81. MSNBC - Newsweek article claiming that tradable allowances for greenhouse gases may one day become the world's biggest commodities market. http://stacks.msnbc.com/news/616105.asp

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money document.write('') Web Search: logoImg("http://sc.msn.com"); MSNBC News Alerts Newsletters Help ... MSNBC Shopping Search MSNBC: Advanced Search File not found. Our Web servers cannot find the page or file you asked for. The link you followed may be broken or expired. Go to our MSNBC home page , the NBC Sports home page , or try searching our Archives Cover News Business ... Anti-Spam Policy

82. Greenhouse Gases Notes Share of Greenhouse Warming Due to Different greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol marks the first international attempt to http://www.wri.org/wri/powerpoints/trends/sld029.htm

First Previous Next Last ... Text Slide 29 of 50 Notes: Share of Greenhouse Warming Due to Different Greenhouse Gases The Kyoto Protocol marks the first international attempt to place legally binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions from developed countries. In addition to carbon dioxide (CO ), the Protocol focuses on five other greenhouse gases: methane (CH ), nitrous oxide (N O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF8). For more information see http://www.wri.org/wri/trends/kyoto.html Source: J. T. Houghton et al., eds. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change , published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, in collaboration with the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1996).

83. Default Offers consultation to the chemicals industry in greenhouse gases, Criteria Air Contaminants, toxics, and energy and environmental policy. http://www.cheminfoservices.com

Cheminfo Services Inc. "Environmental solutions for a growing economy" Environmental Consulting... Click here for no frames version (not recommended)

84. Synthetic Greenhouse Gases Home Page - Australian Greenhouse Office Synthetic greenhouse gases. Draft Environmental Plan for the Synthetic greenhouse gases industry. Industries that use synthetic greenhouse http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/syntheticgas/

SYNTHETIC GREENHOUSE GASES Skip navigation More topics Select a topic Emissions monitoring Government International activities Natural resources AGO Home AGO Home Synthetic greenhouse gases About Contact ... Synthetic Greenhouse Gases Find out more What's new? Browse site A-Z Newsroom AGO Home Synthetic greenhouse gases Draft Environmental Plan for the Foam Industry call for public comment NEW Important information for importers, exporters or manufacturers of Ozone Depleting Substances and Synthetic Greenhouse Gases Australian Government Seeks Industry Advice on New Ozone and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Regulations Media release - 13 January 2004 Questions and answers Legislation Australian industries using synthetic greenhouse gases Publications The Government is committed to working with industry to develop environmental management strategies for synthetic greenhouse gases, being hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride (HFCs, PFCs and SF ). These gases are particularly potent greenhouse gases and are either used in a number of industrial applications or else are emitted as a by-product of industrial activity. Legislation Australia a World Leader in Reducing Effects of Ozone Depleting Substances and Synthetic Greenhouse Gases - Media release, 28 November 2003

85. Welcome To CMI Joint project of Princeton University, BP and the Ford Motor Company, investigating the global carbon cycle, carbon capture and storage technology, and policy and economic strategies to reduce the buildup of greenhouse gases. http://www.princeton.edu/~cmi/

Home About CMI CMI News People ... Events The Capture Group assesses the potential of low-carbon energy technologies The Storage Group studies the feasibility of long-term underground carbon storage The Science Group examines the impacts of CO2 on climate and the carbon cycle The Policy Group analyzes the politics and economics of carbon mitigation The Carbon Mitigation Initiative is a joint project of Princeton University, BP and the Ford Motor Company to find solutions to the greenhouse and global warming problem. Together our researchers are developing strategies to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions that will be safe, effective, and affordable. The Carbon Mitigation Initiative is a part of the Princeton Environmental Institute.

