61. Bushmeat - Encyclopedia Article About Bushmeat. Free Access, No Registration Nee In the countries where the hunting occurs, orphaned apes (deemed too fragile to Koko(born July 4, 1971) is the name of a captive, enculturated gorilla trained http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Bushmeat

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Bushmeat Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Bushmeat (from the French French le français la langue française ) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered only by Spanish and Portuguese. French is the 11th most spoken language in the world, spoken by about 77 million people (called Francophones) as a mother tongue, and 128 million including second language speakers, in 1999. It is an official or administrative language in various communities and organizations (such as the European Union, IOC, United Nations and Universal Postal Union). Click the link for more information. "viande de brousse") hunting This article is about the hunting of prey by human society. For other uses of the word "hunting" see Hunting (disambiguation). Hunting is, in its most general sense, the pursuit of a target. It is most commonly applied to the practice of pursuing animals to capture or kill them for food, sport, or trade in their products. Beasts so hunted are referred to as game animals. Hunting is also done to control varmint populations or as wildlife management to reduce animal populations which have exceeded the capacity of their range or when individual animals have become a danger to humans.

62. Orangutan Foundation International - Citations And Articles Changes in deferred imitation of novel actions on objects were assessed over a2year period in two enculturated, juvenile great apes (one chimpanzee, Pan http://www.orangutan.org/links/reflinks.php?id=4

63. Apes & Monkeys to think inhumanlike ways; Since the apes housed at the Center have been foster-raisedby human caretakers, they are considered enculturated (as opposed to http://www.monkeymaddness.com/apes_monkeys/bbm5.htm

Bulletin Board Comments On: Prime Apes From: Brad on 02/12/98 FINALLY, WE HAVE OUR SANCTUARY HOME! After 3 years of searching over 150 properties in Florida, we've found our sanctuary location for orangutans and chimpanzees. We've had to consider many factors such as climate, surrounding development, landscape, and nearby veterinary facilities in order to locate a site where we could care for adult apes for the next 50 years. Our property is located in South Central Florida in Wauchula (near Sebring and Avon Park). It's 3 hours north of Miami, 11/2 hours south of Orlando, or 1 hour south of Tampa. It's a truly beautiful tropical forest setting very similar to the natural habitat of these apes in the wild. In addition to large oak trees, sweet gum, and southern maple, there are palm trees and banana trees... as well as citrus and exotic fruits growing on the site. A creek runs through the middle of the sanctuary, and there are two geodesic-dome buildings to house our office, staff, and visitors. An additional small cottage at the north end of the site will make a comfortable temporary home for students doing observational and behavioral research. (The property and structures have been purchased privately and are being donated to our 501 (c)(3) nonprofit sanctuary.) We received immediate approval from the county for zoning, and our next step is to build habitats and nighthouses for the apes. The challenge is to construct something which will meet all state and federal requirements for housing adult orangutans and chimpanzees as well as providing enriching habitats with large spaces for climbing and running..... and within a budget we can afford! We've had good advice from zoo personnel and private builders and we are very happy that Lundy Clarke of the engineering firm of CRA Clarke, Inc. has donated her expertise in design and planning.

64. SRB Review 9 (2) intent of communication, but that it does not necessarily demonstrate a cognitivedifference between apes, monkeys and other enculturated (home reared http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/srb/srb/mindful.html

