81. Improvement Of The Drinking Water Supply For The Poor Population Of The Paraguay Article by The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources. http://www.bgr.de/b1hydro/fachbeitraege/d199901/e_chaco.htm

Sectoral Task Water Improvement of the drinking water supply for the poor population of the Paraguayan Chaco Sources of drinking water are scarce in the thinly populated Paraguayan Chaco. Most of the groundwater is saline, there are no permanent streams or lakes. Drinking water is traditionally obtained by collecting rain water from roofs and storage in cisterns, collecting surface runoff in artificial basins (tajamars) (Fig. 1), and abstraction from small, local fresh water occurrences. In the Technical Cooperation project "Exploration and Development of Groundwater Resources in the Western Part of Paraguay", the results of hydrogeological exploration are used to improve the supply of drinking water to the Indian and Campesino communities. Simple methods adapted to the local conditions are used for the water supply systems. The water is pumped using windmills (Fig. 2). The village communities are fully integrated into the planning and construction activities of the project. Much of the work is done by the local people (Fig. 3). For this reason, the population identify with the project and learn the skills and techniques needed to operate and maintain the system. Fig. 1: Tajamar

82. Australian Drinking Water Guidelines The NHMRC/ARMCANZ Australian drinking water Guidelines (ADWG) provides the Australian community and the water supply industry with guidance on what constitutes http://www.health.gov.au/nhmrc/publications/synopses/eh19syn.htm

For text only browsers, click here to see full site index Australian Drinking Water Guidelines and Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality Synopsis The NHMRC/ARMCANZ Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) provides the Australian community and the water supply industry with guidance on what constitutes good quality drinking water. Following its endorsement in 1996, the ADWG has been subjected to a rolling-revision process that ensures the Guidelines represent the latest scientific evidence in relation to good quality drinking water. From time-to-time, as sections of the Guidelines are reviewed, this site will be updated to provide the latest information. The ADWG may be downloaded as a single PDF file. The Summary document is available as a separate PDF file. The production of these PDF documents has been organised and sponsored by the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment as a service to the Australian water industry.

83. Amco Clear Calibration Standards, Turbidimeters And In-spec - A Division Of GFS Water and turbidity standards, turbidimeters and spectrophotomers, scientific instruments for the waste and drinking water palnts. http://www.apsstd.com

A division of: Home News Amco Clear ... Contact Coming Soon! To be released August 2003: Series 490 - Fully integrated turbidity/temperature logger. more >> Providing calibration standards, services and testing equipment for 18 years. Water Treatment Facilities APS products for water treatment facilities include EPA approved polymer based calibration standards for turbidimeters, NIST traceable calibration verification standards for spectrophotometers and colorimeters, buffer solutions for Ph meters, chlorine solutions for chlorine analyzers, bench top, on-line and portable turbidimeters, spectrophotometers, colorimeters, particle counters, and Ph meters. Private Sector APS produces products for customers ranging from biomedical and pharmaceutical, to beer, paper and pulp manufacturers. These products include NIST traceable calibration verification standards for spectrophotometers and colorimeters, McFarland equivalent standards both for visual and machine testing, ASBC and EBC approved standards for beer brewers, visual colored standards for direct processing analysis, EPA approved turbidity standards for water quality monitoring for water sheds, electrical power plants and mining operations. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) APS produces a range of private label calibration standards for turbidimeters, percent solid analyzers, bacteria colony counters and process monitors.

84. Home Drinking Water Treatment Systems HE-419 Home drinking water Treatment Systems. Prepared by Glenda M. Herman Extension Housing Specialist. drinking water supplies may be contaminated by many sources. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/he419.html