86. Greenhouse Gases What are the greenhouse gases?There are six greenhouse gases covered under the Kyoto Protocol – carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide Of these. http://climatechange.nrcan.gc.ca/english/View.asp?pmiid=6&oid=1

87. Cantor Fitzgerald Emissions Trading Consultants, Brokers Trading Emission Reduct Information about marketbased emissions trading programs for CO2, SO2 allowances, RECLAIM, NOx, SOx, greenhouse gases, and other environmental credits. Provides trading services in several countries, consultation to governments, and advice to industry. http://www.emissionstrading.com/

This site requires your browser to support frames. Please upgrade your browser and return to the site. Thank you. Sponsor of the Premiere Emissions Trading Website

88. UNFCCC GREENHOUSE GASES INVENTORY DATA BASE http://ghg.unfccc.int/

89. CNN.com - Pressure On Over Greenhouse Gases - November 13, 2000 CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/europe/11/13/hague.green.02/index.html

world europe Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Pressure on over greenhouse gases Recent extreme weather has been blamed on greenhouse gases THE HAGUE, Netherlands Delegates from 180 nations have begun discussing ways of curbing emissions of greenhouse gases in order to meet targets set in Kyoto three years ago.

90. Cutting Greenhouse Gases Cutting greenhouse gases. Geneva, 5 March (South Development News) After confirming that climate change is for real and then outlining http://www.southcentre.org/info/southbulletin/bulletin08/bulletin08-04.htm

Cutting Greenhouse Gases Geneva, 5 March (South Development News) After confirming that climate change is for real and then outlining areas that will be impacted, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came out with its latest report that outlines effective policy and technology options that can help cope with a warmer world. "The Third Assessment Report represents a remarkable consensus and a sound basis for international decision-making," said Professor G.O.P Obasi, Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which together with UNEP launched IPCC in 1988. Prof. Obasi called upon the world's governments to consider rapidly a legislative framework for effective implementation of the many available cost-effective solutions to the greenhouse emissions problem. "This report moves us from a focus on the problem to a focus on the solution," observed Klaus Töpfer, UNEP Executive Director. "The good news is that there are cost-effective policies and technologies available for cutting emissions. The bad news is that there are many barriers to rolling these out. We must figure out how to break down these barriers." "I am convinced that the turn-around in global emissions can be achieved over time through cost-effective policies and 21st century technologies that will benefit economic growth and sustainable development," said Michael Zammit Cutajar, Executive Secretary of the UN Climate Change Convention. "Developed countries must take a convincing lead in demonstrating these opportunities. The Kyoto Protocol, on which negotiations will resume soon, seeks to start this movement."

91. Global Warming Awareness Studentcreated site compiles easy to understand/condensed data and other information on global warming, the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases. http://www.geocities.com/environmentca

92. Methane, CO2 Earth's Greenhouse Gases In The Archean Methane, CO2 Earth s greenhouse gases In The Archean. Methane and carbon dioxide, not ammonia, were the greenhouse gases that compensated http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0627012.htm

Home Search Methane, CO2 Earth's Greenhouse Gases In The Archean Methane and carbon dioxide, not ammonia, were the greenhouse gases that compensated for our less energetic sun during the pre-oxygen Archean, according to Penn State geoscientists. "We are looking at what the Earth's atmosphere was like prior to 2.3 billion years ago, before the rise of oxygen," said James F. Kasting, professor of geosciences and meteorology. "We believe it is likely that methane was the major component of the atmosphere then, and the major greenhouse gas." Kasting and geosciences graduate student Alexander A. Pavlov, looked at a variety of ways to estimate the methane concentrations in the Archean atmosphere. Methane is produced by methanogenic bacteria, organisms that create methane from organic material or hydrogen and carbon dioxide. "One way to estimate methane in the Archean atmosphere is to take today's methane production by organics and lower today's oxygen to that of the Archean, arriving at about 1,000 times higher than today's methane value," says Kasting. "However, other methods of estimation are better." Looking at the way methanogenic bacteria produce methane, the researchers note that given abundant nutrients, these bacteria will convert hydrogen until insufficient energy exists to continue. According to thermodynamic analysis, this means that 90 to 95 percent of the hydrogen would be converted to methane.

