61. Dioxin Analysis By Xenobiotic Detections Systems, Inc. XDS s endocrine disruptors Assays. endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals affect normal hormone responses in both humans and wildlife. http://www.dioxins.com/pages/Endocrinepage.shtml

Xenobiotic Detection Systems, Inc About XDS Dioxin Toxicity Publications Glossary ... XDS's Endocrine Disruptors Assays Endocrine Disruptors Endocrine disrupting chemicals affect normal hormone responses in both humans and wildlife. Concern about these chemicals has increased worldwide as studies have suggested that these chemicals may be associated with global increases in testicular cancer, regional declines in sperm counts, altered sex ratios in wildlife populations, increases in the incidence of breast cancer and endometriosis, and accelerated puberty in females. Molecular mechanism of estrogen hormone action.

62. Www3.hmc.edu/~clewis/endocrine/intro.htm CfT and endocrine disruptorsendocrine disruptors, Risk assesssment, Biomarkers, Food Safety, Training and Education. What s CfT and endocrine disruptors. With http://www3.hmc.edu/~clewis/endocrine/intro.htm

63. Endocrine endocrine disruptors, Pesticides. Pesticides and their possible link to endocrine (hormone) disruptors have been in the news since http://www.pesticidesafety.uiuc.edu/newsletter/ipr8-96/endocrine.html

Endocrine Disruptors, Pesticides Pesticides and their possible link to endocrine (hormone) disruptors have been in the news since the book Our Stolen Future by Theo Colburn, John Peterson Myers, and Dianne Dumanoski was published. Vice President Al Gore has compared the book with Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, which warned against the threats posed by pesticides like DDT. Gore writes in the book's foreword: Our Stolen Future takes up where Carson left off and reviews a large and growing body of scientific evidence linking synthetic chemicals to aberrant sexual development and behavioral and reproductive problems." Research has suggested that the average male sperm count has plunged by almost a half in the past 50 years. Synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, plastics, detergents, and toiletries are suspected as interferring with the human hormone system. Skeptics question, however, why (if sperm counts are dropping) infertility rates have stayed fairly constant. John Peterson Myers states that "it's possible we're not only eroding our humanity but putting our species at risk of extinction," while Elizabeth M. Whelan, president of the American Council on Science and Health, says that "it's innuendo on top of hypothesis on top of theory." The debate will no doubt rage on well into the future. A study from Tulane University has added to the controversy. A report in the journal Science found that in some cases the combinations of chemicals would be additive. John McLachlan of Tulane University said, "We found in some cases that one plus one equals a thousand." Although chemicals in the environment are much less potent than natural estrogens, the effects of combinations of the compounds were 10 to 1,600 times more potent than the individual compounds in activating estrogen receptor-mediated transcription. Lynn Goldman, Chief of the USEPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances, said "The policy implications are enormous about how we screen environmental chemicals for estrogen effects." Goldman said the McLachlan study will have to be verified in other labs. Other scientists also said that the work will have to be double-checked by other researchers.

64. Endocrine Disruptors: Characteristics endocrine disruptors. What are endocrine disruptors? Environmental estrogens have been the focus of the majority of research on endocrine disruptors. http://www1.umn.edu/eoh/5103/endocrine/character.html

Endocrine Disruptors Characteristics Fate and Transport in the Environment Methods for Monitoring in the Environment Methods for Measuring Human ... 5103/5104 Home What are endocrine disruptors? The endocrine system is a complex communication system between chemical signals and their targets responsible for regulating internal functions of the body (for more info see http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookENDOCR.html). 1. By mimicking the sex steroid hormones estrogen and androgen by binding to their natural receptors either as agonists or antagonists. 2. By altering the synthesis and breakdown of natural hormones. 3. By modifying the production and functioning of hormone receptors. In general, compounds that mimic estrogens are termed environmental estrogens whereas compounds that block hormone action are termed anti-estrogens or anti-androgens (male sex hormone). Environmental estrogens have been the focus of the majority of research on endocrine disruptors. This includes, but is not limited to chemicals that mimic the female sex hormone estradiol-17b. Chemical structures of EDCs Interestingly, the chemical structures of natural hormones and environmental hormones are most often very different. It is not possible to determine whether a chemical is an endocrine disruptor or not by merely looking at its chemical structure. Because the structures of endocrine disruptors are so variable and unpredictable, they are sometimes synthesized unintentionally. A couple examples include the pesticide DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), both of which have estrogenic activity, but were originally synthesized for a completely unrelated purpose. The figure below demonstrates the structural diversity of chemicals in the environment reported to be estrogenic (1).

