21. Nautiloid Cephalopods Nautiloid cephalopods. The Nautiloid cephalopods are the group of cephalopods that have a simple suture pattern to the shell. The http://dekalb.dc.peachnet.edu/~janderso/historic/nautil.htm

Nautiloid Cephalopods The Nautiloid Cephalopods are the group of Cephalopods that have a simple suture pattern to the shell. The suture is either gently curved or nearly straight. Chambered Nautilus The Chambered Nautilus is a living species of the Nautiloid Cephalopods. As you can see in the picture below the shell of the Nautilus is subdivided into various rooms which are connected by a tube called the siphuncle. They are able to use the shell as a buoyance compensation device. They can fill the rooms (camera) with water, air, or possibly sediment to balance their body in the water. This makes the Cephalopod an excellent predator. Ordovician Nautiloid Cephalopod This specimen is from the Ordovician, (Richmond) of southwestern Ohio. The specimen was collected on the banks of the Stillwater River, close to Triangle Park in Dayton, Ohio. This is a popular spot for classes of the Dayton Museum of Natural History, summer program. Return to Paleozoic Life Lecture

22. Cephalopods cephalopods. All the recent cephalopod shells are composed of aragonitic layers prismatic layers, nacreous layers and spherulitic prismatic layers. http://biomin.geol.u-psud.fr/ydweb/cephalo/

Cephalopods All the recent cephalopod shells are composed of aragonitic layers : prismatic layers, nacreous layers and spherulitic prismatic layers. It must be noticed that the "prismatic" layers in Cephalopod shells are not similar to those of other Molluscs ; they are always aragonitic, and composed of small fibres, ressembling to the fibres of the coral skeletons. The outer layer of the outer wall is spherulitic prismatic in Nautilus and Sepia , and prismatic in Spirula . The nacreous middle layer is almost entirely organic in the Spirula shell, more or less mineralized in the Sepia shell. The inner layer is prismatic in the three genera. It may be supposed that the rostra of belemnites and other fossil Coleoids are hypertrophied outer spherulitic prismatic layers. 1- Recent Nautiloids 2- Fossil Nautiloids 3- Ammonoids 4- Recent Coleoids ... 6- References Return to Studied material Last Updated on 2 October 1997 by Dauphin

23. The Cephalopod Page; Octopuses, Squid, Cuttlefish, And Nautilus An educational page devoted to cephalopods (nautilus, squid, cuttlefish, and octopus). http://is.dal.ca/~ceph/TCP/

The Cephalopod Page (TCP) is the personal web page of (ceph@dal.ca) and is hosted by Dalhousie University . Suggestions are always welcome. Please read the FAQ (The Cephalopod Page Frequently Asked Questions) About The Cephalopod Page Table of Contents Subscribe to ceph Powered by groups.yahoo.com Introduction to Cephalopods Cephalopod Species, Information, and Photographs CephBase Scientific cephalopod database by Wood, Day and O'Dor In House Articles Sources of Live Cephalopods Upcoming Conferences What's New ... Cephalopods in the News James' Marine Life Postcards Want to learn more about Cephalopods? References and Credits Introduction to Cephalopods What group of animals can change color faster than a chameleon plus change texture and body shape, has three hearts pumping blue blood, is jet powered, has members in all oceans of the world - from the tropics to the poles - the intertidal to the abyss, has inspired legends and stories since recorded history, is thought to be the most intelligent of invertebrates and yet is related to animals such as clams and oysters, has members that can squeeze through the tiniest of cracks, is related to garden slugs yet has eyes and other senses that rival our own, and can make their own 'smoke screen' or 'decoys' out of ink? Cephalopods, the group in which scientists classify octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and nautiluses can do all these things and more. Octopuses, squids, cuttlefish and the chambered nautilus belong to class Cephalopoda, which means 'head foot'. Cephalopods are mollusks and therefore are related to bivalves (scallops, oysters, clams), gastropods (snails and slugs), scaphopoda (tusk shells), and polyplacophorans (chitons). Some of these mollusks, like the bivalves, don't even have a head, much less something large enough to be called a brain! Yet cephalopods have well developed senses and large brains and are thought to be the most intelligent of all invertebrates. Most mollusks are protected by a shell and many of them are not very mobile. Although the ancient nautilus has an external shell, the trend in cephalopods is to internalize and reduce the shell. The shell in cuttlefish, when present, is internal. The cuttlebone from cuttlefish is sold in many pet shops to supply calcium to birds. Squid also have a reduced internal shell called a pen. Octopuses lack a shell all together.