Home Drinking Water Treatment Systems Prepared by: Glenda M. Herman Extension Housing Specialist Gregory D. Jennings Extension Water Quality Specialist Published by: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service Publication Number: HE-419 Last Electronic Revision: March 1996 (JWM) Water quality is of concern to everyone. Quality is the acceptability of the water for uses like drinking, cooking, bathing, and laundering. Drinking water supplies may be contaminated by many sources. Hazardous household wastes, septic systems, lawn and garden chemicals, leaking fuel storage tanks, animal waste, agricultural chemicals, landfills, and leaching of metals from plumbing systems may contaminate water. Contaminated water may have off-tastes, odors, or visible particles. However, some dangerous contaminants in water are not easy to detect. Accurate water testing is needed to determine safety and quality. Water testing also identifies the need for water treatment equipment. When water is contaminated, it is best to eliminate the source of the contamination , if at all possible. If this cannot be done, then water may need to be treated. Treatment can reduce common contaminates, such as sediment, calcium, iron, magnesium, sulfate, nitrates, arsenic, or lead. Water treatment can produce a clearer, safer, better tasting, and better smelling water, better suited for household use. Some typical water quality problems and recommended treatment systems are listed in Table 1. There are eight general types of treatment systems available for household use. These include carbon filters, fiber filters, reverse osmosis units, distillation, neutralizers, chemical-feed pumps, disinfection, and softeners. These systems range in cost from a few dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the type of system and the type of contaminants.

85. EPA Ground Water & Drinking Water > Sulfate In Drinking Water Sulfate is a naturally occurring constituent in water. Site presents information on research by the U.S. EPA Office of drinking water into health aspects of sulphate in water. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/sulfate.html

Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Water Sulfate in Drinking Water Drinking Water and Health Basics Frequently Asked Questions ... Security Sulfate in Drinking Water Background Sulfate is a substance that occurs naturally in drinking water. Health concerns regarding sulfate in drinking water have been raised because of reports that diarrhea may be associated with the ingestion of water containing high levels of sulfate. Of particular concern are groups within the general population that may be at greater risk from the laxative effects of sulfate when they experience an abrupt change from drinking water with low sulfate concentrations to drinking water with high sulfate concentrations. Sulfate in drinking water currently has a secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L), based on aesthetic effects (i.e., taste and odor). This regulation is not a Federally enforceable standard, but is provided as a guideline for States and public water systems. EPA estimates that about 3% of the public drinking water systems in the country may have sulfate levels of 250 mg/L or greater. The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), as amended in 1996, directs the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to jointly conduct a study to establish a reliable dose-response relationship for the adverse human health effects from exposure to sulfate in drinking water, including the health effects that may be experienced by sensitive subpopulations (infants and travelers). SDWA specifies that the study be based on the best available peer-reviewed science and supporting studies, conducted in consultation with interested States, and completed in February 1999.

86. Drinking Water: Hard Water; G96-1274-A (Revised January 2004) Nebraska Cooperative Extension G961274-A (Revised January 2004). drinking water Hard Water. Sources of Hardness Minerals in drinking water. http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/water/g1274.htm

Nebraska Cooperative Extension G96-1274-A (Revised January 2004) Drinking Water: Hard Water This NebGuide discusses recommended practices to manage hard water in a domestic water supply. Sharon Skipton, Extension Educator; Dave Varner, Extension Educator; Paul Jasa, Extension Engineer; Bruce Dvorak, Environmental Engineering Specialist; and Jodi Kocher, Extension Engineer Previous Category Catalog Order Info Water described as "hard" is high in dissolved minerals, specifically calcium and magnesium. Hard water is not a health risk, but a nuisance because of mineral buildup on plumbing fixtures and poor soap and/or detergent performance. Sources of Hardness Minerals in Drinking Water Water is a good solvent and picks up impurities easily. Pure water - tasteless, colorless, and odorless - is often called the universal solvent. When water is combined with carbon dioxide to form very weak carbonic acid, an even better solvent results. As water moves through soil and rock, it dissolves very small amounts of minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water "hard." The degree of hardness becomes greater as the calcium and magnesium content increases. Indications of Hard Water Hard water interferes with almost every cleaning task, from laundering and dishwashing to bathing and personal grooming. Clothes laundered in hard water may look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. Dishes and glasses may be spotted when dry. Hard water may cause a film on glass shower doors, shower walls, bathtubs, sinks, faucets, etc. Hair washed in hard water may feel sticky and look dull. Water flow may be reduced by hard water deposits in pipes.

