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selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site"; STELLA ART GALLERY Andy Warhol Tom Wesselmann Jean-Michel Basquiat MavicaNET - Flerspråklig Søkekatalog MavicaNet Lite - Light version Katalog Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Natur Liv Animals (Animalia) Animal Behavior ... Primates (Primates) Enculturated Apes This category is not edited. Ever thought of becoming an editor Sider Sister categories ... Avahi, Sifakas, and Indri (Ind... Behaviorism Dwarf Lemurs and Mouse Lemurs ... Ethology Gibbons, or Lesser Apes (Hylob... Great Apes (Pongidae) Lemurs (Lemuridae) Lorises, Pottos, and Galagos (... Marmosets, or Tamarins (Callit... New World Monkeys (Cebidae) Old World Monkeys (Cercopithec... People, or Human Beings (Homin... Primates (Primates): taxonomy Primatology Sociobiology Sportive Lemurs, or Weasel Lem...

2. Miles 1994 "Ape Language" Studies And The Study Of Human Language Origins. If the linguistic and cognitive abilities of enculturated apes can be only matched by late hominids Later hominids were like modern enculturated apes. In the upper Paleolithic, they http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/summaries/miles1994.html

CogSci Summaries home UP email Hominid Culture in Primate Perspective Author of the summary: Jim Davies, 1998, jim@jimdavies.org Cite this paper for: Signing apes achieve vocabularies of three year olds. (258) General ape language like 2 year old humans, other cognition like 3-4 year olds. (269) In a typical day Chantek uses about 50 signs.(258) Attempts to get apes to speak met with failure. (260) All signing apes have the ability to create signs. (262) Some apes sign to themselves when nobody else is around. (266) All of the apes produce sign combinations that they have not heard before. This paper describes what apes can do with language and talks about what that might tell us about our evolutionary ancestors' abilities. p253: Studies of ape language use sheds light on early hominid language use. It suggests that they had: ÝA flexible, basic semantic communications system with moderate levels of reference low levels of perspective-taking, imitation and sequential organization and protosyntax Grammar may have come later in the evolutionary process.

3. UTC Professor Meets McCartney is environmentally savvy and interested in the Great Apes. Before Paul McCartney performed in Atlanta center where Chantek and other enculturated apes would reside, and use tools http://www.utc.edu/homenews/beatle.html

Dr. Lyn Miles, seated, with Paul McCartney, right. Professor Meets Beatle Miles is also president of the Chantek Foundation, named in honor of the orangutan Miles raised as "my cross-foster son on the UTC campus, beginning in 1978." The goal of the foundation is to create a culture and conservation center where Chantek and other enculturated apes would reside, and use tools, computers, art and sign language. "The Community Foundation of Chattanooga can receive tax-exempt donations to the Chantek Foundation, while its nonprofit status is pending," Miles said. Chantek currently resides at Zoo Atlanta, where Miles serves as a senior research fellow. "When I met McCartney, I presented him with a cocoa bean rattle assembled by Chantek who uses it in his music and art studies with me. I also presented Ms. Mills with a found art assemblage, a brass and wood macramé wall hanging, constructed by Chantek," Miles said. ‘During the first encore, McCartney pointed to our group and said ‘this one’s for you,’ and he and his band members walked around the stage like monkeys!" Miles said.

4. THE CHANTEK FOUNDATION build a Primate Cultural Center Sanctuary, where enculturated apes like Chantek will live in culturebased convinced of the personhood of enculturated apes and seeks to, one day http://www.chantek.org/

The Chantek Foundation Home of Chantek, the First Orangutan Person and Ambassador of the Rain Forest CHANTEK FOUNDATION MISSION STATEMENT Dr. Miles presents a cocoa bean rattle instrument he constructed to Sir Paul McCartney and a found art assemblage he created to Heather Mills. Chantek Foundation Mission Statement The mission of the Chantek Foundation is to develop greater scientific understanding of orangutans; to support cultural and language research with Chantek, and other orangutans; to foster greater understanding of great apes as persons; to promote orangutan conservation through awareness of great ape intelligence; to establish culture-based sanctuaries for great apes; and to foster education about building a bridge between humans and great apes. Communication - To create a communication bridge to the orangutan mind by supporting language and enculturation research with Chantek, and other enculturated great apes; and to cooperate with ApeNet, Inc. in the establishment of the first interspecies internet communication Cognition - To understand orangutan intelligence and other abilities; and to explore the evolution of a symbolic capacity in human and nonhuman primates

