21. AP Calculus AP calculus This World Wide Web (WWW) site, updated only during the school year, provides advanced placement (AP) calculus students the opportunity to solve another AP students and/or a guest http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.seresc.k12.nh.us/www/alvirne.html&am

22. Calculus.org - THE CALCULUS PAGE . calculus.org THE calculus PAGE. Editorial Board. Sponsors. Details are available at the above link. Our Resources For The calculus Student http://www.calculus.org/

calculus.org: THE CALCULUS PAGE Editorial Board Sponsors Prizes and competitions: Nominations are now being sought for the 2004 Prize in the National High School Student Calculus Competition. Details are available at the above link. Our Resources For The Calculus Student: CALCULUS PROBLEM SETS WITH STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS At this main site you will find calculus problems with possibly the most detailed, step-by-step solutions available anywhere on the internet. It is calculus done the old-fashioned way one problem at a time, one easy-to-follow step at a time, with problems ranging in difficulty from easy to challenging. In addition, at these other sites you can find scanned, handwritten solutions to problems in differential calculus, integral calculus, and multi-variable calculus and infinite series. Sample Exams See if you are ready for your exam by taking our collection of sample exams. Excerpts from "How To Ace Calculus" Excerpts from "How to Ace Calculus: The Streetwise Guide" a recently published book with an unorthodox humorous approach to learning calculus. For those with a sense of humor only. Calculus animations in Maple and Calculus animations in Mathematica A series of Quicktime movies, contributed by Deej Heath of Pacific Lutheran University. These illustrate many ideas of calculus, and also include instructions on how to make similar animations yourself using Maple or Mathematica.

23. Calculus And Mathematica At The University Of Illinios calculus and Mathematica at the University of Illinios, UrbanaChampaign This World Wide Web (WWW) site provides a college level course in calculus, differential equations, and matrix theory via http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www-cm.math.uiuc.edu/&y=0257B77F8B66

24. Calculus Graphics Douglas N. Arnold GRAPHICS FOR THE calculus CLASSROOM. Douglas N. Arnold. These are excerpts from a collection of graphical demonstrations I developed for first year calculus. http://www.math.psu.edu/dna/graphics.html

25. Welcome To The UMR BrainTrax System! Offers assistance in algebra, geometry, trigonomety and calculus. Contains realworld examples, detailed example problems, and interactive features. Internet Explorer 5.0+ on a Windows PC is required. http://braintrax.umr.edu/

26. Earliest Uses Of Symbols Of Calculus Gives background for notations that are commonly used like the integral and delta signs. http://members.aol.com/jeff570/calculus.html

Earliest Uses of Symbols of Calculus Last revision: Oct. 5, 2001 Derivative. The symbols dx, dy, and dx/dy were introduced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) in a manuscript of November 11, 1675 (Cajori vol. 2, page 204). f'(x) for the first derivative, f''(x) for the second derivative, etc., were introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813). In 1797 in the symbols f'x and f''x are found; in the Oeuvres, Vol. X, "which purports to be a reprint of the 1806 edition, on p. 15, 17, one finds the corresponding parts given as f(x), f'(x), f''(x), f'''(x) " (Cajori vol. 2, page 207). In 1770 Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) wrote for in his memoir In 1772 Lagrange wrote u' du dx and du u'dx Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Berlin. History of Mathematics that Arbogast introduced this symbol, but it seems he does not show this symbol in A History of Mathematical Notations. D was used by Arbogast in the same work, although this symbol had previously been used by Johann Bernoulli (Cajori vol. 2, page 209). Bernoulli used the symbol in a non-operational sense (Maor, page 97). Partial derivative.

27. Perl Contains The Lambda-Calculus Explains why this computer program is well suited to apply to functional application. http://perl.plover.com/lambda/

Perl contains the -calculus -Calculus (pronounced `lambda calculus') is a model of computation invented by Alonzo Church in 1934. It's analogous to Turing machines, but it's both simpler and more practical. Where the Turing machine is something like a model of assembly language, the -calculus is a model of function application. Like Turing machines, it defines a simplified programming language that you can write real programs in. Writing Turing machine programs is like writing in assembly language, but writing -calculus programs is more like writing in a higher-level language, because it has functions. The two legal operations in the -calculus are to construct a function of one argument with a specified body, and to invoke one of these functions on an argument. What can be in the body of the function? Any legal expression, but expressions are limited to variables, function constructions, and function invocations. What can the argument be? It has to be another function; functions are all you have. With this tiny amount of machinery, we can construct a programming language that can express any computation that any other language can express. Unlike most popular programming languages, Perl is powerful enough to express the

28. Calculus.org The Calculus Page calculus.org The calculus Page The calculus Page is operated by the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Davis. Although it gives links to many other online calculus http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.calculus.org/&y=02B98F56AFCEA568