65. What Is An Endocrine Disruptor? endocrine disruptors cause birth defects, sexual abnormalities, and failure to reproduce properly. What are endocrine disruptors? http://www2.gol.com/users/bobkeim/pesticides/endo-disrupt.html

NI Global Issues for Learners of English Issues Pesticides Interview What are endocrine disruptors? Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that cause birth defects, sexual abnormalities, and failure to reproduce properly. The endocrine glands are important organs in the body, including the testes, the ovaries, the pancreas and the thyroid. These organs make hormones (chemical "messengers") that go through the bloodstream. Endocrine disruptors interfere with these hormones. They can do this in two ways: Endocrine disruptors can interfere with the hormones in the body that affect the development of young creatures: they can affect how babies develop in the womb they can affect how babies and young children develop after birth Endocrine disruptors can also change the way the bodies of adults act: they can make hormones become more or less active the body can mistake the endocrine disruptors for hormone Dioxin is a well-known example of an endocrine disruptor. DISRUPT (v) to make something not work properly: An endocrine DISRUPTOR makes the endocrine system not work properly.

66. Scientists Lose Sleep Over Endocrine Disruptors - 10/28/2000 - ENN.com Scientists know that endocrine disruptors enter the environment in a variety of ways. Scientists lose sleep over endocrine disruptors. http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2000/10/10282000/endodisrupt_39491.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Scientists lose sleep over endocrine disruptors Saturday, October 28, 2000 By Lucy Chubb Endocrine disruptors released into the environment include industrial effluent from sources such as paper mills. This mill is set on the Canadian side of St. Mary's River near Lake Huron. In the early 1980s, British scientists studying aquatic life in the Thames River system discovered several fish with a confusing gender issue. Some fish that were supposed to be male according to their genetic code had, in fact, developed as females. This hermaphroditic condition was traced back to environmental contaminants now known as endocrine disruptors Scientists are aware that endocrine disruptors enter the environment through a variety of means: household cleansers, plastic products, pesticides, agricultural sites and industrial effluent. The United States and certain countries in Europe are working on regulations to end the release of these harmful chemicals. But dedicated facilities are not in place for determining exactly which ones, where and in what concentration these chemicals are present.

67. Heavy Metal: Arsenic Is An Endocrine Disruptor - 3/5/2001 - ENN.com endocrine disruptors confuse the normal activity of hormones, which are critical to the proper growth, development and function of various tissues in wildlife http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/2001/03/03052001/arsenic_42327.asp

Site Index: Home News ENN Earthnews Affiliates News In-Depth Topics Interact Online Quizzes Postcards Marketplace Business Center Store Advanced Search Advertise Join ENN e-mail Subscription Take our Survey Affiliate Tech Center Post Press Release Help About ENN Site Map Heavy metal: Arsenic is an endocrine disruptor Monday, March 5, 2001 By Margot Higgins Researchers at Dartmouth College have discovered that arsenic may trigger endocrine disruption. Of the Environmental Protection Agency's hit list of the nation's most toxic chemicals, arsenic ranks first. Since ancient times, the chemical has been regarded as a poison of choice. Scientists recently discovered that low-dose exposure to arsenic may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, diabetes and vascular disease. A 1999 report by the National Academy of Sciences confirmed that arsenic in drinking water causes bladder, lung and skin cancer, and might cause kidney and liver cancer. Now a team of researchers at the Dartmouth Medical School has discovered that arsenic may play a role in endocrine disruption. The findings, published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, may offer important information on how arsenic causes a variety of the diseases to which it has been linked.

68. Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Environmental endocrine disruptors. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are one of several categories of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). http://www.envirofacs.org/eeds.htm

EnvirofACS American Chemical Society / Division of Environmental Chemistry Newsletter www.envirofacs.org Environmental Endocrine Disruptors Environmental Endocrine Disruptors (EEDs) are one of several categories of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Other categories include pharmaceuticals (such as diethylstilbestrol [DES]) and phytoestrogens (which occur naturally in certain foods such as soybeans, wheat, peas, etc.). EEDs are of interest to the Environmental Chemistry Division because they include a wide variety of pesticides, heavy metals, and certain industrial chemicals which are environmental pollutants. A list of 103 known and suspected EEDs was presented at the WTQA '97 symposium in July, 1997. This symposium, sponsored by the EPA and the Division of Environmental Chemistry, was one of a series of symposia focused on these important pollutants. Another symposium on this topic was held at the national ACS meeting in Boston, MA in August 1998. A third symposium was organized for the ACS National Meeting in San Francisco, CA in March 2000. In August 1999 at the American Chemical Society (ACS) 218th National Meeting in New Orleans, LA the Division of Environmental Chemistry held a major symposium on Analytical Challenges for Assessing Environmental Exposures to Children . The symposium was organized by Dr. Larry Needham, Chief of the Analytical Toxicology Branch at the National Center for Environmental Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and it was cosponsored by the ACS Committee on Environmental Improvement. Information from this symposium was abstracted from the Division's Preprints of Extended Abstracts and notes taken at the symposium. Endocrine disrupting chemicals were some of the topics of concern at this symposium.

69. Ific.org : Endocrine Disruptors: A False Alarm? (NewsBite) worldwide of altered endocrine function, such as lowered sperm counts and reproductive abnormalities caused by chemicals, termed endocrine disruptors. . http://ific.org/foodinsight/1997/so/endocrinenbfi597.cfm

Journalists Health/Nutrition/Agricultural Professionals Government Officials Educators ... About the List Fish are a good source of omega-3 fats. Learn more... Search Options Site Map IFIC.org ... September/October Endocrine Disruptors: A False Alarm? (NewsBite) Endocrine Disruptors: A False Alarm? Food Insight NewsBite September/October 1997 In response to one of the biggest health scares of the 1990s, last year federal legislators passed amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Food Quality Protection Act. The scare: Increased reports worldwide of altered endocrine function, such as lowered sperm counts and reproductive abnormalities caused by chemicals, termed "endocrine disruptors." One study that initiated the greatest concern was from Tulane University in 1996 that suggested a 1,600-fold increase in risk of endocrine disruption when relatively small amounts of chemicals were combined. But, as has become true with other alarming reports, this scare may not be real after all. In the July 25, 1997 issue of Science The scientific investigation continues. The EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee will still develop and implement a screening program for EPA to submit to Congress by August 1999, and the National Academy of Sciences' study is scheduled to be released the end of this year. According to Assistant EPA Administrator, Lynn Goldman, "The retraction does not eliminate the scientific basis for regulatory concern over endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Scientific and regulatory realities are not that simple." It appears that the endocrine disruptors scare may have just been the latest example of placing too much emphasis on one study.

70. UWM Marine & Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center Signal Transduction and endocrine disruptors. Endocrine pollutants are known to exert endocrinedisrupting effects on several axes http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/MFB/endocrine.html

Signal Transduction and Endocrine Disruptors Endocrine pollutants are known to exert endocrine-disrupting effects on several axes of animals, including reproduction and development. The Signal Transduction/Endocrine Disruptor (STED) Core has a goal of the elucidation of the molecular endocri ne pathways involved in environmental toxicant-induced effects on the physiology of aquatic species. The Core comprises multi- and interdisciplinary investigators involved in the following: Alkylphenols (e.g., nonylphenol) and xenoestrogenic activity in rainbow trout Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and modulation of thyroid hormone and estrogen biactivity Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists (e.g., dioxins) and modification of reproductive and developmental endpoints in aquatic species Use of biomarkers of estrogenic effects in zebrafish and other fishes Bioremediation of environmental pollutants Reinhold J. Hutz , Ph.D. (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), Deputy Director-MFB Sciences Center. http://www.uwm.edu/~rjhutz/

71. Environmental Health: Endocrine Disruptors Environmental Health endocrine disruptors. Canadian Environmental Corps offers PDF file on this subject. endocrine disruptors LowDose Peer Review. http://www.puredirectory.com/Science/Environment/Environmental-Health/Endocrine-

