasitize or be the intermediate hosts of all the animal groups, from sponges to vertebrates, including mammalians and man, and it is likely that the number of associated or parasitic taxa known today could represent only a small fraction of the living species, especially in marine waters. Copepods that parasitize fish skin and gills are serious pests of commercial importance in both marine and freshwater fish farms.

33. UNSW - Water Research Laboratory Information about research and consulting in hydrology, hydraulics, groundwater, coastal engineering, and related areas. http://www.wrl.unsw.edu.au/index.php3

A LEADING INTERNATIONAL HYDRAULICS RESEARCH AND CONSULTING LABORATORY The Water Research Laboratory (WRL) is a leading international research and consulting laboratory. WRL is located at Manly Vale in Sydney's northern suburbs on 4 ha of land and is part of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of NSW. Academic staff of the School carry out research and supervise postgraduate students. Full time commercial project staff undertake projects and offer expert advice to industry and government. Quick links: www.wrl.unsw.edu.au Director : A.Prof R. J. Cox Manager : Mr B. M. Miller Water Research Laboratory King St, Manly Vale, 2093, Sydney, Australia Phone : Fax : Overview Resources Research Consulting ... Search

34. CONFERENCE & EVENTS Gives topics, dates and locations of sponsored events. http://www.mines.edu/research/igwmc/events/

international ground water modeling center GROUND-WATER MODELING EVENTS Groundwater in the West: June 16-18, 2004 Boulder, Colorado, USA Finite-Element Models, MODFLOW, and More 2004: Solving Groundwater Problems - 13-16 September 2004 - Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czech Republic MODFLOW and More 2003: Understanding through Modeling Conference - September 16-19, 2003 - Golden, Colorado, USA Groundwater/Surface Water Interactions Conference - July 1-3, 2002 - Keystone, Colorado, USA 2002 Darcy Distinguished Lecture, March 6, 2002 - Golden, Colorado, USA MODFLOW 2001 and OTHER MODELING ODYSSEYS Conference - September 11-14, 2001 - Golden, Colorado, USA MODELCARE'99 Conference - Zurich, Switzerland Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modeling, Coping with Uncertainty MODFLOW'98 Conference - Golden, Colorado, USA MODELCARE'96 Conference - Golden, Colorado, USA Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modeling IGWMC Modeling Conferences 1993, 1994 Proceedings - Golden, Colorado, USA IGWMC MAIN PAGE Last Update: February 18, 2004

35. Groundwater Issues groundwater Links. General. Software. Seepage/groundwater Modeling Software Software Hydrology groundwater Modeling and Analysis Software. Michigan. http://seaborg.nmu.edu/Seaborg/Groundwater/GW.html

Latest Update: November 29, 1999 Local Information and Activities Aquifers of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Acid Rain in Marquette County Groundwater Contamination in the Upper Peninsula Installation of Monitoring Wells Groundwater Links General Groundwater Foundation Director of On-line Groundwater Resources National Groundwater Association Understanding Groundwater ... Groundwater Contaminant Transport Software Seepage/Groundwater Modeling Software Software: Hydrology Groundwater Modeling and Analysis Software Michigan Hillsdale-Lenawee-Monroe Mathematics and Science Center Great Lakes Regional Environmental Information System Michigan Environmental Response Division Regional Groundwater Center, U-M Flint ... Michigan DNR Resource Inventory Program United States EPA USGS Water Resources National Climatic Data Center The Edwards Aquifer ... Illinois State Water Survey The World International Association of Hydrogeologists Congress Nov. 2000 Centre for Groundwater Studies (Australia) National Water Research Institute (Canada) Links to other Water Sites on the Internet Return to Seaborg Programs and Events Return to the Seaborg Center Home Page Send questions, comments, and notices for inclusion to

36. Welcome To Groundfreezing - Layne Christensen - Geotechnical Constructions Group Ground freezing is a technique that has been used extensively for groundwater control and excavation support in the underground construction and mining industries for over 100 years. http://www.groundfreezing.com/

Ground freezing is a technique that has been used extensively for groundwater control and excavation support in the underground construction industry for over 100 years. The process involves the circulation of a refrigerated coolant through a series of subsurface pipes to convert soil water to ice, creating a strong watertight material. The material is so strong, in fact, that it is routinely used as the only method of groundwater control and soil support for the construction of shafts hundreds of feet into water-bearing soils. Most ground freezing systems are quite similar in principal. The single most important component of a ground freezing system is the subsurface refrigeration system, consisting of a series of refrigeration pipes installed with various drilling techniques. Depending upon the application, the coolant can be brought to temperatures well below -150 degrees celcius. Ground freezing can be achieved by using either a large portable refrigeration plant or liquid nitrogen. After the initial freezing has been completed and the frozen barrier is in place, the required refrigeration capacity is significantly reduced to maintain the frozen barrier. Please enter your e-mail address below to be notified of product / information updates!

37. Biospeleology (cave Biology) Texas Memorial Museum's web site on biospeleology. Information on the biota of caves, karst, and groundwater. http://www.utexas.edu/depts/tnhc/.www/biospeleology/

Biospeleology The Biology of Caves, Karst, and Groundwater This page is sponsored by the Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin and the Missouri Department of Conservation Missouri Cave Life (pictorial guide) Explore Biospeleology (links) Handouts for cave managers (Elliott's files) NSS interview with Elliott A "cave salamander", Eurycea lucifuga Rafinesque, from Missouri. This species ranges across the eastern USA. This troglophilic amphibian prefers stream caves, primarily the twilight zone, but it also is found in damp habitats outside caves. Length 100-177 mm. This species has variable coloration, with dark or depigmented patches in some individuals. A few populations in Missouri have longer tails, similar to the long-tailed salamander. Both species love caves and frequently are found on walls or in crevices. Note the cirri on the upper lip, indicating that this is a male salamander. 18 May 2004 Comments to the Troglomeister: Bill.Elliott@mdc.mo.gov Missouri Department of Conservation

38. Groundwater Home Page groundwater home page, for Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, British Columbia Government. Info. re. Email Ground.Web @gems4.gov.bc.ca. groundwater. http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wat/gws/

BC Water Portal Aquifers Aquifers and Water Wells Find a Well ... MTBE in Groundwater PDF: 105 KB / 2 pages Observation Wells Observation Well Network (how it works) Reference Library Schedule of Charges and Service Requests Quality Standards for Drinking Water Water Well Records ... Freshwater (Environment Canada) Groundwater (Environment Canada) Canadian Ground Water Association The British Columbia Ground Water Association Land and Resource Registries Portal International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre ... More Groundwater Related Links Our Address Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection

39. Portage County Groundwater Home Page Information Portage County Planning Zoning groundwater@co.portage.wi.us 715346-1334 1462 Strongs Avenue Stevens Point, WI 54481, http://www.uwsp.edu/water/portage/

Click Image to go to Content Page Information: groundwater@co.portage.wi.us 1462 Strongs Avenue Stevens Point, WI 54481 Website Questions: dkilkenny@charter.net Portage County Groundwater Guardians http://www.uwsp.edu/water/portage Revised July 01, 2002

40. Welcome To Groundwater Analytical Testing laboratory offering login and maintaining certification in several states, besides their base in Buzzards Bay, MA. http://www.groundwateranalytical.com/

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