29. Mr. Calculus Ask Mr. calculus. Mr. calculus is available to give you hints on your. calculus/mathematics questions. Click Ask Mr. calculus . Hints http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6432/

Ask Mr. Calculus Mr. Calculus is available to give you hints on your calculus/mathematics questions. Click "Ask Mr. Calculus".>Hints for mathematics subjects up to Calculus BC. Click above to go to Mr. Calculus page The 2004 AP Free Response solutions are linked on the Mr. Calculus page. The 2003 AP Free Response solutions are linked on the Mr. Calculus page. The 2002 AP Free Response solutions are linked on the Mr. Calculus page. Form B 2002 AP Free Response solutions are also linked on the Mr. Calculus page. Click above and then on the link on the Ask Mr. Calculus page. Alternate link to Mr. Calculus that has very few images on the page for those with slower connections

30. Exterior Differential Calculus And Symbolic Matrix Algebra @ Mathematica Freeware enables Mathematica to carry out calculations with differential forms. http://www.inp.demokritos.gr/~sbonano/EDC/ExteriorDifferentialCalculus.html

Exterior Differential Calculus and Symbolic Matrix Algebra @ Mathematica Overview This package enables Mathematica to carry out calculations with differential forms. It defines the two basic operations - Exterior Product (Wedge) and Exterior Derivative (d) - in such a way that: (1) they can act on any valid Mathematica expression (2) they allow the use of any symbols to denote differential forms (3) input - output notation is as close as possible to standard usage There are two versions of this package: scalarEDC and matrixEDC . The first can handle scalar differential-form expressions only, while the second can also handle matrix-valued differential forms, i.e., matrices whose components are (scalar) differential forms. Both versions are included in the compressed files below. The matrix package, offering user-controlled application of trace identities and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, can also be used for symbolic matrix calculations. Version 3.3.5 allows Wedge and d to act on expressions that are series expansions ( SeriesData objects).

31. Calculus calculus Links to some of the best Internet resources for calculus classroom materials, software, Internet projects, and public forums for discussion. Math Forum http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://mathforum.org/calculus/calculus.html&

32. Calculus-Help.com Will Help You Survive Calculus! calculusHelp.com offers calculus help to students of all ages, including free multimedia tutorials and detailed calculus examples with complete solutions. http://www.calculus-help.com/

This site requires that you have the free Flash 7 Player installed in your computer. Your computer may ask if you want to install the Macromedia Flash Player. You must say yes! If you're still having problems, click here and download the Macromedia Flash Player.

33. Calculus On The Web calculus on the Web This site provided an interactive calculus learning environment. It contains explainations and demonstrations of most undergraduate mathematics subjects, and is capable of http://rdre1.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.math.temple.edu/~cow/&y=020754F1

34. Calculus And Probability Online course by Stefan Waner and Steven R. Costenoble http://people.hofstra.edu/faculty/Stefan_Waner/cprob/cprobintro.html

Calculus Applied to Probability and Statistics for Liberal Arts and Business Majors A Complete Text Resource on the World Wide Web by Stefan Waner and Steven R. Costenoble Table of Contents 1. Continuous Random Variables and Histograms Exercises 2. Probability Density Functions: Uniform, Exponential, Normal, and Beta Exercises 3. Mean, Median, Variance and Standard Deviation Exercises 4. You're the Expert Creating a Family Trust Back to Main Page Introduction Y ou are a financial planning consultant at a neighborhood bank. A 22-year-old client asks you the following question: "I would like to set up my own insurance policy by opening a trust account into which I can make monthly payments starting now, so that upon my death or my ninety-fifth birthday - whichever comes sooner - the trust can be expected to be worth $500,000. How much should I invest each month?" Assuming a 5% rate of return on investments, how should you respond? To answer the question on the previous page, we must know something about the probability of the client's dying at various ages. There are so many possible ages to consider (particularly since we should consider the possibilities month by month) that it would be easier to treat his age at death as a continuous variable, one that can take on any real value (between 22 and 95 in this case). The mathematics needed to do probability and statistics with continuous variables is calculus. The material on statistics in this resource will be readily accessible to you if you are familar with derivatives and integrals (through Chapter 6 of

35. Tutorials For The Calculus Phobe Learning calculus is pretty tough, and you can forget about reading your textbook to get help. Understanding that enormous tome http://www.calculus-help.com/funstuff/phobe.html

Learning calculus is pretty tough, and you can forget about reading your textbook to get help. Understanding that enormous tome is just as plausible as whittling a canoe from a giant redwood tree. Welcome to your oasis of understanding. The tutorials that follow explain calculus audio-visually, and are the equivalent of a personal tutoring session. More than just boring lectures, the topics come alive with Flash animation. I have gotten a lot of requests, asking me to put these up faster, and I apologize that I cannotI am working as fast as I can. Most modules take about 2-3 weeks to produce, since I only have time to do these in my spare time. Please don't send letters describing how disappointed you are that they're not all finished, because I can't go any faster!! To view a lesson, simply click on its name. You may be asked whether or not you want to install a plug in. Click yes. If you are still having trouble viewing the movies, download the free Flash player here Chapter One: Limits and Continuity Lesson 1: What is a Limit?

