141. History Of Vegetarianism - Theophrastus (?372-?287BC) Some excerpts from published works discussing the role of Theophrastus in the historical development of vegetarianism. http://www.ivu.org/history/greece_rome/theophrastus.html

International Vegetarian Union History of Vegetarianism Ancient Greece and Rome Theophrastus Greek peripatetic philosopher, noted esp. for his Characters , a collection of sketches of moral types. Collins English Dictionary direct link: amazon.co.uk The Heretic's Feast : A History of Vegetarianism by Colin Spencer buy direct from amazon.com (USA) amazon.co.uk (UK) Extract from ' The Heretics Feast ' by Colin Spencer: We find a true vegetarian again in Theophrastus, Aristotle’s pupil. Born in Lesbos in 372 BC he studied in Athens under Aristotle and became his friend, travelling back to Lesbos with him, where Aristotle established a philosophical circle in Mytilene, the capital. It was here that Aristotle first studied biology and scrutinised the natural aims of plants and animals, for in knowing their final goals he believed that they could understand their structure and development. Perhaps his pupil began work on his own Inquiry into Plants and Growth of Plants, two books which have survived, but his own findings and thoughts differ from his teacher’s in quite radical way. He did not think that animals existed for the sake of humans, and thought killing animals unnecessary and unjust, and that the habit of eating them must have begun when war destroyed crops. If plants and vegetable food were abundant there was no need to eat animal flesh. Extract from a review of Animal Minds and Human Morals - The Origins of the Western Debate by Richard Sorabji. Review by Stephen Salkever:

142. WellnessMD: Vegetarianism vegetarianism. Vegans eat no animal products at all. For more information on how vegetarianism can help our planet, visit Earthsave. http://www.wellnessmd.com/vegetarians.html

Preventive Medicine Clinic of Monterey Dr. Abraham Kryger, MD, DMD 1084 Cass Street Monterey, CA 93940 tel: (831) 373-4406 fax: (831) 373-4481 DrK's CC Soup Diet Maintenance Diet Permanent Weight Loss Vegetarianism ... Male Body Enhancement Clinical Services Consultations with DrK Labwork Nutritional Aids Immune Stimulants For Men About Male Hormones Hormone Imbalances Testosterone Therapy Erectile Dysfunction For Women About Female Hormones Menopause Quick Links Holistic Medicine Testimonials About Dr. K Vegetarianism Vegetarians are people who do not eat meat, fowl or fish, but do eat grains and vegetables, plus dairy products (lacto-vegetarians) and/or eggs (ovo-vegetarians) or both (lacto-ovo). Vegans eat no animal products at all. For more information on how vegetarianism can help our planet, visit Earthsave The NEW Pracitical Guide To Becoming Vegetarian is a great guide for beginners as well as long time vegetarians. Many terrific recipes are included plus our

143. Chinese Vegetarianism: Buddhist Roots An essay tracing the roots of Chinese vegetarianism to Buddhism. http://www.headcity.com/uptown/bigmouth/hungry/chinese/buddhism.html

Chinese Vegetarianism: Buddhist Roots Following The Path If you want to lead them to the Buddha's wisdom, first you ought to give them something good to eat! - the commentary of Tripitaka Master Hua on The Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Jewel Platform Sutra Although, in the minds of many, vegetarianism is commonly associated with Buddhism, the link is far from absolute. Of the two major lines of Buddhist practice, Northern School (often called Mahayana and chiefly in India, Tibet, China, Korea, and Japan) and the Southern School (often called Hinayana and practiced in Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka), only Northern School scriptures expressly forbid the eating of flesh. Also, vegetarianism is not a standard practice in Tantric Buddhism, which includes Vajrayana Buddhism practised by Tibetans (e.g., H.H. the Dalai Lama does not practice vegetarianism). The new emphasis on Buddhist vegetarianism arose in 3rd century India under the Gupta kings, who were worshippers of the Hindu deity Vishnu. Ascetics following Vishnu were required to abstain from animal food of any kind. Thus, Buddhist scriptures of that time presented a sort of 'moral parity' argument: if those on a lesser path forbid meat, shouldn't we? When the Chinese Fa-hsien visited India early in the 5th century, he found that in the whole of the Middle Country

144. The Grapevine Christianity and vegetarianism by Rondi Elliott, ellio009@mc.duke.edu. Spiritual and Religious Traditions visa-vis vegetarianism. http://www.trianglevegsociety.org/grapevine/v11_1/christian.html