24. Palaeos Invertebrates: Mollusca: Cephalopoda: The Cephalopods animal. All cephalopods are carnivorous, feeding primarily on fish, other mollusks, Crustacea, and worms. The links. cephalopods All http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Molluscs/Cephalopoda/Cephalopoda.htm

Palæos: Cephalopoda INVERTEBRATES Cephalopoda Home Palaeont- ology Evolution ... Page Back Page Next Page Up Page Down Unit Home Cladogram ... References Cephalopoda Biology Evolutionary History Systematics Links ... Index Cephalopoda Nautiloidea Ammonoidea Coleoidea Biology The name Cephalopoda literally means "head feet" and refers to the fact that these animals have a foot (actually a cluster of tentacles) directly abutting their head. The group includes cuttlefish, octopi, squid, the pearly nautilus, and a large number of ancient (mostly Paleozoic and Mesozoic) forms. All are active marine predators (although some early types were drifters), able to swim swiftly, and easily competing with fish in the marine habitat. There are 650 living species, but more than 7,500 fossil forms are known (and as in all cases like this this number is obviously a gross underestimate of the real number of Cephalopod species that have ever lived through the Phanerozoic time). Like fish they are equipped with highly developed eyes and other sense organs, include both active swimmers and bottom-dwellers, and in many cases have a streamlined body for more efficient locomotion. Swimming is by rapidly expelling water from the mantle cavity. The water is forced out through a funnel or siphon - the hyponome - actually a tube-like flap of modified foot, thus driving the animal in the opposite direction. This is the key to the so-called "jet-propulsion" of these animals The funnel is highly maneuverable and can be directed in any direction, allowing motion backwards or forwards. the fastest movement however is backward escape swimming, with powerful contractions of the mantle ejecting water through the forward facing funnel. A cloud of "ink" can also be ejected as a sort of underwater smoke screen to hide the fleeing animal.

25. The Cephalopods Palæos Palaeos Home Page, Cephalopoda. INVERTEBRATES, Cephalopoda Index. Home, Palaeont ology, Evolution, Systematics, Geo- chronology, http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Molluscs/Cephalopoda/

Palæos: Cephalopoda INVERTEBRATES Cephalopoda Index Home Palaeont- ology Evolution ... Page Back Page Next Page Up Page Down Unit Home Cladogram ... References Cephalopoda Through the Ages Biology Evolutionary History Systematics Links ... Cephalopod Intelligence Index Cephalopoda Nautiloidea Ammonoidea Coleoidea Bikmorites , Silurian Period (Order Tarphycerida , family Barrandeoceratidae Enter Cephalopoda Site contact me page uploaded 29 September 2002 checked ATW030515 page by M. Alan Kazlev Unless otherwise noted the material on this page is licensed under a Creative Commons License

26. Cephalopoda Classification and images of cephalopods from the Tree of Life project. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Cephalopoda&contgroup=Mollusca