5. Enculturated Apes Innovations And Patents enculturated apes Innovations and Patents. © 2002 Dialysis. More informationon enculturated apes and enculturated apes Research References. http://www.air.xq23.com/energy_science_resources/Enculturated_Apes.html

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selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site"; STELLA ART GALLERY Andy Warhol Tom Wesselmann Jean-Michel Basquiat MavicaNET - Paljukeeleline Otsikataloog MavicaNet Lite - Light version Kataloog Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Loodus Elu Animals (Animalia) Animal Behavior ... Primates (Primates) Enculturated Apes This category is not edited. Ever thought of becoming an editor Sites Sister categories ... Avahi, Sifakas, and Indri (Ind... Behaviorism Dwarf Lemurs and Mouse Lemurs ... Ethology Gibbons, or Lesser Apes (Hylob... Great Apes (Pongidae) Lemurs (Lemuridae) Lorises, Pottos, and Galagos (... Marmosets, or Tamarins (Callit... New World Monkeys (Cebidae) Old World Monkeys (Cercopithec... People, or Human Beings (Homin... Primates (Primates): taxonomy Primatology Sociobiology Sportive Lemurs, or Weasel Lem...

7. The Chantek Foundation - Primate Cultural Center the Center as a biopark cultural center where enculturated apes such as Chantek can use symbols, tools, and advocates that Chantek, and all enculturated apes, should be seen as true http://www.adfdesign.com/test2/center.html

Home Mission Statement Project Chantek Dr. H. Lyn Miles ... Links PRIMATE CULTURAL CENTER Dr. Miles and the Chantek Foundation have a vision of the future . . . where great apes in captivity can live in comfortable surroundings, can make choices in their daily lives about their activities, and can engage in meaningful, interesting work whenever they choose. We call this vision The Primate Cultural Center. Dr. Miles envisions the Center as a biopark cultural center where enculturated apes such as Chantek can use symbols, tools, and computers while living freer and more interesting lives in culture-bearing communities. Great apes in the Cultural Center will be residents, and the activities they perform will replicate the mental challenges they would face in natural settings. Most captive primate habitats attempt to replicate some of the natural physical surroundings, but leave the mental challenges as secondary. The Primate Cultural Center will place mental activities at the core. Researchers, and visitors, will observe cultural processes in the enculturated and dual-cultured communities of great apes. This will be the first Center in the world with such a focus. A key concept is agency.

8. All.info: Society And Social Sciences / Anthropology / Enculturated Apes / You are in Society and Social Sciences / Anthropology / enculturated apes/. Suggested Categories Society and Social Sciences Anthropology http://all.info/directory/Society_and_Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Enculturated_

Search Directory: You are in: Society and Social Sciences Anthropology Enculturated Apes Suggested Categories: Society and Social Sciences > Anthropology > Enculturated Apes Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute Friends of Washoe is a Sanctuary for chimpanzees. Site produced by: a Professional from an Educational Organization http://www.cwu.edu/~cwuchci/ Gorilla Foundation - Koko the Gorilla Gorilla Foundation - Koko the Gorilla Search Koko.org A b o u t U s KokoPix Photo-of-the-Day Vertical leap R e s e a r c h Penny's Journal Interspecies Communication Koko, What Do You Want for Your Birthday? M a u i A p e P r e s... http://www.koko.org/ AnimalNews.com 404-Page Not Found Error AnimalNews.com 404-Page Not Found Error November 03 Oops ! You have reached a page which no longer exists in Animal News We have changed our site! You have reached a page which no longer exists on AnimalNews.com Until our pages... http://www.animalnews.com/fouts/ Section of Language and Intelligence Section of Language and Intelligence Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Section of Language and Intelligence Last Up Date: September 2001 Japanese Welcome to the Home Page of... http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/koudou-shinkei/shikou/

9. The Chantek Foundation - Mission Statment research with Chantek, and other enculturated great apes; and to cooperate with ApeNet, Inc Primate Cultural Center Sanctuary, where enculturated apes like Chantek will live in http://www.adfdesign.com/test2/mission.html