87. The Hidden Dangers Of Water - Natural Health And Longevity Resource Center, The Article on the contamination of drinking water in the US. More than one third of all waterways are reported to be unsuitable for fishing or swimming because of pollution. Most contaminants are sewage and bacteria, fertilizer, toxic metals, oil and grease. http://www.all-natural.com/water.html

The Hidden Dangers of Water An EPA report on the status of the nation's lakes, rivers, and estuaries says that while water quality is not getting worse in America, neither is any progress being made. More than one third of all waterways are reported to be unsuitable for fishing or swimming because of pollution. Most contaminants are sewage and bacteria, fertilizer, toxic metals, oil and grease. Typical sources of the pollution include runoff from farms, industrial waste, and city sewer discharge. Newsweek : "Several million Americans are drinking water that is potentially hazardous due to chemical or bacterial contamination." L.A. Times : "Communities with drinking water contamination by chemicals are being hit with strange patterns of illness." ABC Network News : "U.S. Industries...generate some 88,000,000 pounds of toxic wastes a year, 90 percent of which, the E.PA. estimates, are improperly disposed." The New York Times, June 2, 1995: "More than 1 in 5 Americans unknowingly drink tap water polluted with feces, radiation or other contaminants...Nearly 1,000 deaths each year and at least 400,000 cases of waterborne illness may be attributed to contaminated water. . " Houston Chronicle

88. Drinking Water: Lead drinking water Lead. Too much lead in the human body can cause serious damage to the brain, kidneys, nervous system and red blood cells. Lead in drinking water. http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/water/g1333.htm

G97-1333-A Drinking Water: Lead Too much lead in the human body can cause serious damage to the brain, kidneys, nervous system and red blood cells. This NebGuide discusses practices to address lead in a domestic water supply. Sharon Skipton, Extension Educator DeLynn Hay, Extension Water Resources Specialist Previous Category Catalog Order Info Lead in Drinking Water ... Related Publications Lead in Drinking Water Small quantities of lead can be a serious health concern, especially for children. Sources of lead in the environment include lead-based paint; lead contaminated soil, air and dust; lead contaminated food; imported food in lead-soldered cans; non-FDA regulated ceramics with lead glazes; leaded crystal and lead contaminated drinking water. Lead rarely occurs naturally in water. Most lead contamination takes place at some point in the water delivery system. This occurs as a result of corrosion, the reaction between the water and lead in parts of the water delivery system. Materials in the water delivery system which may contain lead include service connections, pipes, solder and brass fixtures. Water's characteristics vary: some water is naturally more corrosive than others. Several factors cause water to be corrosive including acidity (low pH), high temperature, low total dissolved solids (TDS) content and high amounts of dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide. Generally, naturally soft water is more corrosive than hard water, because it is more acidic and has low TDS. Softening naturally hard water with an ion exchange water softening unit does not appreciably change the corrosivity of the water, resulting in little, if any, effect on the water's ability to dissolve lead.

89. Massachusetts Drinking Water Education Partnership Home Page Provides yearround educational programs and information to increase public understanding of drinking water issues. Dedicated to protecting drinking water supplies and public health through collaborative projects, culminating in drinking water Week events each May. http://madwep.org

Massachusetts Drinking Water Education Partnership Dedicated to protecting drinking water supplies and public health through education MADWEP Home Your Drinking Water ... Contact Us! madwep.org Welcome to your single best source of information about drinking water in Massachusetts Photo by Jude Hutchinson News and Events 2004 MA Drinking Water Awards Presented in Brockton May 4th Celebrate Drinking Water Week, May 2-8, 2004 ... Drought is Finally Over in MA (updated 3/21/03) Home Your Drinking Water Educational Resources Kids Info ... Contact Us!

90. Welcome To The Office Of Drinking Water's Web Site http://www.vdh.state.va.us/ddw/

91. Multi-Pure - Residential Water Filters - Water Filtration Under The Sink - Home drinking water conditioning devices. http://multipureco.com/

Multi-Pure en español Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems are the most effective carbon block water filters available on the market. Easy and convenient to use, Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems provide wonderfully delicious water right at your kitchen or bathroom sink. Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems produces one of the most effective carbon block water filters available on the market. Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems give you peace of mind by letting you control the quality of the water you drink. When comparing Multi-Pure's technologically advanced filtration capabilities with other filters, you will find that the performance of the Multi-Pure System is superior. Multi-Pure Drinking Water Systems meet the high standards and needs of more than three million satisfied customers throughout the world, and they will meet your requirements and high expectations. Since 1970, Multi-Pure Corporation has been the market leader in high performance drinking water systems and water filters. Today, Multi-Pure is an industry leader and the world's largest manufacturer of compressed carbon block cartridges and drinking water filter systems utilizing its technology advanced water filters.

