1. The CAS Echinoderm Web Page Abstracts from the Ninth International Echinoderm Conference, with links to other echinodermata resources. http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/

Introduction to the Echinodermata The Echinodermata is a phylum of exclusively marine invertebrates with a fossil record extending back to the Precambrian. The echinoderm clade is supported by a number of unique features, including a water vascular system a system of endoskeletal elements (arising from mesoderm) composed of a calcareous meshwork called stereom basic 5-part symmetry (often modified later in ontogeny) expressed in the development of 5 primary lobes in the hydrocoel of the rudiment construction of ambulacra by the addition of new plates adjacent to the terminal (or ocular) plate that marks the ends of the radial canals a diffuse sub-epithelial nervous system Other Echinoderm Resources Summary and Taxonomy of the Echinodermata Links to other Echinoderm web resources and Echinoderm research links Links to other Invertebrate Zoology and Paleontology resources Echinoderm Research at the California Academy of Sciences Dr. Rich Mooi Researches the phylogenetic systematics of the Echinodermata, but particularly in echinoids. Cataloged Echinoderm Holdings at the California Academy of Sciences Link to IZ Type Catalog (Gopher) The Echinoderm Collection The CAS Invertebrate Zoology and Geology Research Collection focuses on material collected primarily from the East and Indo-Pacific. Holdings are strongest in asteroids, ophiuroids and echinoids from the Northwest Pacific, especially the California coast. Shallow water and deep-sea recent material is represented and there is also a substantial number of fossil echinoderm specimens.

2. Morphology Of Echinodermata generally poorly developed in echinoderms. Source Hyman, LH 1955. TheInvertebrates. Volume IV echinodermata. McGrawHill, New York. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinomm.html

Echinodermata : Morphology Echinoderms have been compared to living, moving castles. Castles are made of interlocking blocks, with a single main entrance and numerous slit windows for air and for defense. Echinoderm skeletons are made up of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines. This skeleton is enclosed by the epidermis and is thus an endoskeleton. In some, such as sea urchins, the plates fit together tightly. In others, such as starfish, the plates are more loosely bound, and in sea cucumbers the plates are usually microscopic. But whatever their shape, the plates of echinoderms have a very typical microstructure: electron microscopy reveals them to be, not solid blocks, but fine networks of calcium carbonate forming a structure known as stereom . Each skeletal element of an echinoderm is actually a single crystal of calcium carbonate, very finely branched and structured. Click on this image of a sea urchin plate to view the entire image! Image taken by the UCMP Environmental Scanning Electrom Microscope Between the skeletal plates, a number of special structures protrude, with which the echinoderm breathes, moves, and defends itself. Typically, these are tube feet, pedicellaria, and gills. All echinoderms have a

3. Introduction To The Echinodermata Introduction to the echinodermata. . . . from starfish to sea cucumbers.. . Click on the buttons below to find out more about the echinodermata. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinodermata.html

Introduction to the Echinodermata . . . from starfish to sea cucumbers. . . A nyone who has been to the beach has probably seen starfish or sand dollars. The more intrepid beachcomber may find brittle stars sea cucumbers , or sea urchins. These and many other organisms, living and extinct, make up the Echinodermata, the largest phylum to lack any freshwater or land representatives. Most living echinoderms, like this sand dollar from Baja California, are pentameral ; that is, they have fivefold symmetry, with rays or arms in fives or multiples of five. However, a number of fossil echinoderms were not pentameral at all, and some had downright bizarre shapes. Echinoderms have a system of internal water-filled canals, which in many echinoderms form suckered "tube feet", with which the animal may move or grip objects. Click on the buttons below to find out more about the Echinodermata Images and information about various living California echinoderms are available through the DELTA Project of the California State University system. Visit the Echinoderm Homepage at the California Academy of Sciences for additional information and links. Or peruse the

4. ADW: Echinodermata: Classification HomeKingdom AnimaliaPhylum echinodermata. Phylum echinodermata ( echinoderms) Pictures. Specimens. Classification. What do these icons mean? The icons tell you what features are available for that taxon. Information. Pictures. Specimens. Sounds deuterostomes) Phylum echinodermata ( echinoderms) http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/echinodermata.html

Overview News Conditions of Use Contact Us ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Pictures Specimens Classification What do these icons mean? The icons tell you what features are available for that taxon. Information Pictures Specimens Sounds Selecting an icon will take you directly to that feature. Parent taxa Kingdom Animalia (animals) Eumetazoa (metazoans) Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals) Deuterostomia (deuterostomes) Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Class Echinoidea (heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea urchins) Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) Subclass Ophiuroidea (basket stars, brittlestars, and snake stars) Class Stelleroidea (star fishes) Subclass Asteroidea (sea stars and starfishes) Class Crinoidea (feather stars and sea lillies) Home About Us Special Topics Teaching ... Comment Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the