Home Mission Statement Project Chantek Dr. H. Lyn Miles ... Links Chantek Foundation Mission Statement: The mission of the Chantek Foundation is to develop greater scientific understanding of orangutans; to support cultural and language research with Chantek, and other orangutans; to foster greater understanding of great apes as persons; to promote orangutan conservation through awareness of great ape intelligence; to establish culture-based sanctuaries for great apes; and to foster education about building a bridge between humans and great apes. Picture N/A Insert Pic here! Dr. Miles presents a cocoa bean rattle instrument he constructed to Sir Paul McCartney and a found art assemblage he created to Heather Mills. Communication - To create a communication bridge to the orangutan mind by supporting language and enculturation research with Chantek, and other enculturated great apes; and to cooperate with ApeNet, Inc. in the establishment of the first interspecies internet communication Cognition - To understand orangutan intelligence and other abilities; and to explore the evolution of a symbolic capacity in human and nonhuman primates

10. Allzone Science/Social Sciences/Anthropology/Enculturated Apes Language in Apes How Much Do They Know and How Much Should We Teach Them Introductoryoverview of ape language research, its history and its practice. http://dir.allzone.com/Science/Social_Sciences/Anthropology/Enculturated_Apes/

11. Boesch & Tomasello: Chimpanzee And Human Cultures reared captive chimpanzees and bonobos, enculturated chimpanzees and bonobos (raised in human the novel actions, while the enculturated apes and the children imitatively learned http://www.cogweb.ucla.edu/Abstracts/Boesch_Tomasello_98.html

Christophe Boesch and Michael Tomasello Chimpanzee and Human Cultures Current Anthropology 39.5 (Dec, 1998): 591- Abstract: The differences in cultural evolution between humans and chimpanzees can be primarily attributed to two factors. Humans possess a more complex language, allowing cultural dissemination to take place over greater lengths of time and spatiality. Human culture also incorporates the ratchet effect, permitting cumulative modifications to occur that create increasingly elaborate cultural practices. Full text Peer commentary Authors' reply Other works by Boesch ... Return to CogWeb's Evolutionary Psychology page Christophe Boesch and Michael Tomasello Chimpanzee and Human Cultures Current Anthropology 39.5 (Dec, 1998): 591- Our central theoretical point in this paper is that culture is not monolithic. We begin with an evolutionary perspective on patterns of cultural behavior in different chimpanzee communities in the wild, detailing some of the population-specific behaviors known in this species. We proceed to show that in general within one population there are many possible social conditions and lines of dissemination through which individuals may be exposed to particular behavioral practices within communities. We then show that there are many different types of social learning processes by means of which individuals may acquire these behavioral practices, and these different learning processes lead to cultural traditions with different properties over time. In this context we introduce some recent research on the social learning of captive chimpanzees. We conclude with an explicit comparison of chimpanzee and human cultures.

12. FUNKNET Archives -- December 2002 Feral children and enculturated apes Re Feral children and enculturatedapes (64 lines) From Steve Long Salinas17@AOL.COM ; Re http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A1=ind0212&L=funknet

13. The Emergence Of A New Paradigm In Ape Language Research system, communication, whether between cells, mammals, apes, or humans, is said to occur when on the question of whether enculturated apes communicative behaviors can be compared http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Shanker/Referees

To be published in Behavioral and Brain Sciences (in press) Below is the unedited, uncorrected final draft of a BBS target article that has been accepted for publication. This preprint has been prepared for potential commentators who wish to nominate themselves for formal commentary invitation. Please DO NOT write a commentary until you receive a formal invitation. If you are invited to submit a commentary, a copyedited, corrected version of this paper will be posted. The Emergence of a New Paradigm in Ape Language Research Stuart Shanker a and Barbara J. King b a Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, York University, North York, Ont M3J 1P3, Canada and b Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 shanker@yorku.ca Short Abstract We argue for a shift from the information-processing model that has hitherto dominated ape language research, to a dynamic systems paradigm, which places the emphasis on the dyad rather than the isolated individual; which sees ape communications with lexigrams as a co-regulated process, rather than a linear and discrete sequence; which focuses on the variability and creativity of ape communicative behaviors; and which is better able to account for both the complexity and the developmental character of ape comprehension of spoken English and mastery of lexigrams. Long Abstract Keywords: dynamic systems; co-regulation; apes; language development; ape language research

