21. Global Warming:Understanding Greenhouse Gases For Education And Learning Software and related curriculum materials for sale. http://seeds2lrn.com/greenIndex.html

The Science of Global Warming About Program Content Lessons System Requirements ... Pricing and Ordering Study global warming and climate change to learn math and science. Provide your students with an authentic global climate model they can use to help them understand their environment. Get educational software that can be used for days and weeks of exciting learning. Software Reviews Additional Resource Books Other Ed Web Sites About ... Pricing and Ordering Critical Software Review: Recommended by the Eisenhower National Clearinghouse Recommended by the CoVis Program: Learning through Collaborative Visualization - Enhancing science learning to provide authentic experiences in the practice of science CoVis Program . Review by Dr. Jonathan D. W. Kahl, Director UWM CoVis Project, Assoc Professor, Atmospheric Science Name of Product: Global Warming: Understanding Greenhouse Gases Software [X] Web-Based [ ] (check one) Publishing/Parent Company: Seeds Software System Requirements (Mac/PC): Mac/Win Subject Covered: Earth Science, Physics

22. GreenHouse Gas Online - Greenhouse Gas News, Research And Resources US, have suggested that the anomaly of the atmosphere warming more slowly than predicted can be explained by stratospheric cooling of greenhouse gases. http://www.ghgonline.org/

About GHG Online Introduction Contacts The Author Acknowledgement Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Others Climate Change Global warming Evidence Human Influence Predictions ... May 6, 2004 Greenhouse Gas News 6th May 2004 Climate Change at Home The editor of Greenhouse Gas Online, Dave Reay, has secured a contract with publishers Macmillan to write a book about climate change and the indivdual entitled 'Climate Change Begins at Home'. More to Follow... 6th May 2004 In a Nutshell Leading science writers, Tim Radford and Paul Brown, have set out some of the key impacts of climate change that we can expect to see over the coming years - hurricanes, fish stock collapses, glacial melt and more. 6th May 2004 Space Oddity Qiang Fu, and colleagues at the University of Washington, US, have suggested that the anomaly of the atmosphere warming more slowly than predicted can be explained by stratospheric cooling of greenhouse gases. 6th May 2004 Missing the EU Climate Target The European Union looks likely to miss its own targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. There is concern that there is not enough financial pressure being put on heavy industries to reduce their emissions.

23. ARRPEEC Conducting research on energyenvironment-climate issues in Asia. Objectives include mitigation of greenhouse gases and other hazardous emissions. Centered in Bangkok, Thailand. http://www.arrpeec.ait.ac.th

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24. ENERGY FACTS: GREENHOUSE GAS greenhouse gases. FIGURE 1 Temperature change under scenario IS92a (39K). Carbon Dioxide. Prior to the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the earth's atmosphere was made up of 280 parts per http://www.iclei.org/efacts/greengas.htm

GREENHOUSE GASES A buildup of certain gases in the earth's atmosphere threatens to significantly increase the planet's temperature in the next century. These 'greenhouse' gases which are a result of human activities, referred to as 'anthropogenic'; contribute to global warming by trapping heat within the earth's atmosphere rather than allowing it to radiate out into space. The most important greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO ) which is responsible for about two thirds of the potential warming to date; but methane (CH ), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide (N O) and several other gases trap more heat per molecule than CO FIGURE 1: Temperature change under scenario IS92a (39K). Figure 2 shows the projected relative contributions of the four major greenhouse gases in a 'business as usual' scenario. The business as usual scenario estimates the buildup of greenhouse gases which will occur without significant policy changes in the industrialized world. This diagram also shows the 'global warming potentials' of each of these gases. It can be seen that various CFCs can trap over 10,000 times more heat per molecule than CO . Therefore, although atmospheric concentrations of CFCs are much lower than those of CO

25. Fuel Cells - Reducing Greenhouse Gases Article From Western Canadian Online Outdoors News Archive. http://www.westcanoon.com/archive/fuelcell.html

Originally Printed: Alberta Outdoors Online News (Vol.1 No. 7 December 2001) Fuel Cells - Reducing Greenhouse Gases Bob Kenyon Due to the evident threat of global warming industries, individuals, governments and academics are searching to find ways to reduce greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases, primarily water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap the heat of the sun, preventing radiation from dissipating into space. Canada's commitment, to the December 1997 Kyoto Protocol, was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012. One of the biggest producers of green house gases, are our main form of transportation...cars. Obviously we need ways to reduce the emissions from vehicles. How to reduce these emissions may come from a small company, Ballard Power Systems (www.ballard.com/) located in the Vancouver area. Based on the solid polymer fuel cells, of the type that were first developed by General Electric to fly in NASA's 1960's Gemini space program; Ballard have developed a cell that produces electricity by electrochemically combining hydrogen fuel. The hydrogen can be obtained from fuels such as natural gas, methanol, or petroleum, and oxygen from the air. When fueled by pure hydrogen, heat and pure water vapor are the only by-products from the fuel cell's electrochemical reaction. Ballard Power Systems is recognized as the world leader in developing, manufacturing and marketing zero-emission proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for use in transportation, electricity generation and portable power products. Ballard Power Systems' proprietary fuel cell technology is enabling automobile, electrical equipment and portable power product manufacturers to develop environmentally clean products for sale. To this extent Ballard is partnering with strong, world-leading companies in all of the related industries.