Go to Semiotic Review of Books Home Page Go to SRB Highlights Go to SRB Archives SRB Highlights This review appeared in Volume 9 (2) of The Semiotic Review of Books. Mindful Apes by Anne Zeller Reaching Into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes. Ed. by. Anne E. Russon, Kim A. Bard and Sue Taylor Parker, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996. pp 464. ISBN 0521 47168 Chapter 4 compares aspects of social intelligence between apes and monkeys, in this case macaques. The research observes a particular level of social skill in post conflict situations, based on activities of a third party. The two third party behaviours investigated are third party mediated reconciliation and consolation of the loser. The varying levels of these behaviours seen between chimpanzees and macaques may partly rest on social constraints which in the more hierarchically organized macaques may interfere with loser support. In addition the argument is put forward that for chimpanzee consolation is really a more intellectually oriented event in that it involves the idea of comprehending the upset mental state of the recipient of consolation without sharing the emotion and thus becoming involved in the conflict. This ability differs from third party intervention, which is seen in macaques, because of the mental aspect of seeing yourself in another's situation. In conclusion Russon argued that the learning involved was not necessarily the main function of the imitation. Rather, by replicating non specific behaviour of favoured demonstrators, such as placing grave markers or sharpening blow gun darts they were participating in the demonstrators social circle. Interpersonal goals are seen in human infants who play peekaboo or replicate the posture and words of others. These interpersonal goals may well reflect the social bases which have been argued to underlay intellectual capabilities in apes. This level of understanding the possible goals of orangutans is quite different from the experimentally induced physically matched, goal directed behaviour regarded as true imitation in many lab situations.

65. S. Shanker | Department Of Philosophy - York University E. Sue SavageRumbaugh, Stuart G. Shanker, and Talbot J. Taylor, apes, Language and worldinto which the child is entering is a reflexively enculturated world. http://www.arts.yorku.ca/phil/faculty/shanker.html

S428 Ross Building 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Office Phone: (416) 736-5113 S. Shanker Position: Professor Room number: 207 Atkinson Phone: email address: shanker@yorku.ca Personal Homepage: Education: 1975: B.A. English Literature, University of Toronto 1977: B.A. Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, Oxford 1978: M.A. English Literature, University of Toronto 1981: B.Phil. Philosophy, Oxford 1984: D.Phil. Philosophy, Oxford. D. Phil thesis: 'Wittgenstein and the Turning Point in the Philosophy of Mathematics' Research Interests Ape Language, Origins of Language, Language Acuisition, Abnormal Language Development, Autism. Selected Bibliography 'Wittgenstein versus Quine on the Nature of Language and Cognition' , in Wittgenstein and Quine, R.L. Arrington and H.J. Glock (eds). London, Routledge, 1996. 'Descartes' Legacy: The Mechanist/Vitalist Debates', in Philosophy of Science, Logic, and Mathematics in the 20th Century, in Stuart Shanker (Ed), Routledge History of Philosophy, vol. IX. London, Routledge, 1997.

66. Josep Call Representing space and objects in monkeys and apes. Cognitive Science, 24, 397422. 59,771-785. Call, J. (2001). Body imitation in an enculturated orangutan. http://email.eva.mpg.de/~call/public.htm

Curriculum vitae Publications Publications Books Call, J. (1997). Primate cognition. New York: Oxford University Press. Papers and book chapters Call, J. Call Balaguer, J Call Balaguer, J. Alonso, C.S., Call, J. Villanueva, C., Balanzo, J., Espinos, J.C., Domenech, J.M., Sainz, S., Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. (1994). Social cognition of monkeys and apes. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 37, 273-305. Tomasello, M., Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. (1995). Why ask why? [Spanish]. Cognitiva ,7, 205-207. Call, J. Call, J. (1996) Tool-using and -making in primates. A multidisciplinary approach. [Spanish] In F. Colmenares (ed.). Etologia, psicologia comparada y comportamiento animal (pp. 483-514) Madrid: Sintesis. Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. Tomasello, M., Call, J. Tomasello, M., Call, J. Call, J. Call, J. Hare, B.H., Call, J. Tomasello, M., Call, J. Call, J. (1999). The effect of inter-opponent distance in the assessment of reconciliation. Primates, 40, 515-523. Call, J.