5. Classification Of The Extant Echinodermata Describes the taxonomic groupings and provides links to images of some taxa. http://www.calacademy.org/research/izg/echinoderm/classify.htm

Classification of the Extant Echinodermata This list also contains links to images. We welcome updates or corrections to this list. Crinoidea Isocrinida Isocrinidae Millericrinida Apiocrinidae Bathycrinidae Bourgueticrinidae Phrynocrinidae Cyrtocrinida Holopusidae Hyocrinidae Comatulida Comasteridae Colobometridae Eudiocrinidae Himerometridae Mariametridae Zygometridae Aporometridae Notocrinidae Asterometridae Calometridae Charitometridae Ptilometridae Thalassometridae Tropiometridae Antedonidae Apocrinidae Atelecrinidae Pentametrocrinidae Asteroidea (after Blake, 1987 and Clark and Downey, 1992) Paxillosida Astropectinidae 25 valid genera Ctenodiscididae This is a monotypic family including only the genus Ctenodiscus with five species australis caudatus crispatus orientalis and procurator Goniopectinidae 3 valid genera. Luidiidae This family is monotypic containing only the genus Luidia . Members of this family are burrowers into sandy substrates. Members of this family have anywere from 5 to 15 arms. Several species in this taxa are of considerable size. One species Luidia superba from the Galapagos is one of the largest asteroids in the world.

6. Echinodermata Hub Echinoderm links. http://www.projectlinks.org/echinodermata/

Welcome to Echinodermata Hub site. On this site, you will find the most informational and up-to-date links about Echinodermata. Cell Line Screening Data for Families in the Phylum Echinodermata - by the Natural Products Branch of the Developmental Therapeutics Progam, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute. The echinodermata - starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucuambers, aand crinoiads - from Columbia University. Echinodermata - Spiny-skinned animals: sea urchins, starfish, and their allies - by Gregory A. Wray , Duke University Department Of Zoology. Echinodermata Lesson - by Tim Lynch. Phylum Echinodermata - by the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Phylum Echinodermata – echinoderms - by The University of Alabama Center for Communication and Educational Technology. Phylum Echinodermata - by MEER (Marine and Environmental Education and Research). Phylum Echinodermata - Subphylum Asterozoa (Ordovician - Recent) - from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Phylum Echinodermata - sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids/sea lilies.

7. Echinodermata - Introduction Unit echinodermata, 1 Introduction. echinodermata. The echinodermata,(from the Greek meaning spiny skin), is a phylum containing http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/units/echi1.htm

Unit: Echinodermata 1 Introduction ECHINODERMATA The Echinodermata, (from the Greek meaning spiny skin), is a phylum containing about 6000 species, and constitutes the only major group of deuterostome* invertebrates. Since most echinoderms possess some form of calcareous* skeleton, we have a very good fossil record of the evolution of this group, although many aspects of their evolution are far from clear. Their relationship to other phyla is also poorly understood, for the echinoderms were already well differentiated at the onset of the Palaeozoic* era, and their distinctive characteristics seem to be unparalleled in any other group. The echinoderms are a large and successful, entirely marine group of coelomate* animals. They are mainly free-living, but fossil evidence indicates that they are derived from sessile* ancestors and they have shown two mutually opposing trends. The first trend has been towards a free-living habit, with the development of jaws and oral appendages for seeking out food. The second, more primitive trend, has been to adopt a sessile habit and become attached to the substratum by the aboral* surface or stalk. The crinoids (

8. Echinodermata echinodermata ( sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars and sea cucumbers) Entirely marine. Important evolutionary relationship to vertebrates (share common ancestor) Cambrian origin (500 mya) Evolved http://www.student.loretto.org/zoology/echinodermata.htm

Echinodermata (sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars and sea cucumbers) Entirely marine Important evolutionary relationship to vertebrates (share common ancestor) Cambrian origin (500 mya) Evolved from bilaterally symmetrical ancestor 6000 species; 5 classes Encarta - Echinoderms Characteristics Lack metamerism (segmentation) Pentaradial symmetry Endoskeleton composed of calcium plates Water vascular system (water filled canals) Tube feet which aid in movement, respiration, feeding and excretion No circulatory, respiratory or excretory system Nervous system without brain Sexual or asexual reproduction Classification Class Crinoidea ( sea lilies and feather stars Most closely resemble earliest Cambrian fossils Sessile Long stalk attached to rocks and sea bottom Eventually become detached Mouth faces up Five arms branch to form many more arms (several hundred) Sticky tube feet located at end of each arm Capture food Respiratory surface UCMP - Crinoidea Class Asteroidea ( starfish Discussed in detail under Structure and Function UCMP - Asteroidea Class Ophiuroidea ( basket stars and brittle stars Largest class and probably greatest number of individuals (2000 species) Sea bottom beneath stones or in crevices and holes Long narrow arms Quick (relative) movement Rake in food with arms, gather or trap with tube fee