Environmental Health: Endocrine Disruptors Home Science Environment Environmental Health : Endocrine Disruptors Conferences google_ad_client = 'pub-3272565765518472';google_ad_width = 336;google_ad_height = 280;google_ad_format = '336x280_as';google_color_border = 'FFFFFF';google_color_bg = 'FFFFFF';google_ad_channel ='7485447737';google_alternate_color = 'FFFFFF';google_color_link = '0000FF';google_color_url = '008000';google_color_text = '000000'; Standard Listings Coalition Opposed to PCB Ash in Monroe County, Indiana Provides information concerning the problem related to PCB hazardous waste incinerator and landfill. Links to resources and research. Dioxin Facts Chlorine Chemistry Council provides information regarding dioxins, their release into the environment, and their effects on human health. Dioxin Threat A report on the technical and social implications of dioxin. Detection systems for estrogens and endocrine disrupters. Links to resources. Endocrine Disrupters From the Whyfiles, a study by the Environmental Protection Agency about synthetic chemicals causing hormone problems. Includes a look at the effe... Endocrine Disrupting Substances Fact sheets, research agenda, and action strategies from Environment Canada.

72. Science Search > Endocrine Disruptors 4. endocrine disruptors LowDose Peer Review Report evaluating the low dose effects and dose response relationships for endocrine disrupting chemicals in http://www.science-search.org/index/Environment/Environmental_Health/Endocrine_D

Search for: Current Category Everything What's new Top Searches Statistics Science News ... Home Current location: Environment Environmental Health > Endocrine Disruptors Coalition Opposed to PCB Ash in Monroe County, Indiana Provides information concerning the problem related to PCB hazardous waste incinerator and landfill. Links to resources and research. http://www.copa.org/ detailed information Rating: [6.00] Votes: [691] e.hormone: At the Cutting Edge of Endocrine Disruptor Research. Provide information about: upcoming conferences, the latest in research techniques and results, commentaries from distinguished scholars in t http://e.hormone.tulane.edu/ detailed information Rating: [6.00] Votes: [2000] Endocrine Disrupters: Are Synthetic Hormones Causing Environmental Chaos? Information from the Why Files about the endocrine system, effects of pesticides/PCBs/dioxins on wildlife and people, and pr http://whyfiles.org/045env_hormone/ detailed information Rating: [6.00] Votes: [1166] Endocrine Disruptors Low-Dose Peer Review Report evaluating the low dose effects and dose response relationships for endocrine disrupting chemicals in mammalian specie http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/htdocs/liason/LowDoseWebPage.html

73. CEHN: Endocrine Disruptors Fact Sheet Information on endocrine disruptors, from a Congressional briefing by the Children s Environmental Health Network, a national multidisciplinary project whose http://www.cehn.org/cehn/CongBriefEndo.html

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Fact sheet from a Congressional Briefing conducted by the Children's Environmental Health Network Over the last 50 years, there has been an enormous increase of man-made persistent chemicals in our environment. Many of them are biologically active. Many years ago, it was recognized that the persistent pesticide DDT was impairing the reproduction of birds, particularly large predator birds, including hawks and eagles. This recognition was brought to the public in Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring. It has been recently recognized, through the consistency of many lines of investigation, that many of these persistent chemicals disrupt the endocrine systems of a wide variety of animals and of humans. A recent National Academy of Sciences report identified 47 environmental chemicals as hormonally active. In 1995, the United Nations Environmental Programme reached international agreement on a list of 12 priority persistent organic pollutants to be removed from the global environment. Biology of Cells: It has been demonstrated by scientists who examine the function of cells in the body that these chemicals attach to proteins in cells known as "hormone receptors." Under usual conditions, these receptors attach to such hormones as the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, and allow them to complete their functions in regulating female (estrogen) and male (testosterone) functions. When hormonally-active chemicals attach to these receptors, they may mimic the normal hormone, increasing female or male functions, or they may block the normal function, resulting in decreased female or male functions.