27. Fossil Cephalopods In Utah Utah Fossil cephalopods. Utah Fossil cephalopods in Time. http://www.ammonoid.com/

Utah Fossil Cephalopods Utah Fossil Cephalopods in Time Utah Fossil Cephalopods in Space Some Large Ammonites from Utah ... Fossil Cephalopod Links Latest Find: Prionocyclus macombi from the Mancos Shale about this site and the author Whats New May 10, 2004 Updated Ordovician March 25, 2004 Updated the Lists February 19, 2004 added Lusitanoceras granosum zone page January 4, 2004 added Manning Canyon Shale Cephalopods October 15, 2003 Updated and moved to Ammonoid.com July 31, 2003 Updated Anasibirites Bed Pages June 25, 2003 Added Eumorphoceras girtyi photo March 17, 2003 Added Anasibirites Bed Pages January 3, 2003 Updated Turonian December 19, 2002 added Turonian Scaphites page November 20, 2002 fixed some broken links November 12, 2002 updated links April 4, 2002 updated links

28. Utah Fossil Cephalopods Utah Fossil cephalopods. The Lists. The following lists are of all fossil cephalopods I know of in utah s rocks. Manning Canyon Shale cephalopods. http://www.ammonoid.com/ufc-intro.html

Utah Fossil Cephalopods The Lists The following lists are of all fossil cephalopods I know of in utah's rocks. This is probably not an all inclusive list, I believe there are fossil cephalopods known from the Lower Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, maybe some from the Pennsylvanian, more from the Permian and Cretaceous, but I have yet to find either references or fossils from these periods. The first list is a taxonomic list, with taxa referred to Subclass, Order, Suborder etc. The second list is an alphabetic list of taxa with references to reported occurences in the State of Utah. Systematic List Alphabetic List References The Anasibirites Beds Mass Mortality? a study or collection of data on the mass accumulation of ammonoid fossils in the Early Triassic Thaynes Formation in the Confusion Range, Millard County, West-Central Utah. Juana Lopez Ammonites A Guide to Some Mancos Shale Ammonites Photographs of the common and rare ammonites found in the Juana Lopez and Lower Ferron Sandstone Members of the Mancos Shale in East-Central Utah Manning Canyon Shale Cephalopods Some Fossil Cephalopods from The Manning Canyon Shale Latex casts and the external molds they were made from, showing a fauna of Mississippian (Arnsbergian, Lower Carboniferous) age, from a formation famous for it's Pennsylvanian plants

29. Cephalopod Information - Coral Sea Cephalopods - Nautilus, Octopus And Cuttlefis Cephalopod research in the Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef cephalopods include nautilus, octopus and cuttlefish. Research on cephalopods. http://www.australiancephalopods.com/

NAUTILUS LINKS OCTOPUS HOME ... EMAIL US Please wait for the clips to load Octopus Intelligence Reef Cuttlefish Cuttlefish Pulse Octopus Movement NAUTILUS OCTOPUS Research on Cephalopods The cephalopods include the octopus, nautilus, squid and cuttlefish that are the most highly developed of all invertebrate groups. This class of molluscs have well developed nervous system, brain and eyes, with octopus being the subject of experiments where they successfully solved problems. Most cephalopods 'live hard and die young' having fast growth rates and only a 1-3 year life-span. There are hundreds of cephalopod species worldwide in all undersea habitats, and surprisingly few inhabiting the coral reefs. Dr Mark Norman and Andy Dunstan, head the Undersea Explorer cephalopod project - a non profit study of Australian cephalopods funded by the Gro-Sea Foundation. Dr Norman has studied cephalopods throughout the Western Pacific and has commented on how little the group is known to science. He's personally discovered more than 100 new species, 44 of them in Australia. This project aims to look at octopus species and cuttlefish along the northern Great Barrier Reefs and at Osprey Reef in the Coral Sea. Included in the overall cephalopod project is the ongoing study of the nautilus population in the depths of Osprey Reef - a capture-record-tag-release program has been underway for five years.