67. KLI Theory Lab - Authors - Jesse M. Bering in enculturated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animal Cognition 5 49—58. ethologyand sociobiology Povinelli, DJ/Bering, JM 2002. The mentality of apes http://www.kli.ac.at/theorylab/AuthPage/B/BERINGJesseM.html

Jesse M. Bering Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. e-mail Bering, J.M. 2002. ‘Ratcheting’ up the scalae naturae? Review of The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition by M. Tomasello Journal of Cognition and Culture Keywords: evolutionary psychology human cognition Bering, J.M. 2002. The existential theory of mind. Review of General Psychology Keywords: evolutionary psychology theory of mind Bjorklund, D.F./ Bering, J.M. 2002. Milestones in development. In Salkind/Margolis, Child Development, Vol. 1 Keywords: child development evolutionary psychology Bjorklund, D.F./Yunger, J.L./ Bering, J.M. /Ragan, P. 2002. The generalization of deferred imitation in enculturated chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes Animal Cognition Keywords: chimpanzees deferred imitation evolutionary psychology Povinelli, D.J. ... Bering, J.M. 2002. The mentality of apes revisited. Current Directions in Psychological Science Keyword: evolutionary psychology Bering, J.M. 2001. Are chimpanzees `mere' existentialists? A phylogenetic approach to religious origins. Evolution and Cognition Keywords: chimpanzees evolutionary psychology origin of religion Bering, J.M.

68. Great Apes (Pongidae) - MavicaNET http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/nor/21749.html

selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site"; STELLA ART GALLERY Andy Warhol Tom Wesselmann Jean-Michel Basquiat MavicaNET - Flerspråklig Søkekatalog MavicaNet Lite - Light version Katalog Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Natur Liv Animals (Animalia) Mammals (Mammalia) ... Primates (Primates): taxonomy Great Apes (Pongidae) This category is not edited. Ever thought of becoming an editor Sider Sister categories ... Avahi, Sifakas, and Indri (Ind... Dwarf Lemurs and Mouse Lemurs ... Enculturated Apes Gibbons, or Lesser Apes (Hylob... Lemurs (Lemuridae) Lorises, Pottos, and Galagos (... Marmosets, or Tamarins (Callit... New World Monkeys (Cebidae) Old World Monkeys (Cercopithec... People, or Human Beings (Homin... Primates (Primates): taxonomy Primatology Sportive Lemurs, or Weasel Lem... Chimpanzees (Pan) Orangutans (Pongo) Gorillas (Gorilla) Sider No filters selected ...

69. All.info: Science And Health / Biology / Apes / You are in Science and Health / Biology / apes /. http://all.info/directory/Science_and_Health/Biology/Apes/

Search Directory: You are in: Science and Health Biology Apes Suggested Categories: Society and Social Sciences > Anthropology > Enculturated Apes Science and Health > Biology > Apes Science and Health > Biology > Zoology > Apes Recreation and Entertainment > Music > A-Z Bands-Artists List > Guano Apes ... Primate Handedness and Brain Lateralization Infomation on East African primates, handedness, and brain lateralization. Site author: Dr. M.K. Holder, Indiana University, USA. Site produced by: a Scientist/Researcher from an Educational Organization Site contains: Academic Content http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/ Gibbon Conservation Center The Gibbon Conservation Center, formerly International Center for Gibbon Studies, founded in 1977 in southern California, is the only facility in the world devoted exclusively to the propagation, protection and betterment of the endangered small ape, the gibbon. http://www.gibboncenter.org/ Primate Info Net An information resource for primatologists, with access to web sites on research, conservation and education in the field of primatology, including newsletters and journals, audiovisual resources, and veterinary resources. Site produced by: a Research Institution Site contains: Academic Content http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/idp/

70. Jim Davies: Primatech please contact Jim Davies (jim@jimdavies.org). Web links for enculturatedand signing apes; Online American Sign Language Dictionary; http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/perception/projects/primatech/