9. Echinodermata echinodermata. Spinyskinned animals sea urchins, starfish, and their allies. Gregory A. Wray* Summary phylogenetic hypothesis of the echinodermata, based on David and Mooi (1997), Littlewood et al . http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Metazoa

10. Echinodermata echinodermata. Summary phylogenetic hypothesis of the echinodermata, based on Davidand Mooi (1997), Littlewood et al. (1997), and Sumrall and Sprinkle (1997). http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Deuterostomia

11. ADW: Echinodermata: Classification Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum echinodermata. Phylum echinodermata (echinoderms).Pictures; Specimens; Classification. What do these icons mean? http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Echinodermata.ht

Overview News Conditions of Use Contact Us ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Pictures Specimens Classification What do these icons mean? The icons tell you what features are available for that taxon. Information Pictures Specimens Sounds Selecting an icon will take you directly to that feature. Parent taxa Kingdom Animalia (animals) Eumetazoa (metazoans) Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals) Deuterostomia (deuterostomes) Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Class Echinoidea (heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea urchins) Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) Subclass Ophiuroidea (basket stars, brittlestars, and snake stars) Class Stelleroidea (star fishes) Subclass Asteroidea (sea stars and starfishes) Class Crinoidea (feather stars and sea lillies) Home About Us Special Topics Teaching ... Comment Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the

12. Jeff's Nudibranch Site And Coral Reef Gallery Devoted primarily to the nudibranchs of the Philippines, but also contains information and photographs about crinoids (echinodermata) and reef organisms in general. http://divegallery.com/

...an informative site featuring a modest collection of original underwater photos from my travels in the Philippine Islands Welcome!.......over 280 full-size underwater images in numerous galleries, arranged for easy browsing...........for specific inquiries try using the search link on this page...............click on one of the above samples for a preview.........see some short sea dragon video clips in Gallery IV............use the hyperlinks on the large table below for accessing MANY more underwater photos............thanks for visiting............I enjoy reading and answering all your e-mails...............if you have questions, SLUGgestions, comments or can assist with species names please e-mail me using the hyperlink at the bottom of the page or at:seaslugs@hotmail.com....... So , you ask... frequently asked questions books about nudibranchs postage stamps featuring nudibranchs ....wallpaper (size 800x600) for your computer: clownfish clownfish and shrimp leafy sea dragon nudibranch ... Search this site Please choose a link from the table below to see dozens of underwater creatures!

13. ADW: Echinodermata: Classification an Error. Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum echinodermata. Phylum echinodermata(echinoderms). Pictures; Specimens; Classification. feather http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/specimens/Echinodermata.html

Overview News Conditions of Use Contact Us ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Pictures Specimens Classification feather stars and sea lillies Crinoidea feather stars and sea lillies Crinoidea heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea urchins Echinoidea heart urchins, sand dollars, and sea urchins Echinoidea sea cucumbers Holothuroidea basket stars, brittlestars, and snake stars Ophiuroidea Home About Us Special Topics Teaching ... Comment Sponsored in part by the Interagency Education Research Initiative, the Homeland Foundation and the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology The ADW Team gratefully acknowleges their support!

14. Echinodermata echinodermata. Echinoderms are the closest relatives to Chordates. It may not seem so at first, but looking closely at embryological evidence, it is believed that chordates and echinoderms shared a http://www.bio200.buffalo.edu/labs/echinoderms.html

Echinodermata Echinoderms are the closest relatives to Chordates. It may not seem so at first, but looking closely at embryological evidence, it is believed that chordates and echinoderms shared a common relative. This relative is believed to have been something along the lines of sea urchin - an orgasnism a bit larger than a golf ball with spines extending radially like the guy from Hellraiser. Interesting little creatures, they aren't especially intelligent. In fact, they don't do much of anything. Keep in mind that "close" is a relative term. New York and Sydney are close compared to the distance between the earth and Jupiter. It is all a matter of context. In evolution, the context is a matter of many millions of years. Classification of Echinoderms Kingdom Animalia - they're animals Subkingdom Eumetazoa - echinoderms have organs Branch Bilateria - in their early early stages, they all have bilateral symmetry. Grade Coelamata - they have body cavities Subgrade Enterocoela - the mesoderm pouches to form a true body cavity Phylum Echinodermata - echinoderms Subphylum Crinozoa - radially symmetric as ADULTS, with an upward mouth