30. Cephalopod Printouts - EnchantedLearning.com cephalopods are a class of mollusks that includes the octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and nautilus. cephalopods. cephalopods are a class of fastswimming mollusk. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/mollusk/cephalopod/Cepha

Join Enchanted Learning Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. EnchantedLearning.com Animal Printouts Go to Online Animal Coloring Pages A B C D ... Animal Report Graphic Organizers Click on an animal to go to that printout. For the top 25 printouts, click here Cephalopods Cephalopods are a class of fast-swimming mollusk . Some have a hard external shell, but most do not. Cephalopods are marine predators; these carnivores eat fish, worms, crustaceans, and other mollusks. Some cephalopods include the octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus, and ammonite (and other extinct animals). There are about 650 living cephalopods and over 7,500 known extinct cephalopods. Cephalopod means "head-foot." The foot of the cephalopod is a cluster of tentacles that connects directly to the head. The brain, the eyes, and the other sensory organs are well-developed. Cephalopods breathe using gills. They swim by jet-propulsion; they rapidly expel water from the mantle cavity through a specialized, tube-like organ called the hyponome. Many can also eject a cloud of ink to confuse enemies. Blue Ring Octopus A small but very venomous octopus from warm reefs in Australia and nearby regions.

31. Paleontology And Geology Glossary: Ce To Cf tenuicornis (found in Norway). CEPHALOPOD cephalopods (meaning head foot ) are mollusks with tentacles and a large head. These softbodied http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/indexc2.shtml

Become a member of Enchanted Learning. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year (transaction via PayPal Other Amount (transaction via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. ZoomDinosaurs.com Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary A B C D ... Z Click on an underlined word for more information on that subject. If the dinosaur or paleontology term you are looking for is not in the dictionary, please e-mail us Ce to Cf Ca Ce to Cf Ch Ci to Cl Co Cr to Cy ... CEARADACTYLUS Cearadactylus was a pterosaur with a 13 feet (4 m) wide wingspan with protruding, interlocking teeth. It was not a dinosaur, but type of extinct, flying reptile from Brazil during the early Cretaceous period CEDAROSAURUS (pronounced SEED-er-oh-SAWR-us) Cedarosaurus ( meaning "Cedar Mountain Formation lizard") was a sauropod dinosaur that lived during the early late Cretaceous period . It had a long neck, a long tail, and a small head. Fossils were found in Utah, USA . It was named by paleontologist Tidwell, Carpenter and Brooks in 1999. The type species is

32. Fossil Cephalopods In Utah Old Calamari. Fossil cephalopods in Utah. Updates and new pages all new content will be published at the new address otherwise it is the same Oct. 15, 2003 http://ammonoid.topcities.com/

Old Calamari Fossil Cephalopods in Utah Updates and new pages all new content will be published at the new address otherwise it is the same Oct. 15, 2003 Utah Lizards Photos of lizards I take while out collecting fossils The old stuff is still here Fossil Cephalopods in Utah Some Large Ammonites from Utah Some Fossil Cephalopod Bearing Rocks Whats New March 17, 2003 Added Anasibirites Bed Pages January 3, 2003 Updated Turonian December 19, 2002 added Turonian Scaphites page November 20, 2002 fixed some broken links November 12, 2002 updated links April 4, 2002 updated links March 8, 2002 experimenting with Maps page August 28, 2001 updated Links July 19, 2001 updated Smithian June 27, 2001 updated Triassic May 23, 2001 added Forum January 17, 2001 updated links Nov. 6, 2000 updated Pendleian and Arnsbergian var site="sm9ammonoid"

33. Nammalian Cephalopods Olenekian Smithian (Early Triassic) cephalopods (Ayaxian). Fossil cephalopods are common in these rocks in western Utah, eastern Nevada and southeastern Idaho. http://ammonoid.topcities.com/smithian.htm