Christianity and Vegetarianism by Rondi Elliott, ellio009@mc.duke.edu Spiritual and Religious Traditions vis-a-vis Vegetarianism I t had long been an enigma to me as a Christian why my family and my church could be so compassionate toward humans, and yet support societal norms which visibly contributed to animal suffering. I never heard anything to indicate that the way we regard our non-human brothers and sisters deserved a compassionate look. So when I began to study theology, I hoped that I would find in the scriptures confirmation for my vegetarianism and animal rights activism. I was not disappointed, and I also found contemporary theologians with supporting theses. I would like to share with my fellow TVSers some things that may help you to understand how vegetarianism and compassion to non-human animals is in fact confirmed, not negated, by themes that thread their way in Judeo-Christian teaching. The Old Testament is very specific when it comes to what "God said" that we should eat. In the first chapter of the Bible, Genesis I, there is a clear mandate in 1:29: "Behold, I have given you every tree with seed in its fruit; this you shall have for food." This was God's intent in the Garden of Eden, but, humans being imperfect, things changed. It would seem that later, after the flood, God gives permission to Noah and his descendants to eat flesh: "every moving thing ... shall be food for you. As I gave you green plants, I now give you everything." How could God say that? But if we read on, "for the shedding of lifeblood, I will surely require a reckoning" (Genesis 9:2-5). What seems to be the point is that if we unnecessarily kill an animal, we will be accountable to our Creator. Of course, we now know that eating flesh is by no means necessary for human health; in fact, there is much evidence that it is, in fact, unhealthy to stray from a plant-based diet!

145. THE MEATRIX Flash video about the meat industry in the United States, in the theme of the movie The Matrix. Includes links to local and generalinterest resources on vegetarianism and organic and sustainable farming. http://www.themeatrix.com

Click here to go directly to the action and information page! Join Leo as he awakens from his dreamworld of a family farm to discover the terrible realities of modern industrial agriculture. Moopheus the cow will be your host and will show you what you as a consumer can do to support family farms!

146. Index-eng17-Buddhist Vegetarianism Articles from Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. http://www.buddhismtoday.com/index/index-eng17-veg.htm

English Section Vietnamese Section Buddhism Today VEGETARIANISM The Buddhist Diet Michael Ohlsson Buddhist Vegetarianism Liberating Living Beings Genetic Engineering: A Major Threat to Vegetarians Ronald Epstein A Buddhist perspective on animal rights . Ronald Epstein Animal Rights and the Dhammapada . Rosemary A. Amey Buddhism and Biotechnology . Ron Epstein Buddhism and Vegetarianism . Ajahn Jagaro Buddhism and Vegetarianism . Dr V. A. Gunasekara Genetic Engineering: A Buddhist Assessment . Dr. Ron Epstein Animal rights as Buddhists what do we think of them . Bhikkhu Prof. Dhammavihari Buddhism and Vegetarianism: The Rationale for the Buddha's Views on the Consumption of Meat . Dr V. A. Gunasekara Soy sauce cancer warning . BBC Reflections on Buddhist soul food . The Japan Times Buddhism for Beginners The Buddha and His Teachings Buddhist Texts Quotes of the Month ... Links to Buddhist Resources -oOo- Feedback Add URL For contributions, please sent to the editor at: buddhismtoday@yahoo.com Last updated: September 6, 2001

147. Welcome To Animal And Environmental Issues Extensive link list activists, clothes, companion animals, dissection, experimentation, entertainment, environmental, organizations, vegetarianism and wildlife. http://animalwelfare.bizland.com

Animal and Environmental Issues Address: Business Phone: Fax: E-mail: williampm@juno.com Products and Services: THIS WEBSITE HAS MOVED TO http://environment12.tripod.com. Go there to access my database on animal rights/welfare and environmental issues. Register a Domain: Join BizLand Sell Online Become an Affiliate Promote your Web site ... Create a banner free Web site

148. Ethics Of Vegetarianism Ethics and vegetarianism. Deepak Trivedi. My aim in this paper is to discuss the ethical problems involved with adopting nonvegetarianism. http://www.angelfire.com/celeb/deeptrivia/ethics.html

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Ethics and Vegetarianism Deepak Trivedi The idea that our choice of food constitutes a moral choice is not easily recognized by many of us. In fact, our civilization has always had a firm belief that the choice of food, being entirely a matter of individual taste and health considerations, is not a choice that is morally relevant. This is why maxims like de gustibus non disputandum came into being in their literal sense. This point of view works well as long as we look at the whole issue from an individualistic point of view. The moment we look at it from a point of view that is any broader, we come to recognize the moral issue involved. A speciesist, for example, would immediately recognize the immorality of cannibalism. From an animal rights perspective, we would immediately recognize that since we do not have the capability to satisfy our nutritional requirements on our own: we totally depend on other organisms for our nutrition, hence, we have to ensure that we are not acting against their interests. Ecologically, organisms are classified on the basis of their mode of nutrition because nutrition is the most important ecological activity. It directly deals with valuable resources of the ecosystem. Ecologically, our role is defined as that of producers, consumers or decomposers.