26. CMDL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group Carbon Cycle greenhouse gases Group (CCGG). The NOAA CMDL Carbon Cycle greenhouse gases group makes ongoing discrete measurements http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccgg/

Home About CMDL Publications Organization ... FAQ Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group (CCGG) The NOAA CMDL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases group makes ongoing discrete measurements from land and sea surface sites and aircraft, and continuous measurements from baseline observatories and tall towers. These measurements document the spatial and temporal distributions of carbon-cycle gases and provide essential constraints to our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Interactive Atmospheric Data Visualization This data exploration tool enables visitors to View all data including near real-time preliminary CCGG measurement results. Obtain details about each sampling location. Manipulate and compare CCGG data sets. Create custom graphs. View their plots on-line with an option to save figures locally for later use. Cooperative Air Sampling Network An international effort to make regular discrete samples from a globally distributed network of sites. Observatory Measurements On-site measurements at the four NOAA/CMDL baseline observatories.

27. CNN - Greenhouse Gases Spur Warm, Wet Winters - June 3, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9906/03/warming.enn/index.html

[an error occurred while processing this directive] MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Greenhouse gases spur warm, wet winters If the current warming trend continues, Northern Hemisphere continents can expect winters that are warmer and wetter June 3, 1999 Web posted at: 11:15 AM EDT Warm, wet winters during recent decades in the Northern Hemisphere can be explained by the influence of greenhouse gases on atmospheric winds, Columbia University researchers report in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature. During the last 35 years, temperatures have risen by seven to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over vast regions of northern Eurasia and North America, according to data compiled at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, N.Y. "It's quite likely that the warmer winters over the continents are indeed a result of the increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere," said Drew Shindell, a climatologist at Columbia University. According to the research, increased concentrations of greenhouse gases have indirectly resulted in a dominant positive phase of an atmospheric wind pattern that ushers in warm, moist air from the oceans to the continents.

28. EPA : Global Warming : Emissions What Are greenhouse gases? Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities. Naturally http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/content/Emissions.html

var homeDb = 'OAR/globalwarming.nsf' Global Warming - Emissions Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search Area: EPA Home Global Warming International National ... Individual Emissions Once, all climate changes occurred naturally. However, during the Industrial Revolution, we began altering our climate and environment through changing agricultural and industrial practices. Before the Industrial Revolution, human activity released very few gases into the atmosphere, but now through population growth, fossil fuel burning, and deforestation, we are affecting the mixture of gases in the atmosphere. What Are Greenhouse Gases? Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, while others result from human activities. Naturally occuring greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Certain human activities, however, add to the levels of most of these naturally occurring gases: Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere when solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood and wood products are burned. Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock.

29. PNAS -- Gerstell Et Al. 98 (5): 2154 A recent technical paper from the Feb. 27, 2001 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/5/2154

February 27, 2001 Abstract of this Article PDF Version of this Article Similar articles found in: PNAS Online ISI Web of Science PubMed PubMed Citation Search PubMed for articles by: Gerstell, M. F. Aaltonee, E. T. Search for citing articles in: ISI Web of Science (1) Alert me when: new articles cite this article Download to Citation Manager Special Feature Geophysics Keeping Mars warm with new super greenhouse gases M. F. Gerstell J. S. Francisco Y. L. Yung C. Boxe , and E. T. Aaltonee Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 150-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Edited by Donald M. Hunten, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved January 11, 2001 (received for review October 26, 2000) Abstract Top Abstract Introduction Infrared Quantum-Mechanical... Required Greenhouse Columns Photolysis Discussion References Our selection of new super greenhouse gases to fill a putative "window" in a future Martian atmosphere relies on quantum-mechanical calculations. Our study indicates that if Mars could somehow acquire

30. EPA : Global Warming : Climate Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/Climate.html

var homeDb = 'oar/globalwarming.nsf' Global Warming - Climate Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search Area: EPA Home Global Warming Trends Atmospheric Change ... Science FAQ Climate An Introduction uncertainties exist about exactly how earth's climate responds to them. Go to the Emissions section for much more on greenhouse gases Our Changing Atmosphere Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate, and heats the earth's surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural "greenhouse effect," temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth's average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth's atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally. Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing? Scientists generally believe that the combustion of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide. Plant respiration and the decomposition of organic matter release more than 10 times the CO