36. Math.com - World Of Math Online Offers free math lessons and homework help, with an emphasis on geometry, algebra, statistics, and calculus. http://www.math.com/

Home Teacher Parents Glossary ... Email this page to a friend Select Subject Basic Math Everyday Math Pre-Algebra Algebra ... Others Search New Game FREE! Math Super Fighters Play Now! ... Square Roots Free Email @ Math.com Email Login Password New users sign up Contact us Partnership Link to us ... Legal Notices . Please read our Privacy Policy

37. Calculus And Mathematica At UIUC A Mathematicabased calculus course. http://www-cm.math.uiuc.edu/

38. Multivariable Calculus Multivariable calculus. Copyright 1996, 1997 by George Cain and James Herod. All rights reserved. This is a textbook for a course in multivariable calculus. http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/notes/calculus.html

Multivariable Calculus George Cain James Herod This is a textbook for a course in multivariable calculus. It has been used for the past few years here at Georgia Tech. The notes are available as Adobe Acrobat documents. If you do not have an Adobe Acrobat Reader, you may down-load a copy, free of charge, from Adobe Title page and Table of Contents Table of Contents Chapter One - Euclidean Three Space 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Coordinates in Three-Space 1.3 Some Geometry 1.4 Some More GeometryLevel Sets Chapter Two - VectorsAlgebra and Geometry 2.1 Vectors 2.2 Scalar Product 2.3 Vector Product Chapter Three - Vector Functions 3.1 Relations and Functions 3.2 Vector Functions 3.3 Limits and Continuity Chapter Four - Derivatives 4.1 Derivatives 4.2 Geometry of Space CurvesCurvature 4.3 Geometry of Space CurvesTorsion 4.4 Motion Chapter Five - More Dimensions 5.1 The space R n 5.2 Functions Chapter Six - Linear Functions and Matrices 6.1 Matrices 6.2 Matrix Algebra Chapter Seven - Continuity, Derivatives, and All That 7.1 Limits and Continuity

39. Homepage Henk Barendregt University of Nijmegen Lambda calculus, type theory and formalising mathematical vernacular. http://www.cs.kun.nl/~henk/

Henk Barendregt Chair Foundations of Mathematics and Computer Science Nijmegen University The Netherlands Henk Barendregt (1947) holds the chair of Foundations of Mathematics and Computer Science at Nijmegen University, The Netherlands, and is adjunkt professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA. He studied at Utrecht University mathematical logic, obtaining under his Masters in 1968 and his Ph.D. in 1971, both cum laude and Since 1986 he is professor at Nijmegen University, where he and his group work on Constructive Interactive Mathematics Awards Barendregt was elected member of the Academia Europaea Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen (1995) and the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (1997). In 1998 he obtained a generous seven year grant of the Board of Directors of Nijmegen university. In 2002 he was knighted in the Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw . Barendregt obtained on February 6, 2003 the NWO Spinoza Award 2002, the highest scientific award in the Netherlands. Papers Foundations Other papers Lectures Talks Courses Other interests Links Address:Nijmegen Institute for Computing and Information Science (NIII) Nijmegen University Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Contact: henk loc AT ed cs.kun.nl

40. The Epsilon Calculus Discussion of David Hilbert's development of this type of logical formalism with emphasis on prooftheoretic methods. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epsilon-calculus/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A B C D ... Z This document uses XHTML-1/Unicode to format the display. Older browsers and/or operating systems may not display the formatting correctly. last substantive content change MAY The Epsilon Calculus The epsilon calculus is a logical formalism developed by David Hilbert in the service of his program in the foundations of mathematics. The epsilon operator is a term-forming operator which replaces quantifiers in ordinary predicate logic. Specifically, in the calculus, a term x A denotes some x satisfying A x ), if there is one. In Hilbert's Program, the epsilon terms play the role of ideal elements; the aim of Hilbert's finitistic consistency proofs is to give a procedure which removes such terms from a formal proof. The procedures by which this is to be carried out are based on Hilbert's epsilon substitution method. The epsilon calculus, however, has applications in other contexts as well. The first general application of the epsilon calculus was in Hilbert's epsilon theorems, which in turn provide the basis for the first correct proof of Herbrand's theorem. More recently, variants of the epsilon operator have been applied in linguistics and linguistic philosophy to deal with anaphoric pronouns. Overview The Epsilon Calculus The Epsilon Theorems Herbrand's Theorem ... Epsilon Operators in Linguistics, Philosophy, and Non-classical Logics

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