149. Buddhist Resources On Vegetarianism And Animal Welfare Buddhist information about vegetarianism and animal welfare. Includes both doctrinal and practical materials and links to sites with general resources. http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/BuddhismAnimalsVegetarian/BuddhistVegetari

Buddhist Resources on Vegetarianism and Animal Welfare Compiled by Ron Epstein Philosophy Department San Francisco State University Please send all suggestions and corrections to epstein@sfsu.edu CONTENTS: Buddhism and Vegetarianism Buddhist Scriptures on Vegetarianism Essays on Buddhism and Vegetarianism Vegetarian Resources ... Additional Readings Buddhism and Vegetarianism Buddhist Scriptures on Vegetarianism From the Shurangama Sutra From the Lankavatara Sutra (coming soon) "On Stopping Killing!" by the Great Master Lianchi Zhuhung "On Not Eating Meat" from the Siksa-Samuccaya compiled by Santideva From Bhavanakrama by Kamalashila: "Yogis should at all times avoid fish, meat, and so forth, should eat with moderation, and avoid foods that are not conducive to health." ( Stages of Meditation , p. 100) Essays on Buddhism and Vegetarianism Buddhist Vegetarianism ("Vegetarianism" Entry from Buddhism A to Z "The Horror of Taking Lives and Eating Meat" by the Venerable Master Hsuan Hua "Eating Flesh: Pros and Cons"

150. Vegetarianism And The Bible (No. 183) Many religions in the world espouse vegetarianism as a mode of religious development. Some see it as a rite of purification. vegetarianism and the Bible (No. http://www.ccg.org/english/s/p183.html

Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183) (Edition 1.2 19961116-19991023) Audio Many religions in the world espouse vegetarianism as a mode of religious development. Some see it as a rite of purification. Others see it, on ethical grounds, as cruel to animals. This paper traces religious vegetarianism from ancient times through to present Christianity. Abstinence from wine is also treated. It relates to the paper Wine in the Bible. Christian Churches of God PO Box 369, WODEN ACT 2606, AUSTRALIA Email: secretary@ccg.org 1998, 1999 Wade Cox) This paper is available from the World Wide Web page: http://www.logon.org and http://www.ccg.org Vegetarianism and the Bible Many religions in the world espouse vegetarianism as a mode of religious development. Some see it as a rite of purification. Others see it, on ethical grounds, as cruel to animals. Religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism have such prohibitions and the early Greek Pythagorean systems also had purification taboos on eating some meats. Buddhism tends to vegetarianism and in some more extreme levels to veganism, which is an absolutist form of vegetarianism, which abstains from even the produce of animals such as milk, cheese and eggs. The idea was developed, in stages, not only in Ancient India but also in Egypt. Buddhist concepts were introduced to Greece by Pyrrho of Elis (c. 4th Century BCE) (Burnet, article

151. WebRing: Hub Animal rights, animal abuse, veganism and vegetarianism. More than 300 sites. WebRing. http://t.webring.com/hub?ring=ar

152. Vegetarianism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia PhatNav s Encyclopedia A Wikipedia . vegetarianism. Varieties of vegetarianism. Distinctions between different practices of vegetarianism include http://www.phatnav.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Vegetarian

153. Animal Rights And Dhammapada Quotes and explaination from the scripture on nonviolence, vegetarianism, and treatment of animals. http://rosemaryamey.com/dhamma/

154. Amanda's Kitchen - Vegetarian Cooking And Food Issues The UK Vegetarian Society estimates that 5000 Britons a week make the switch to vegetarianism. A Brief history of vegetarianism. http://www.colba.net/~ajstrong/About.htm

Amanda's Kitchen About Vegetarianism What is a vegetarian? Who is vegetarian? How many vegetarians are there? A brief history of vegetarianism.... ... home What is a vegetarian? Well, that depends who you ask and where you ask it!. In North America and most Western cultures a vegetarian is someone who does not eat meat. However there are varying degrees of abstinence: lacto ovo vegetarian The most common form of vegetarianism in western cultures. Avoid meat, fish, poultry and most foods arising from animal slaughter. Will eat dairy products, eggs and honey. Commonly referred to as “vegetarian”. lacto vegetarian Avoid meat, fish, poultry and most foods arising from animal slaughter. Avoid eggs and foods made with eggs. Will eat dairy products and usually honey. ovo vegetarian Avoid meat, fish, poultry and most foods arising from animal slaughter. Avoids dairy products and foods made with dairy. Will eat eggs and usually honey. vegan Avoid all foods containing animal products including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy and, frequently, honey Often avoid animal products altogether and will not wear leather or wool, nor use cosmetics and house-hold products with animal ingredients or by-products.