Olenekian Smithian (Early Triassic) Cephalopods (Ayaxian) During the Early Triassic rocks of the Thaynes Formation were deposited in the Sonoma Foreland Basin . Fossil Cephalopods are common in these rocks in western Utah, eastern Nevada and southeastern Idaho. Late in the Smithian the sea spread eastward onto the Moenkopi mudflats and the Sinbad Limestone was deposited. References: Mathews, Asa A. L., 1929, The Lower Triassic Cephalopod Fauna of the Fort Douglas Area, Utah, Walker Museum Memoirs Vol.1 No.1 University of Chicago Press; Hose, R. K., and Repenning, C. A., 1959, Stratigraphy of Pennsylvanian, Permian, and Lower Triassic Rocks of the Confusion Range, West-Central Utah, A.A.P.G. Bulletin vol. 43, no. 9; Tozer, E. T., 1971, Triassic Time and Ammonoids: Problems and Proposals, Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 8; Tozer, E. T., 1994, Canadian Triassic Ammonoid Faunas, GSC Bulletin 467 In the Thaynes Formation of the Confusion Range in western Utah are three assemblages of Smithian "Ayaxian" ammonoids. The lower two probably represent the Hedenstroemia bosphorensis / "romunderi" Zone with Meekoceras, Arctoceras and Aspenites in the lower beds, and Inyoites, Lanceolites and Pseudosageceras above. The upper assemblage contains Anasibirites and Wasatchites, representative of the Anasibirites nevolini / "tardus" Zone. These are just assemblages as I see them in the beds in west-central Utah and are by no means considered biozones. Meekoceras beds Inyoites beds Wasatchites beds Anasibirites Beds Study Notes on Early Triassic Stratigraphy and Ammonoid Taxonomy

34. ADW: Cephalopoda: Information There are approximately 650 to 700 extant species of cephalopods in two subclasses and five orders. cephalopods are strictly marine http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/mollusca/cephalopoda.html

Overview News Conditions of Use ADW Staff ... Home Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda Class Cephalopoda (octopuses and squids) Information Pictures Specimens Classification editLink('skunkworks/.accounts/948113ed-0725-4ec7-aa3f-e92aeeadf227') 2004/05/18 14:06:43.961 GMT-4 By Daphne G. Fautin and Kristen Wheeler Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Members of this Class There are approximately 650 to 700 extant species of cephalopods in two subclasses and five orders. Cephalopods are strictly marine and are found in all of the world's oceans. All cephalopods are carnivorous. The strong beak is at the entrance to the buccal cavity , on the floor of which lies the radula. There are two pairs of salivary glands , one of which may be poisonous. The digestive tract consists of three parts: esophagus , which may contain a crop; stomach , which mashes food; and caecum , where most digestion and absorption occur. The posterior portion of the caecum contains a diverticulum that serves as an ink gland, producing a suspension of melanin that can be expelled through the mantle cavity. Locomotion in cephalopods is accomplished mainly by jet propulsion. To close its mantle completely, a squid fits two cartilaginous ridges on the mantle wall into two cartilaginous grooves on the opposite funnel wall; contraction of circular muscles around the mantle cavity then forces water out the funnel. The funnel can be aimed, allowing the animal to change its direction. Locomotion in other cephalopods can be accomplished by other means. Octopoids can use their arms to "walk," and sepioids and teuthoids possess lateral fins that can propel the animal.

35. Latest Uploads cephalopods from the Redwall Mississippian Limestone. The locality is very limited in extent, and the cephalopods are preserved in cherty limestones. http://www.psiaz.com/Schur/azpaleo/latestfi-2.html

36. Cuttlefish: The Sentient Cephalopods Is there a way to decode their language, or teach them some code of ours? Cuttlefish are predacious carnivorous cephalopods related to squid and octopus. http://www.heptune.com/cutfish.html

The Cuttlefish of Sentosa by Brenna Lorenz Reproduction of any part of site without express permission is strictly prohibited. All photos of the cuttlefish of Sentosa are by Brenna Lorenz. South of the city of Singapore is an island called Sentosa. Sentosa has been converted into a tourist haven, and you can reach it by cable car. The most interesting attraction there, for us, was the aquarium. These cuttlefish live there in a huge floor-to-ceiling tank. When we first approached them, they were all lined up, hovering, facing us, watching the tourists. Some of them lurked back in the rocks, others were closer to the front of the tank, but all of them were facing the same direction. Except for the undulations of their fins and the languid posturing of their tentacles, they were motionless. Their bodies rippled with changing color patterns. We all stood and stared at them, and they stood and stared back at us. We found the positioning of their tentacles fascinating. It looked so purposeful. We speculated as to whether they were communicating among themselves with the color changes and the tentacle positions. One of us suggested that we try talking to them using our fingers as tentacles. Each of us came close to the glass, put our fingers in front of our faces, and arranged our fingers in gestures similar to theirs.