74. US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening And Testing Advisory Committee Home Page An Water Act, which were passed in the summer of 1996, require that the Agency%%develop a screening and testing strategy for endocrine disruptors by August, 1998 http://www.cehn.org/cehn/resourceguide/ueedsae.html

US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee Home Page URL: http://www.epa.gov/ opptint r/opptendo/index.htm US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) is a committee formed by EPA under the Federal Advisory Committee Act to advise the Agency on the screening and testing of pesticides and chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system. Both the Food Quality Protection Act and the amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act, which were passed in the summer of 1996, require that the Agency:%%develop a screening and testing strategy for endocrine disruptors by August, 1998; implement screening and testing by August, 1999; and report progress to Congress by August, 2000. The EDSTAC Home Page provides some background information on environmental endocrine disruptors, the membership and activities of the Committee, and related international activities. It will provide the public with access to Committee meeting agendas, summaries of Committee meetings, and major briefing and working papers. All meetings of EDSTAC are open to the public and are being held in various locations around the country to encourage public access and involvement. Resource Guide Table of Contents Keyword Programmatic Activity Publications ... Links About Children's Environmental Health Involved Resource Guide Suggest ... Comments 9/27/97, Children's Environmental Health Network

75. Endocrine Disruptors State Activity Page ISSUE endocrine disruptors. As stated earlier, the specific modes of action, or how endocrine disruptors act to affect organisms, are not well established. http://www.serconline.org/endoDisrupt.html

Home State Info Innovative Legislation ISSUE: ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS Center for Bioenvironmental Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities: e.hormone Medical Research Council: Institute for Environment and Health: REDIPED (Relational Database of Information on Potential Endocrine Disrupters) Atrazine One known endocrine disruptor, atrazine, has been the subject of numerous studies documenting its effects on wildlife and humans. According to a press release issued on August 20, 2003 by the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): Even though atrazine has been banned in several European countries, the EPA has been reluctant to determine the full danger it presents. In another press release study file suit against the EPA in August 2003 for failing to consider the implications of atrazine on endangered wildlife. Background Decline in sperm quality Male reproductive abnormalities Early puberty Decline in neurological functions Cancers, including breast, endometrial, testicular, prostate, and thyroid

76. Science - Environment - Environmental Health - Endocrine Top Science Environment Environmental Health endocrine disruptors Conferences (1). e.hormone At the Cutting Edge of Endocrine Disruptor Research. http://www.sedirectory.net/Science/Environment/Environmental_Health/Endocrine_Di

Web Hosting Dir Web Design Dir Search Engine Dir Hardware Info ... Resources Search: Top Science Environment Environmental Health ... Conferences See also: Health: Conditions and Diseases: Cancer: Breast: Risks and Prevention Health: Conditions and Diseases: Endocrine Disorders Science: Agriculture: Pests and Diseases: Chemical Control Science: Biology: Ecology: Ecotoxicology ... Coalition Opposed to PCB Ash in Monroe County, Indiana - Provides information concerning the problem related to PCB hazardous waste incinerator and landfill. Links to resources and research. Dioxin Facts - Chlorine Chemistry Council provides information regarding dioxins, their release into the environment, and their effects on human health. The Dioxin Home Page - Personal home page by Lewis A. Shadoff, Ph.D., discusses dioxins, furans, and similar toxic substances, including what they are and where they are found. Dioxin Threat - A report on the technical and social implications of dioxin. e.hormone: At the Cutting Edge of Endocrine Disruptor Research. - Provide information about: upcoming conferences, the latest in research techniques and results, commentaries from distinguished scholars in the field, links to related news and stories. Endocrine Disrupters: Are Synthetic Hormones Causing Environmental Chaos?

77. Wiley::Environmental Endocrine Disruptors: A Handbook Of Property Data Wiley Chemistry Industrial Chemistry Occupational Environmental Health Environmental endocrine disruptors A Handbook of Property Data. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471191264.html