155. Vegetarian Society (UK) Information Sheet - Statistics Large number of statistics from surveys from 1945 to the present day, covering the number of people in the UK who called themselves vegetarian, or avoided certain animal products, and attitudes towards vegetarianism. http://www.vegsoc.org/Info/statveg.html

The Vegetarian Society index is at: www.vegsoc.org You will be taken there in 10 seconds. Please update your bookmarks and links.

156. Unsuspected Depth:vegetarianism vegetarianism. The pages in this section explore my experiences, research, and thoughts on being a vegetarian. vegetarianism Accidental Ingestion. http://unsuspecteddepth.com/veggie/

Vegetarianism Main Journal Spirituality Household ... Herstory "The animals you eat are not those who devour others; you do not eat the carnivorous beasts, you take them as your pattern. You only hunger after sweet and gentle creatures who harm no one, which follow you, serve you, and are devoured by you as the reward of their service" John Jacques Rousseau While I am far from the healthiest or purest vegetarian, I recognized this was not a choice for me some years ago. What started as a decision in 1990, became an inevitability a few years later. After convincing myself that becoming a vegetarian in stages meant I could change my mind at any time, I literally looked up from reading a book and realized that I would not eat meat again (and that was a few years ahead of the schedule I had set for weaning myself). I still crave pepperoni pizza, barbecued ribs, and the mexican foods I grew up eating (esp. tamales and menudo). This doesn't make me any less of a vegetarian. Neither does the fact that I drink gallons of soda and too much sugar and chocolate. I don't eat meat of any kind (yes, chicken and fish are meat). However, unlike vegans, I do eat eggs and dairy products (I can't imagine a world without cheese or ice cream!). The pages in this section explore my experiences, research, and thoughts on being a vegetarian.

157. Animals, People And The Earth Highlights connections between Animals, People and the Earth including animal rights, feminism, christianity and vegetarianism among others. http://www.ape-connections.org/

158. MY VEGETARIAN WEBSITE ,information, Links, Pictures And Recipes A personal site for information on vegetarianism. Includes articles, recipes, and quotes from famous people. http://www.angelfire.com/stars3/larika0/

var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" MY VEGETARIAN WEBSITE HELLO I'm so glad you decided to visit. My name is Elizabeth (AKA larika) and I have been a vegetarian for many years. I would like to share my research, recipes, pictures, links and information with you. INDEX Handmade Animal Greeting Cards Religion and Vegetarians Types of Vegetarians Health and Vegetarianism ... An Extract and Reviews free script provided by JavaScript Kit

159. Do Animals Have Rights? What Is The Objectivist Position On Animal Cruelty? What Damian Moskovitz explains the Objectivist view of animal rights, animal cruelty and vegetarianism. http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/dmoskovitz_faq-animal-rights.asp

At The Objectivism Store Ayn Rand at the University of Michigan Thirty minutes of pure Rand Save over 15% Request Catalog Objectivism in Theory and Practice July 3 - 10, 2004 Brochure Registration Advanced Seminar Human Accomplishment Music in Western Civilization More Suggested Readings Logbook Membership Info Contribute Today Category Ayn Rand And Objectivism: Philosophical Theory Category Philosophy: Political Philosophy Source : Posted to the Web on 1/5/2002 FAQ: Animal Rights Do animals have rights? What is the Objectivist position on animal cruelty? What is the Objectivist position on vegetarianism? Answer by Damian Moskovitz Many believe that animals have the right to be free from harm by people. In particular, they believe that animals should not be harmed in food production, clothing production, or medical research. This belief is the product of a misunderstanding of the nature of rights. Philosophers like Peter Singer argue that rights are derived from the capacity to experience pain, and since animals can experience pain just as people can, animals also have the right to be free from harm. However, rights are derived from the capacity to reason, and thus people have rights and animals do not. Both people and animals seek values such as food and shelter to sustain their lives. However, they do so by different means. Animals pursue values in their environment automatically. For example, an animal scavenges and finds food around it. People, on the other hand, use their faculties of reason to produce values volitionally. For example, a person can choose to study how plants grow and choose to plant and grow his own food. Moreover, people trade values with each other. For example, if one person grows vegetables and another person weaves clothing, the former can give the latter vegetables in exchange for clothing to their mutual benefit.

160. Concentric Dial-Up Internet Why they are vegetarians, links to many vegetarian sites, favorite recipes, and books on vegetarianism. http://www.concentric.net/~Gshrieve/VeggieLinks/veglinks.htm

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