Primatech The goal of this project is to create an installation that simulates talking to a sign-language using orangutan. Please read the The June 1999 report and look at the diagram for a good overview. If you would like to contribute to this project, please contact Jim Davies (jim@jimdavies.org) Web links for enculturated and signing apes Online American Sign Language Dictionary Papers The seed grant proposal submitted 6/98, also available in text form. June 1999 report Talks Presentation to the Computational Perception Lab 9/29/1998 Brownbag for Cognitive Science on 2/12/99 Brownbag for GVU 9-30-1999: "Primatech: Models and future directions." (abstract) Projects for undergrads and new grad students (7100, UROC, etc.) Path Planning and Collision Avoidance of Two Limbs Animating American Sign Language Undergrad project description on UROC Contributers to the project Jim Davies, jim@jimdavies.org (cognitive modeling) Lyn Miles, lmiles@cecasun.utc.edu (language training) Tim Keenan, tk@cc.gatech.edu (graphics)

71. ApeNet ApeNet is helping to establish worldwide preserves to provide permanent homes forenculturated great apes, ie, apes raised in human settings who have learned http://www.apenet.org/preserves.html

About Us INTER-SPECIES COMMUNICATION via the Internet ... Contact Us ApeNet Co-Founders: Peter Gabriel (L) Steve Woodruff (R) The ApeNet Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) Georgia corporation. Great Ape Preserves ApeNet is helping to establish worldwide preserves to provide permanent homes for enculturated great apes, i.e., apes raised in human settings who have learned to communicate with symbols, such as the gorilla Koko and orangutan Chantek. These apes use sign language, make tools, and make necklaces, paintings and other cultural artifacts. Too often enculturated great apes have not been protected, and some have been placed in zoos or used in biomedical research. The naturalistic preserves would continue to steep the apes in both great ape culture, and human culture and symbols, to provide a bridge for inter-species communication. A key concept is providing the apes expanded agency and choice and cultural surroundings for their enriched care, as they make tools, arts and crafts, and use sign language. The Maui Ape Preserve (MAP), to be established in conjunction with the University of Hawaii, is the first preserve to be supported by ApeNet, creating a global center for inter-species communication, research, education, and conservation, while raising the standard for captive care.

72. Community Education - University Of Canterbury Can apes Ape? This session outlines research into imitation in juvenile enculturatedchimpanzees and orangutansanimals raised since infancy much as human http://www.cont.canterbury.ac.nz/new/community-education/course.php?course=YCO25

73. Orangutan Foundation International - Citations And Articles Chantek The Language Ability of an enculturated Orangutan. International conferenceon orangutans The Neglected Ape, Fullerton, California State University. http://www.orangutan.org/links/reflinks.php?id=5

74. Wishbone Search | For Everything You Wish For And More... Language in Child and Chimp? General commentary on ape language with transcriptsof chats with apes and interviews with ape language researchers. http://directory.wishbone.com/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Enculturated_

Top Science Social Sciences Anthropology : Enculturated Apes See also: Top: Science: Biology: Zoology: Chordates: Mammals: Primates Top: Society: Issues: Animal Welfare: Specific Animals: Primates Language Research Center Primate research center studying language acquisition through work with bonobos and chimpanzees. Features a list of publications and ape biographies. The Primatech Project A cognitive model of Chantek, a signing orangutan, for an installation at Zoo Atlanta. Chimpanzee and Great Ape Language Resources Includes links, online texts, and ape images. At the Anthropology Department, Brown University A pioneering language project with female chimpanzee Washoe. The Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute This institute at Central Washington University cares for five chimpanzees who are being taught American Sign Language. Koko the Gorilla The Gorilla Foundation brings interspecies communication to the public through Koko, famous for her sign language skills. Language in Child and Chimp? General commentary on ape language with transcripts of chats with apes and interviews with ape language researchers. ChimpanZoo This Jane Goodall Institute sponsored program for research, enrichment and education, of and for captive chimpanzees, is in Arizona.