93. UK Emissions Trading Scheme Based on the international Kyoto Summit on Climate Change agreement, this describes the U.K's National Emissions Trading scheme designed to reduce a range of greenhouse gases, 80% of which is carbon dioxide. http://www.emissions-trading.info

Emissions Trading Should you Participate in the Emissions Trading Scheme Emissions Trading - Questions and Answers Any emissions reductions in excess of the agreed targets under the CCL negotiated agreements can be sold into the market demonstrate an even reduction in emissions per annum UK Emissions Trading Scheme In 1997, at the Kyoto Summit on Climate Change, the EU signed up to an agreement to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 8% on 1990 levels during the years 2008 - 2012. The UK share was a commitment to reduce by 12.5% on 1990 levels during the years 2008 - 2012. Domestically the Government has set itself a target well in excess of this requirement, to reduce emissions by 20% by the year 2010. In March 1998 Lord Marshall was asked to produce a report on economic instruments and the business use of energy. This initially led to the introduction of the Climate Change Levy, now followed by a further measure recommended by Lord Marshall, the introduction of an Emissions Trading Scheme. This will be the first National Scheme in the World, and is likely to be followed in the next few years by a Pan European Scheme and then by a Worldwide Scheme

94. NASA Blames Greenhouse Gases For Wintertime Warming NASA Blames greenhouse gases For Wintertime Warming. greenhouse gases are the main reason why the northern hemisphere is warming http://unisci.com/stories/20012/0424011.htm

Home Search NASA Blames Greenhouse Gases For Wintertime Warming Greenhouse gases are the main reason why the northern hemisphere is warming quicker during wintertime months than the rest of the world, according to new computer climate model results by NASA scientists. Climatologists consider volcanic aerosols, polar ozone depletion, solar radiation and greenhouse gases to be important factors in climate warming. NASA scientists input all of these factors in a climate model and concluded that greenhouse gases are the primary factor driving warmer winter climates in North America, Europe and Asia over the last 30 years. They found that greenhouse gases, more than any of the other factors, increase the strength of the polar winds that regulate northern hemisphere climate in winter. Using a computer model that simulates climate through interactions of ocean and atmosphere, scientists input current and past levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and nitrous oxide. They found that greenhouse gases such as those increase the strength of polar wind circulation around the North Pole. The polar winds play a large role in the wintertime climate of the northern hemisphere. The winds blow from high up in the stratosphere down to the troposphere and eventually the Earth's surface.

95. Climate Monitoring And Diagnostics Laboratory Conducts research related to atmospheric constituents that are capable of forcing change in the climate of the earth or that may deplete the ozone layer. CMDL monitors greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, ozonedepleting gases and solar and terrestrial radiation at global sites including four Baseline Observatories. http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov

Home About CMDL Data Publications ... Contact Us Baseline Observatories South Pole, Antarctica American Samoa Mauna Loa, Hawaii Trinidad Head, California Barrow, Alaska Search CMDL: What forces determine the Earth's climate ? What destroys the ozone layer? What will happen to air quality five research groups have been conducting sustained measurements for research related to climate, the ozone layer, and air quality at global Baseline Observatories and other locations for over 40 years in search of the answers which are needed to project the environmental future of this planet. [What does this figure represent? 2004 CMDL Annual Meeting Agenda and Abstracts NOAA Radiation Network Becomes the GCOS Global Baseline Radiation Network CMDL Annual Meeting: May 26-27, 2004 ... CMDL Scientists to Study Trace Gas Emissions in Siberia CMDL Research Groups Aerosols Radiation AERA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases (CCGG) ... Contact Us 325 Broadway R/CMDL Boulder, CO 80305

96. Improved Crop Production And Fewer Greenhouse Gases has published research on a farming technique that can both increase crop yields and reduce the release of carbons that develop into greenhouse gases. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-03/bc-icp032904.php

Public release date: 29-Mar-2004 Contact: Kathleen Sullivan kathleen.sullivan.1@bc.edu Boston College Improved crop production and fewer greenhouse gases Agricultural research by Boston College's Harrison The researchers studied three different methods of soybean farming: conservation (no-till drilling); conventional tillage, and organic farming. Their findings showed that the conservation method produced the highest crop yield, 15% more than conventional tillage and 110% more than organic farming. It also held the most carbon in the soil41% more soil carbon than conventional tillage and 48% more than organic. This catching and holding of soil carbon, called sequestration, keeps carbon from being incorporated into carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. "Our research suggests that farmers can make decisions about tillage that can help mitigate the effects of global warming," writes Harrison and his co-authors. "Switching from a conventional till method to conservation tillage could produce 15% more food on the same amount of land," according to the authors. This has serious implications, they write, as the "global population continues to rise and the need to feed more people using less land is becoming more urgent." For example, the conservation technique would use 52% less land than the organic method to produce the same amount of soybeans.