31. Eiolca.net - Free Life Cycle Assessment On The Internet Uses 1992 inputoutput table of US economy to show economic and environmental effects of producing 500 commodities. Environmental impacts of production are expressed in terms of Conventional Pollutants, greenhouse gases, Toxic Chemicals, and other releases. http://www.eiolca.net

We have recently finished updating conventional pollutant and greenhouse gas data for the 1997 model and greenhouse gas and fuel data for the 1992 model. Please note the new estimates. This site allows you to estimate the overall environmental impacts from producing a certain dollar amount of any of 500 commodities or services in the United States. It will provide rough guidance on the relative impacts of different types of products, materials, services, or industries with respect to resource use and emissions throughout the U.S. The entire supply chain of requirements is included, so that the effects of producing a $20,000 motor vehicle would include not only the impacts of final assembly, but also the impact from mining of metals, making electronic parts, forming windows, etc. that are needed for parts to build the car. This analysis is a form of life cycle assessment based upon an economic input output model of the United States, publicly available data and linear algebra calculation methods. The impact model is linear, so the effects of a $20,000 motor vehicle purchase would be double that of a $10,000 motor vehicle. Remember that this data is only for production, so impacts of gasoline use and maintenance need to be evaluated separately. Environmental impacts include energy use, air pollutants, hazardous wastes, toxics emissions and dollar estimates of external air pollution costs. See the

32. Greenhouse Gases And Climate Change greenhouse gases and Climate Change. greenhouse gases have been accumulating in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, almost 250 years ago. http://www.ieagreen.org.uk/ghgs.htm

Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change Greenhouse gases have been accumulating in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution, almost 250 years ago. Where are these gases coming from? Are they changing the climate? Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas emitted by human activity. It is responsible for over half the enhancement of the greenhouse effect. The main sources are shown in Table 1. The largest single contributor to emissions from fossil fuels is power generation. Transport is another major contributor. Table 1 also shows the natural processes (or sinks) which remove CO from the atmosphere. The difference between total emissions and the known sinks is described as the inferred sink, which is probably partly due to the extra growth of plants, stimulated by higher concentrations of CO in the atmosphere. Table 1 Annual average carbon budget from human activity for 1980-89 Amount (GtC/y) CO Sources 1 Fossil fuel combustion and cement production 2 Changes in tropical land use (mainly deforestation) 3 Total emissions from human activity (1+2) CO Sinks 4 Storage in the atmosphere 5 Ocean uptake 6 Northern hemisphere forest regrowth 7 Inferred sink 3-(4+5+6) GtC = 109 tonnes of carbon. Source: IPCC, 1996a

33. IEA GHG Programme - Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases Network Non CO 2 greenhouse gases Network. INTRODUCTION. The Non CO 2 greenhouse gases arise from a wide variety of emission sources that include http://www.ieagreen.org.uk/nonco2.htm

Non CO Greenhouse Gases Network INTRODUCTION The Non CO Greenhouse Gases Network is intended to provide a forum for researchers working on emission inventories, mitigation options and energy modellers and other interested in policy options involving the Non CO greenhouse gases. PARTICIPANTS Participants include research groups and energy modelling groups in Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa and Asia that are actively engaged in practical research or modelling activities associated with the Non CO greenhouse gases. NETWORK AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The network has been established to bring together an international team of leading researchers and policy advisors. This will allow: Comparison of data sets Review of respective analyses of mitigation technologies Comparisons of economic modelling approaches Comparisons of empirical results on the Non CO greenhouse gases Identification of gaps in the understanding of the role of the Non CO greenhouse gases, thus aiding the development of research strategies to address these gaps. BACKGROUND Whilst CO is the most significant contributor to global warming since pre industrial times, the role of the Non CO

34. Fact Sheet: Hydrogen Fuel: A Clean And Secure Energy Future In his State of the Union address, President Bush announced a $1.2 billion hydrogen fuel initiative to reverse America's growing dependence on foreign oil by developing the technology for commercially viable hydrogenpowered fuel cells to power cars, trucks, homes and businesses with no pollution or greenhouse gases. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030206-2.html?topic=fuel cell

35. United Nations Association Of Australia.. The UNAA offers the opportunity to be involved in the wide range of issues that confront the United Nations and Australia, from human rights to peacekeeping and from greenhouse gases to clean water. http://www.unaa.org.au/

United Nations Association of Australia In Memory of Marjorie McInnis, whose bequest is funding this website United Nations Association of Australia In Memory of Marjorie McInnis, whose bequest is funding this website

36. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Greenhouse Gases 'at Record Levels' Tuesday, 11 February, 2003, 1616 GMT greenhouse gases at record levels . Stormy weather Feedbacks mean increasing uncertainty. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2749097.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page World UK ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to World Tuesday, 11 February, 2003, 16:16 GMT Greenhouse gases 'at record levels' Stormy weather: Feedbacks mean increasing uncertainty By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent British scientists say greenhouse gases are at the highest background levels ever recorded in the atmosphere. They say stabilising the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) will be harder, because a warming world will trigger feedback mechanisms. Their report says the UK exceeded its international target for cutting greenhouse emissions by 2000. The UK Government says the scientists' findings show much more needs to be done to reduce emissions. The report, the Global Atmosphere Research Programme 2000-2002, is published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). More to do It provides the results of Defra's research programme on climate change and stratospheric ozone, based at the UK's Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research.