92. VDH/Drinking Water: Homepage committed to protecting public health by ensuring that all people in Virginia have access to an adequate supply of affordable, safe drinking water that meets http://www.vdh.state.va.us/dw/index.asp

Updated: 13-Nov-2003 ODW Homepage What's New How to Find Us Information for Consumers ... ODW Web Manager Mission Statement We are committed to protecting public health by ensuring that all people in Virginia have access to an adequate supply of affordable, safe drinking water that meets federal and state drinking water standards. We accomplish this mission by: serving as Virginia's advocate for safe drinking water, monitoring drinking water quality, applying engineering judgement, providing technical assistance and training with respect to all drinking water issues, financing improvements to drinking water systems, seeking funding sources for drinking water projects, and enforcing drinking water regulations and standards of the Virginia Public Water Supply Law and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act Legal Authority The Office of Drinking Water provides Technical Information to all facets of the drinking water community including but not limited to the consumers of drinking water and the owners of waterworks that provide drinking water. Information is available regarding: Drought Information, Water Conservation, Source Water Assessment, Waterworks Regulations, Listing of Waterworks and Owners, Certified Laboratory List, Waterworks Security, Capacity Development, How to Collect a Bacteriological Sample, and Consumer Confidence Report.

93. Spectra Laboratories Analytical and environmental testing of drinking water, wastewater, soils, petroleum products. Serving the Pacific Northwest. http://www.spectra-lab.com/

94. EUROPA - Environment - Water Quality In The EU - Drinking Water New drinking water Directive (Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intented for human consumption.) Adopted by the Council, on 3 November 1998. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/water/water-drink/index_en.html

en EUROPA European Commission Environment Policies ... Resources Drinking Water Directive Seminar on Drinking Water Directive (Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intented for human consumption.) Adopted by the Council, on 3 November 1998 The old Drinking Water Directive of 1980 has provided the consumer security for drinking water quality throughout the EU. However, it was both out of date as concerns scientific/technical basis (original proposal was made in 1975) and the managerial approach. Main thrust of the Commission Directive are: Review of parametric values, and where necessary strenghtening them in accordance with the latest available scientific knowledge (WHO Guidelines, Scientific Committee on Toxicology and Ecotoxicology) Increased transparency: "Tapwater Directive" i.e. the point of use is the point of compliance with the quality standards reference to ISO/CEN standards obligation to report on quality obligation to inform the consumer on drinking water quality and measures that they can take to comply with the requirements of the Directive -in particular for lead- when the non-compliance is because of the domestic distribution system (internal pipes, plumbing etc) Streamlining legislation to parameters essential for health and environment: 66 parameters in the old directive have been reduced to 48 (50 for bottled waters)in the new one, including 15 new parameters

95. CONWAY COUNTY REGIONAL WATER drinking water supply for Conway County, Arkansas. Service to Morrilton and the surrounding communities Treatment facility, water regulations, customer information, policies, awards, construction updates, and water conservation tips. http://www.ccrwdd.com

Conway County, Arkansas Location: #30 H2O Drive, Plumerville, Arkansas Mailing Address: P.O. Box 296, Morrilton, AR 72110 Office Hours 8 am-4:30 pm Monday-Friday This is an Equal Opportunity Program. Discrimination is prohibited by Federal law. Complaints of discrimination may be filed with the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250

96. Living Water International Dedicated to providing clean drinking water to those in need. Provides description of services, reports, video clips and donation information. http://www.water.cc/

97. The NYC Drinking Water Supply System drinking water Quality, The drinking water Supply and Quality Report, background information about Cryptosporidium and Giardia, maps of drinking water quality http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/watersup.html