75. Studies Of Animal Cognition 1993) Imitative learning of actions on objects by children, chimpanzees, and enculturatedchimpanzees. In Language and intelligence in monkeys and apes, eds http://www2.canisius.edu/~gallaghr/animals.html

STUDIES OF ANIMAL COGNITION Return to Index Adams-Curtis, L.E. (1987) Social context of manipulative behaviour in Cebus apella. American Journal of Primatology 12:325. Allen, C., " Animal cognition and animal minds Allen, C., and Bekoff, M. (1997) Species of Mind . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Anderson, J. R. (1983) Responses to mirror image stimulation and assessment of self-recognition in mirror- and peer-reared stumptail macaques. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 35(b):201-212. Beck, B.B. (1976) Tool use by captive pigtaied monkeys. Primates 17:301-310. Beckoff, M., and D. Jameison. (1996). Readings in Animal Cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Bennett, J. (1988). Thoughtful brutes. Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 62: 196 - 211. Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. University of Chicago Press. Chalmers, David. 1999. Bibliography on Animal cognition Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M. (1980) Vocal recognition in free-ranging vervet monkeys. Animal Behaviour 288:362-367. Dasser, V. (1988) A social concept in Java monkeys. Animal Behaviour 36:225-230.

76. Animal Learning, Language, And Cognition is a twentytwo year old male orangutan who was cross-fostered, enculturated andtaught to foster the development of orangutan and other great ape persons in a http://www.psyking.net/id31_m.htm

77. Energy Independence Is The Key To US Independence From Foreign Energy Science Resource Directory Focusingon Fuel Cells © 2002, air.xq23.com. http://www.air.xq23.com/energy_science_resources/

78. Chinese : A Simple Word, Yet A Complex Cultural Web. Is There More? You Bet. Som Chinese A simple word, yet a complex cultural web.Is there more? You bet. Some starting points. http://databank.oxydex.com/compendium_bibliographium/world_cultures_arts/Chinese

Chinese : A simple word, yet a complex cultural web. Is there more? You bet. Some starting points. Highly Recommended Resources Hand Picked to save you valuable searching time. welcome (C) 2000 Omegapoint Network Enterprises "The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible." - Albert Einstein More Einstein Quotes bookmark this page for easy return ... you just might think of something later. Informatorium recommendations listed below: Books Search Results: 9683 total matches for "Chinese" The most popular are: The Wisdom of the Chinese Kitchen : Classic Family Recipes for Celebration and Healing by Grace Young, Alan Richardson (Photographer) (Hardcover - May 1999) Our Price: / Average Customer Review: Concise English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary (Paperback - July 1999) Our Price: / Average Customer Review: Betty Crocker's New Chinese Cookbook : Recipes by Leeann Chin by Leeann Chin(Designer) (Hardcover - May 1990) Our Price: / Average Customer Review: Full results: Items of 9683 are shown below.

79. Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology Anthropology is the comparative studyof humankind. To the nonexpert, it may appear to contain a......Search Category http://www.science-and-research.com/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/

Search: Category Description: Anthropology expertise in all the disciplines, most anthropologists still hold that some familiarity with "the four fields" (archaeology, bioanthropology, linguistics, and socioanthropology) is necessary to their work, and that cross-fertilization between the disciplines still benefits anthropology as a science. Science Anthropology Anthropologists Anthropology Departments Applied Anthropology Biological Anthropology ... Anthropological Center for Training A training and research center at Indiana University Bloomington on the human dimensions of global environment change. URL: http://www.indiana.edu/~act/ The Big Picture Nationally syndicated anthropological radio show on public radio that takes a lighthearted look at everyday life across time and cultures. Includes station locator and sample programs. URL: http://bruceandmelissa.com/ Human Resource Area Files Inc. A non-profit consortium of schools and research institutions collecting and compiling information to facilitate cross-cultural studies in ethnography and archaeology. Features list of publications and subscription information. URL: http://www.yale.edu/hraf

80. DIRECTORY.SCREENPHONE.NET - Info Booth/Science/Social Sciences DIRECTORY.SCREENPHONE.NET Info Booth/Science/Social Sciences/Anthropology/EnculturatedApes. Search for Search through Entire site. http://directory.screenphone.net/Info_Booth/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology

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