97. NRDC: Global Warming NRDC advocates dramatic reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases in the U.S. and abroad as well as the adoption and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Includes fact sheets, reports, and links. http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/

Higher temperatures threaten dangerous consequences: drought, disease, floods, lost ecosystems. And from sweltering heat to rising seas, global warming's effects have already begun. But solutions are in sight. We know where most heat-trapping gases come from: power plants and vehicles. And we know how to curb their emissions: modern technologies and stronger laws. NRDC is working to put these fixes in place. By shifting the perception of global warming from abstract threat to pressing reality, and promoting online activism. By pressing businesses to use less energy and build more efficient products. And by fighting for laws that will speed these advances. NRDC on The Day After Tomorrow NRDC Media Center The movie taps a basic truth: Global warming is happening today. Global Warming and Sudden Climate Change NRDC Media Center Facts, not fiction, on the possibility of abrupt, severe climate change. Meet Captain Climate Global Warming In Brief John McCain takes the lead in the fight against global warming. Global Warming's Impact on the Arctic Wear this T-shirt and Hat in Support of NRDC's Campaign to Stop Global Warming Simple issue overviews, news, how-to guides, frequently asked questions, photo essays and more.

98. Shareholders Press Car Makers To Cut Greenhouse Gases Published on Thursday, December 12, 2002 by the Inter Press Service. Shareholders Press Car Makers to Cut greenhouse gases. by Jim Lobe. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/1212-02.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Thursday, December 12, 2002 by the Inter Press Service Shareholders Press Car Makers to Cut Greenhouse Gases by Jim Lobe WASHINGTON - A coalition of religious bodies and other concerned investors is calling on the world's two biggest carmakers, U.S-based General Motors (GM) and Ford, to take more aggressive steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions from their plants and products by 2012. The group, led by the Interfaith Center for Corporate Responsibility (ICCR), has filed resolutions with both companies to be taken up at their annual shareholder meetings next spring. ICCR represents more than 275 faith-based institutional investors with about 120 billion dollars in total investment assets. A number of other major institutional investors, including California's largest public employee pension fund CALPERS - which has about 150 billion dollars in assets - are expected to back the resolutions, according to Sister Patricia Daly, the head of ICCR and the Tri-State Coalition for Responsible Investment. ''We'll be reaching out to CALPERS,'' she said. Institutional investors' support for resolutions on global warming has shot up in the past several years from an average of only about three percent of companies' shares in 1999 to 18 percent in 2002. Such strong showings have historically been taken very seriously by corporate managers, particularly at a time when investors are worried about the stock market's performance.

99. Warming Arctic Releasing Greenhouse Gases Published on Wednesday, February 7, 2001 by Agence France Presse. Warming Arctic Releasing greenhouse gases. NAIROBI Greenhouse http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/0207-01.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... Archives Headlines Printer Friendly Version E-Mail This Article Published on Wednesday, February 7, 2001 by Agence France Presse Warming Arctic Releasing Greenhouse Gases NAIROBI - Greenhouse gases that have been locked safely in the Arctic's permafrost for millennia are now being released because of global warming, scientists warned here Wednesday. "Global warming may be set to accelerate as rising temperatures in the Arctic melt the permafrost causing it to release greenhouse gases in the atmosphere," the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a statement released during a week-long meeting here of more than 80 environment ministers from around the world. View of the conference room of the United Nations in Nairobi Monday Feb. 5, 2001, for the opening of a week-long meeting of policy planners and environment ministers. The meeting will address the effects of global warming and other environmental threats. (AP Photo/Jean-Marc Bouju) "The Arctic is an area where the climate changes are going to cause tremendous problems," wrote Svein Tveitdal, who heads a UNEP research centre observing the permafrost in Arendal, Norway. An estimated 14 percent of the world's carbon is stored in Arctic lands.

100. Environmental Defense Both domestically and internationally, Environmental Defense works to stabilize Earth's climate by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. http://www.environmentaldefense.org/system/templates/page/issue.cfm?subnav=12

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