Shopping Cart My Account Help Contact Us By Keyword By Title By Author By ISBN By ISSN Wiley Chemistry Industrial Chemistry Environmental Endocrine Disruptors: A Handbook of Property Data Related Subjects Impact in Environmental Engineering Paints, Pigments, Coatings Toxicology Biotechnology ... Food Science Technology Related Titles More By This Author Chemical Protective Clothing Performance (Hardcover) Chemical Protective Clothing Performance Index, 2nd Edition (Hardcover) Environmental Endocrine Disruptors: A Handbook of Property Data (Software) Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, 2nd Edition (Hardcover) by William C. Hinds Emergency Responder Training Manual for the Hazardous Materials Technician, 2nd Edition (Hardcover) by Kenneth W. Oldfield, Dwight A. Veasey, Lisa Craft McCormick, Theodore H. Krayer, Lloyd Sam Hansen, Brooke N. Martin, Ervin Roy Stover Complying with TSCA Inventory Requirements: A Guide with Step-by-Step Processes for Chemical Manufacturers, Processors, and Importers (Hardcover) by Chan B. Thanawalla Values-Based Safety Process: Improving Your Safety Culture With Behavior-Based Safety, 2nd Edition (Hardcover)

78. Science, Environment, Environmental Health: Endocrine Disruptors endocrine disruptors are a broad term for chemical substances that may disrupt the hormonal systems of humans and wildlife by mimicking or blocking the action http://www.combose.com/Science/Environment/Environmental_Health/Endocrine_Disrup

Top Science Environment Environmental Health ... Conferences Related links of interest: Science:Agriculture:Pests and Diseases:Chemical Control Science:Biology:Ecology:Ecotoxicology Health:Conditions and Diseases:Endocrine Disorders Society:Issues:Environment:Health ... –ko-Recherche - Analyses of material flows of chemicals in the environment, including endocrine-disrupting industrial chemicals. Coalition Opposed to PCB Ash in Monroe County, Indiana - Provides information concerning the problem related to PCB hazardous waste incinerator and landfill. Links to resources and research. Dioxin Facts - Chlorine Chemistry Council provides information regarding dioxins, their release into the environment, and their effects on human health. Dioxin Threat - A report on the technical and social implications of dioxin. Endocrine Disrupters: Are Synthetic Hormones Causing Environmental Chaos? - Information from the Why Files about the endocrine system, effects of pesticides/PCBs/dioxins on wildlife and people, and prospects for action to resolve this concern. Endocrine Disrupting Substances in the Environment - Canadian Environmental Corps offers PDF file on this subject.

79. Sheldon Krimsky - Publications Selected Publications in endocrine disruptors. 7. endocrine disruptorsA controversy in science and policy Summary and research needs. http://www.tufts.edu/~skrimsky/endocrine.htm

SHELDON KRIMSKY Selected Publications in Endocrine Disruptors Please note: articles that are available in PDF format are marked with a PDF icon. An Epistemological Inquiry into the Endocrine Disruptor Hypothesis Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Endocrine disruptorsA controversy in science and policy: Summary and research needs Neurotoxicology 22:557-558 (October 2001). 6. Japanese edition of Hormonal Chaos 2001. Tokyo: Fujiwara Publishing Co. Hormone Disruptors: A Clue to Understanding the Environmental Causes of Disease Environment 43:22-31(June 2001). 4. The Environmental Endocrine Hypothesis and Public Policy. In: Illness and the Environment . S. Kroll-Smith, P. Brown and V.J. Gunter, eds. New York: New York University Press, 2000. Hormonal Chaos: The Scientific and Social Origins of the Environmental Endocrine Hypothesis Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. The Precautionary Approach 13(3):35-38(Fall 1998).

80. ICI - Sustainability Report 2003 - Current Agenda - Endocrine Disruptors endocrine disruptors. Sustainability. Chemical Management. Climate Change. endocrine disruptors. Land Legacy. Photo Chemical Ozone Formation. Renewable Resources. http://www.ici.com/icishe/2003/pages/approach/current_agenda/endocrine_disruptor

Endocrine Disruptors Substances that interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system leading to adverse effects are known as 'endocrine disrupters'. It has been suggested that exposure to very small amounts of certain chemical compounds, both natural and synthetic, may interfere with the way animals and people develop and reproduce. No conclusive evidence exists to support any link with effects on humans from endocrine disruptors however there are some recorded instances where unusually high exposures may have given rise to adverse endocrine-related effects on wildlife. Some researchers suspect that minute quantities of these endocrine disrupter chemicals - some used by industry - are finding their way into food and water. In fact many foods already contain much larger quantities of naturally occurring substances with similar properties, e.g. phytoestrogens in soya. The chemical industry is funding research and rigorous investigation of endocrine disrupters, which is being carried out by independent scientists in laboratories and institutions worldwide.

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