37. PAS Technology A/S Photoacousticbased gas monitors for the OEM market. Monitors greenhouse gases like SF6, N2O, CO, CO2, CH4 and solvents. http://www.pastech.dk

PAS Technology A/S Sulphur hexaflouride (SF6) measurement, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) measurement, Photoacoustic gas monitors, OEM gas monitors, greenhouse gas measurement, Photoacoustic effect, Photoacoustic detection, gas detection modules for system integration, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy. Photoacoustic based gas monitors for the OEM market. Monitors greenhouse gases like SF6, N2O, CO, CO2, CH4 and solvents. This page uses frames, but your browser doesn't support them. A newer browser available for free at http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/

38. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | 'Urgent Need To Cut Greenhouse Gases' The world must cut its emissions of greenhouse gases by more than half, says the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2349289.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Wednesday, 23 October, 2002, 01:07 GMT 02:07 UK 'Urgent need to cut greenhouse gases' Call comes on opening day of a climate conference By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment correspondent Developed countries must start working urgently towards massive cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases, says a UK environmentalist group. The call from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) comes on the opening day of a climate conference in the Indian capital Delhi. The conference brings together countries which have signed the Kyoto Protocol, the international agreement on tackling climate change. The RSPB says emissions cuts of 60% must be implemented by the middle of the 21st Century to slow down global warming. Developed countries have agreed so far to try to reduce greenhouse emissions to 5.2% below their 1990 levels. Respected The RSPB is respected for its work in the UK and abroad to conserve not only species but entire eco-systems, and the human societies that depend on them.

39. Carbon For Kids Helps kids learn about greenhouse gases and global warming. http://www.icbe.com/carbonforkids/

Carbon for Kids An educational venue for kids to learn about: - Greenhouse Gases - Global Warming 1 gallon of regular gasoline turns into 172 cubic feet / 4.87 cubic meters of CO 1 ton of CO easily fills up a 19,000 cubic feet / 556 cubic meters container. To sustain one person, the United States produces 20 tonne of CO per year. Every year, the United States produces enough CO to cover its entire land surface, including Alaska and Hawaii, with 1 foot of pure CO Basic Assumptions: Gasoline density is 2791 grams per gallon, containing 85.5% carbon by weight. Temperature = 25 degrees Celsius (room temperature) Pressure = 1 Atmosphere (sea level) Surface area of United States = 9,158,960 km² or 5,678,555 miles² For more CO facts, visit links below: CO Volume Calculations CO by population ... for American Cars To view movies about CO , open links below: Windows Media Platform Tree - carbon metabolism original Terrestrial sequestration by NASA original Antarctic by CNN Kilimanjaro losing snow by GSFC original High CO2 Supertyphoon Model by NOAA original Thermal view of hurricane Fabian by GSFC

40. Boston.com / News / Local / Mass. / State Aims To Cut Greenhouse Gases The Boston Globe. State aims to cut greenhouse gases. By Stephanie Ebbert, Globe Staff May 6, 2004. Governor Mitt Romney plans to http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/05/06/state_aims_to

Today's Globe Politics Opinion Magazine ... Mass. State aims to cut greenhouse gases May 6, 2004 Governor Mitt Romney plans to unveil a comprehensive agenda on climate change today, which officials said would make Massachusetts the first state to consider the impact on greenhouse gases when state regulators evaluate highway projects and other public construction plans. ADVERTISEMENT Massachusetts, which was the first state to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, would go further by basing its transportation planning and funding decisions in part on the greenhouse gases that projects would produce. The plan also suggests giving the owners of hybrid cars tax breaks and the right to use high-occupancy vehicle lanes even without passengers. The Massachusetts Climate Protection Plan represents the state's effort to meet regional emissions goals that New England's governors and Eastern Canada's premiers embraced in 2001. The plan was cheered by environmental groups, which had hoped for a strong signal that Romney would extend the previous administration's efforts to limit greenhouse gases. "Governor Romney is making it clear that he understands that failure to act on climate change is not an option," said Frank Gorke, of the Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group. "And that he understands that, to rise to the challenge of reducing pollution, states have to lead by example."

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