37. VI International Symposium Cephalopods - Present & Past Welcome to the VI International meeting held in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. Within this site you will find information http://www.cephsym.org/

Welcome to the VI International meeting held in Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States. Within this site you will find information about: registration and circular schedule, Fayetteville and the surrounding area, lodging and transportation. Registration - Final registration instructions. About the Symposium - Important dates, announcements, Symposium schedule, payment information, field trip information, and abstract information. Contact - Website and information email contacts regarding the Symposium. Cephalopod News - Current cephalopod news and events. About Northwest Arkansas - Information about the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville and the surrounding area. Registration About the Symposium Contact Cephalopod News ... University of Arkansas

38. Cephalopods From Hawaii cephalopods of Hawaii. HAWAIIAN BOBTAIL SQUID. Euprymna scolopes. This fascinating critter is nocturnal and is only known from Hawaii. Short Arm Sand Octopus. http://members.aol.com/uwphotohi/Cephalopods.html

Cephalopods of Hawaii HAWAIIAN BOBTAIL SQUID E uprymna scolopes This fascinating critter is nocturnal and is only known from Hawaii. Short Arm Sand Octopus Octopus sp. This little kown species so far has only been found on sand. The octopus to the left was hiding under the shell it's carrying, other juveniles have been found in miter shells. This larger one was found on sand peering out from a small hole under a piece of coral rubble. Long Arm Sand Octopus Octopus sp. This fascinating critter has been observed mimicing a snake eel, flat fish, and mantis shrimp. It will also evade capture by sacrificing one arm, cutting it off and porpelling it at its pursuer . Long Arm Night Octopus Ocotopus sp. This nocturnal species has been observed on shallow reef and in caves during the day. Day Octopus Octopus cyanea This widely known octopus is often taken by the local population and eaten or used as fishing bait. Night Octopus Octopus ornatus oval squid Sepiteuthis lessoniana Ron Holcom

39. PT Diver! (Cephalopods) cephalopods (squids, octopi, etc.). PT Diver! invertebrates PT Diver! main page Back to PT s home page. http://www.philipt.com/ptdiver/cephalopods.htm

Cephalopods (squids, octopi, etc.) PT Diver! invertebrates PT Diver! main page Back to PT's home page

40. Deep-Sea Cephalopods: An Introduction And Overview DeepSea cephalopods An Introduction and Overview. 1997). GIGANTISM A variety of deep-sea cephalopods attain gigantic size (dorsal mantle length, DML, 1m). http://www.tonmo.com/science/public/deepseacephs.php

HOME CEPH CARE SCIENCE FOSSILS ... ABOUT US Deep-Sea Cephalopods: An Introduction and Overview By Kat Bolstad Last updated: 5/6/03 Note: Kat ( Tintenfisch ) welcomes discussion in the forum of the TONMO.com Message Board. INTRODUCTION The deep sea is the largest, yet least-explored habitat on Earth. Its seemingly adverse conditions include crushing pressure, total darkness, and temperatures near freezing, yet a spectacular variety of delicate and primitive life forms thrive in it. Most bizarre among these are the cephalopods, found from the deepest trenches to the ocean's very surface, burrowing into or hovering just off the sea bed, on and around deep-sea reefs, hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, adrift or swimming with great speed and agility through the water column. From evolutionary accidents to the pinnacles of success, the deep-sea cephalopod fauna exhibit fascinating physiological, morphological, and behavioral modifications. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY Many deep-sea squids and octopi share certain general modifications such as gelatinous tissue (containing high concentrations of ammonium ions) which approximates the density of seawater, establishing neutral buoyancy and facilitating efficient locomotion (Villanueva et al.

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