T HE C ITY OF N EW Y ORK D EPARTMENT OF E NVIRONMENTAL P ROTECTION New York City's Water Supply System Watershed Protection Recreation on water supply lands, the Watershed Protection Program Summary , the Proposed Phase II TMDL Reports for the New York City Water Supply Reservoirs, maps of the watersheds, an overview of the Watershed Agreement , the final Watershed Rules and Regulations , the Wastewater Treatment Regulatory Upgrade Program , and a study of wastewater treatment technologies. Go Water Quality The Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report , background information about Cryptosporidium and Giardia , maps of drinking water quality sampling stations near you, and the latest Waterborne Disease Risk Assessment Program annual report. Go Status The current status of the water supply system, a detailed map of reservoir levels , and the history of drought and water consumption in New York City.

98. Water Filters Reverse Osmosis Membranes Water Filters Replacement water filters, reverse osmosis drinking water systems, water coolers, testing kits and water softeners. Includes an online buying facility. http://www.BuyWaterCoolersOnline.com/

water filters reverse osmosis membranes RO pure water filter filtration - reverse osmosis membrane replacement Home Replacement Water Filters Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Coolers ... Check Out Large selection of replacement water filters, reverse osmosis membranes, testing kits and water filtration repair parts for online buyers. From one water filter or reverse osmosis membrane to case quantity discounts. water filters A B C ... Replacements For Most Brands Order a water filter or reverse osmosis membrane and parts for Major Brand Names. Find out how to increase the GPD capacity size of your membrane Reverse Osmosis Systems 4 Stage Reverse Osmosis System $179 Free Shipping* Top Quality!! Add a chiller to your RO system Reverse Osmosis and Water Filter Systems Parts Department All of the parts to keep your system in top performance Adaptors ... Find out how good (or bad) your water really is TDS Tester $39.99 Checks Total Dissolved Solids Other tests from $15.99

99. Public Drinking Water Program Public drinking water Program. drinking water Publications. Guidances, forms, presentations, rules and regulations that apply to public water systems. http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/permitting/waterperm/pdw/pdw000.html

See Also: Consumer Confidence Reports (CCR) Drinking Water Advisory Work Group Drought Information Public Drinking Water Program Staff Guidance Statements ... Water Utilities Database Web Guide Public Drinking Water Program The TCEQ administers the supervision program for public drinking water systems and has primary responsibility for the public water system (PWS) aspects of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. The public Drinking Water Section executes program activities with a central office staff located in Austin, and with the cooperation of the sixteen regional offices administered by the Office of Compliance and Enforcement. Hot Topics Arsenic and Radionuclide Stakeholders Group 2003 Consumer Confidence Report Disinfectant Residual Reporting for PWSs Homeland Security Monitoring Plans Disinfection Byproducts After the Flood: Is Your Water Safe to Drink? ... Drinking Water Publications Guidances, forms, presentations, rules and regulations that apply to public water systems. Opportunities for Public Participation The Public Drinking Water section works closely with stakeholders including public water systems and consumers. The Drinking Water Advisory Workgroup meets quarterly to provide TCEQ with input on policies. Other workgroups will convene on an ad hoc basis to address specific issues like: Radionuclides in Drinking Water, and Electronic Reporting of Bacteriological Data.

100. ZENON Environmental Inc. | Membrane Technologies For Drinking Water Purification A resource for membrane based water filtration solutions to drinking water, wastewater and water reuse applications. http://www.zenonenv.com/markets/drinking_cases.shtml#Emergency

zenon Municipal Drinking Water Municipal Wastewater ... Reverse Osmosis and Pre-treatment Removal of Turbidity, Bacteria, Viruses and Cysts Cryptosporidium Giardia and other harmful parasites. Removal of Iron and Manganese from Well Water Removal of Organics, THM Precursors and Color Treatment of Filter Backwash Capacity and Quality Upgrades for Multi-Media Filters Emergency Response and Interim Water Treatment Facilities Reverse Osmosis and Pre-treatment ZENON is a leading supplier of reverse osmosis (RO) systems for the desalination of seawater, removal of nitrates, residual pesticides and dissolved minerals.

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