15. Untitled Document Photographs of members of each class. http://204.154.117.95/AnimalBiology/Echinodermata/Echinodermata.html

Phylum Echinodermata To: Down load Echinodermata power point presentation Class: Crinoidea Class: Asteroidea Class: Ophiuroidea Class: Echinoidea Class: Holothuroidea

16. About - Echinodermata Discover more about sea lilies, sea daisies, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers. Morphology of echinodermata. Learn about the structure and anatomy of echinoderms, a http://animals.about.com/cs/echinodermata

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Animals / Wildlife Home ... Endangered species zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Amphibians Birds Fishes Invertebrates ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Animals / Wildlife newsletter. Search Animals / Wildlife Echinodermata Guide picks Members of the phylum Echinodermata include sea lilies, sea daisies, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers. These interesting animals exhibit pentaradial symmetry - they have five axes of symmetry. Morphology of Echinodermata Learn about the structure and anatomy of echinoderms, a group of animals who have a unique water vascular system. Sea Cucumbers The worm-like sea cucumber does not closely resemble other echinoderms but on closer inspection is found to have five-rayed symmetry, a distinguishing characteristic of echinoderms. Phylum Echinodermata This concise list of echinoderm characteristics provides a useful quick-reference guide to this group of animals. Sea Urchins Do you know what the long spines of sea urchins are used for? Find out in this informative article.

17. Echinodermata - Class Crinoidea Unit echinodermata, 3 Class Crinoidea. Class Crinoidea. The crinoids(sea lilies and feather stars ) are the most ancient and, in http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/units/echi3.htm

Unit: Echinodermata 3 Class Crinoidea Class Crinoidea The crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars ) are the most ancient and, in some respects the most primitive, of echinoderms. Attached stalked crinoids, called sea-lilies, flourished during the Palaeozoic* era, and some 80 species still exist today. The crinoids tend to be the least familiar group of the echinoderms, since most tend to occur in deep water, although one species, ANTEDON BIFIDA, is quite common in shallow water around the British Isles. Crinoids are suspension feeders. Antedon uses the tube feet to trap particles of food. The mucus secreted by the tube feet is passed to a ciliated groove lying along the axis of the pinnule, by the constant bending and flicking of the tube feet. Particles of food are trapped in the mucus and are passed down the pinnules and the arms to the mouth. Although Antedon is not a particularly active animal, it is able to swim, somewhat inefficiently, by the slow beating movements of the arms. Glossary Home Museum Plan Previous Page ... Next Page Unit Contents 1 Introduction 2 Body Structure 3 Class Crinoidea 4 Class Stelleroidea ... 12 Test Yourself 4

18. Echinodermata Characteristics and phylogeny of the spinyskinned animals sea urchins, starfish, and their allies. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Echinodermata&contgroup=Metazoa

19. Echinoderms (starfish, Brittle Star, Sea Urchin, Feather Star, Sea Cucumber) s of the major species of echinodermata (starfish, brittle star, sea urchin, feather star, sea cucumber) with illustrations and links to photos....... http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html

Starfish reef Invertebrate – Animals that lack a back-bone (vertebrae). Invertebrates Diese Seite auf Deutsch Multi-celled animals (Metazoa) Top End ECHINODERMS 5 pages with 110 photos of echinoderms ECHINODERMS (Echinodermata) There are 5 related classes in the phylum Echinodermata (the Latin name means "spiny-skinned"). For a detailed list with all classifications click here Sea star or starfish (Asteroidea) Brittle stars, basket stars, serpent stars (Ophiuroidea) Sea urchins, heart urchins and sanddollars (Echinoidea) ... Feather stars and sea lilies (Crinoidea) Characteristics of Echinoderms Echinoderms are characterized by radial symmetry, several arms (5 or more, mostly grouped 2 left - 1 middle - 2 right) radiating from a central body (= pentamerous). The body actually consists of five equal segments, each containing a duplicate set of various internal organs. They have no heart, brain, nor eyes, but some brittle stars seem to have light sensitive parts on their arms. Their mouth is situated on the underside and their anus on top (except feather stars, sea cucumbers and some urchins). Echinoderms have tentacle-like structures called tube feet with suction pads situated at their extremities. These tube feet are hydraulically controlled by a remarkable vascular system. This system supplies water through canals of small muscular tubes to the tube feet (= ambulacral feet). As the tube feet press against a moving object, water is withdrawn from them, resulting in a suction effect. When water returns to the canals, suction is released. The resulting locomotion is generally very slow.

20. Your Search: Classification of the Extant echinodermata. Describes the taxonomic groupings and provides Ninth International Echinoderm Conference, with links to other echinodermata resources. http://www.i-une.com/cgi-bin/meta/search.cgi?lang=en&keywords=Echinodermata

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