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16. Exam 2 Review Learning. enculturated apes language. Eras Paleozoic, Mesozoic,. Cenozoic. Epochs. TF enculturated apes do not show any signs of actually learning language. http://weber.ucsd.edu/~hpoje/mcc_review.htm

REVIEW SHEET WORKSHEET WORKSHEET ANSWERS ANTH 101: Exam 2 review This is a partial list of terms for this section of the course. You should understand not only what the term means but the concept behind it. You are responsible for all lecture material and readings, but you can use this list as a guide to the major topics for this section. Prosimians Anthropoids Platyrrhines Cebids Callitrichids Catarrhines Cercopithecines Colobines Hominoids Grooming claw Dental comb Postorbital bar Postorbital closure Quadrupedal Quadrumanous Bipedal Knuckle-walking Brachiation Insectivore Frugivore Folivore Omnivore Gummivore Nocturnal Diurnal Cathemeral Crepuscular Niche Solitary/ Dispersed Polygamous Polyandrous Polygynous Multi-male, multi-female Monogamous Costs/ benefits of sociality Fission/ Fusion Baboon/ macaque vs. Chimp/ bonobo Philopatric Natal group Matrilineal groups Dominance hierarchies Alpha male or female Affiliative Agonistic Coalitions Agonistic buffering Display Displacement Grooming Allomothering Mating strategies: Opportunistic Mate guarding Consort Territory Home range Core area Anthropomorphism Ad lib data Focal animal sampling Scan sampling Habituation Ethogram Threats to primates in the wild Inclusive fitness Altruism Kin selection Reciprocal altruism Sexual selection Sexual dimorphism Intrasexual competition Intersexual choice Parental investment r-strategy K-strategy Reproductive potential Absolute vs. relative brain size

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19. Primate.cognition The course will focus on three types of primates (i) monkeys, (ii) apes,and (iii) enculturated apes . Both naturalistic and experimental http://wings.buffalo.edu/cogsci/Activities/FISI/FISIcourses/primate_cognition.ht

Center for Cognitive Science The Puzzle of the Mind First International Summer Institute in Cognitive Science (FISI-CS) .29 Primate Cognition Home Academic Programs Activities and Events Facilities ... FISI Participants Instructor: Michael Tomasello Time: MWF 9:00-10:40 A.M. Description: This course is designed to acquaint cognitive scientists with the basic theoretical approaches and empirical findings of research into nonhuman primate cognition. In the past 15 years, many new facts have been discovered about the cognitive abilities of nonhuman primates, especially monkeys and apes. These new facts have come from detailed field studies, from experimental work with captive animals, and from research with apes who have been raised in human-like cultural environments with exposure to cultural artifacts such as tools and language. Many of the new findings have come as a result of the discovery that most of the intellectual resources of primates are used to deal not with the physical environment, but with the social environment. The course will focus on three types of primates: (i) monkeys, (ii) apes, and (iii) "enculturated apes". Both naturalistic and experimental work will be reviewed, and cross-species comparisons will be emphasized. In terms of content, the focus will be on two main sets of issues:

20. American Scientist Online - Ape Abilities research by Alan and Beatrix Gardner, Francine G. Penny Patterson and others onthe use of American Sign Language in enculturated apes produced interesting http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/31355;_BgSiIq1G

Home Current Issue Archives Bookshelf ... Subscribe In This Section Reviewed in This Issue Book Reviews by Issue New Books Received Publishers' Directory ... Virtual Bookshelf Archive Site Search Advanced Search Visitor Login Username Password Help with login Forgot your password? Change your username see list of all reviews from this issue: March-April 2004 BEHAVIOR Ape Abilities Nathan J. Emery Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings . Duane M. Rumbaugh and David A. Washburn. xvii + 326 pp. Yale University Press, 2003. $35. Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings, by Duane M. Rumbaugh and David A. Washburn. click for full image and caption Two married couples who were, roughly, contemporaries of Yerkes and Köhler—Keith and Kathy Hayes, and Winthrop and Luella Kellogg—attempted to understand whether chimpanzees could learn to produce and use human language. These studies were doomed to failure because of their focus on testing whether chimpanzees' understanding and use of language was vocally based. Later research by Alan and Beatrix Gardner, Francine G. "Penny" Patterson and others on the use of American Sign Language in enculturated apes produced interesting results but did not get at the important aspects of human language: grammar, syntax and creativity. To do that, a new way of thinking about and testing apes' appreciation of language was needed.

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