41. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Maruthas St. Maruthas, writer, greatly devoted to the martyrs, mesopotamian bishop, d. before 420. Feast day 4 December. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09748a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... M > St. Maruthas A B C D ... Z St. Maruthas Bishop of Tagrit or Maypherkat in Mesopotamia, friend of St. John Chrysostom , d. before 420. Feast, 4 Dec. He is honoured by the Latins, Greeks, Copts, and Syrians. He brought into his episcopal city the relics of so many martyrs that it received the name Martyropolis . In the interests of the Church of Persia, which had suffered much in the persecution of Sapor II, he came to Constantinople, but found Emperor Arcadius too busily engaged in the affairs of St. John Chrysostom . Later Maruthas was sent by Theodosius II to the Court of Persia, and here, in spite of the jealousy and intrigues of the Magi, he won the esteem of King Yezdigerd by his affability, saintly life, and, as is claimed, by his knowledge of medicine. He was present at the general Council of Constantinople in 381 and at a Council of Antioch in 383 (or 390), at which the Messalians were condemned. For the benefit of the Persian Church he is said to have held two synods at Ctesiphon. He must not be confounded with Maruthas (Maruta), Monophysite Bishop of Tagrit (d. 649). His writings include: (1) "Acts of the Persian Martyrs", found partly in Assemani, "Acta SS. mart. orient. et occident.", I (Rome, 1748), and more completely in Bedpan, ibid, II (Paris, 1891), 37-396. W. Wright's English translation was printed in "Journal of Sacred Literature" (Oct., 1865-Jan., 1866). Zingerle published it in German (Innsbruck, 1836). A school edition was made by Leitzmann, "Die drei altesten Martyrologien" (Bonn, 1903). See Achelis, "Die Martyrologien" (Berlin, 1900), 30-71. (2) "History of the Council of Nicaea", on which see Braun in "Kirchengeschichtliche Studien", IV, 3, and Harnack's "Ketzerkatalog des Bischofs Maruta" in "Texte u. Untersuchungen", XIX, 1, b. (3) "Acts of the Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon", edited in Syriac and Latin by Lamy (Louvain, 1869), on which see Hefele, "Conciliengeschichte", II, 102. He also wrote hymns on the Holy Eucharist, on the Cross, and on saints.

42. Universal Temple Of ANU A modern revelation channeled from an ancient Sumerianmesopotamian supreme being. http://taospirit55.tripod.com/

The Universal Temple of Anu THE MIDDLE PATH Before you lies a road, neither wide nor narrow, neither smooth nor rough. Before you stands a ladder, that begins in the lowest hells and climbs to veils beyond the heaven of heavens. Before you is a gateway, that opens not unto paradise or purgatory, but unto your personal mansion in God's eternal and infinite kingdom. Before you is a sanctuary of mind and spirit, where the many deities are worshipped as The One, and The One is recognized in the names and faces of the many. OUR MESSAGE 1) ALL ARE CREATORS: Our belief and our dreams, when combined, have the power to create new realities and elevate us to the heights of godhood (small 'g') over our personal worlds. To put it another way, by creative visualization and expression, we each have the power to create our own heavens or hells. (see: http://groups.msn.com/TheAeons) 2) ALL IS ONE: All gods are actually parts of one supreme entity that we call Anu. But beyond all gods, including Anu, there is the impersonal Allness called "Omnius." To choose a lesser patron god, is to choose to focus on one aspect or expression of The One. If all paths lead to the top of the same mountain, each path is a different religion and/or godform, Anu is enthroned on the top of the mountain, and the mountain itself is called "Omnius." 3) THE ONE IS NEUTRAL: God does not take the side of any one nation, race, religion or creedGod is on the side of those who are on God's side. To be on God's side, means to have a deep personal relationship with God, so that you become as a son or daughter of God. To build such a relationship, requires sincere personal devotion.

43. Encyclopedia Mythica: Mesopotamian Mythology. The available articles in the mesopotamian mythology area. http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/asia/mesopotamian/articles.html

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44. History Of Astrology - Part 2 A historical view of mesopotamian Astrology. http://accessnewage.com/articles/astro/rhist2.htm

The History of Astrology Another View by Robert Hand Part II Mesopotamian Astrology First Stages In the beginning Mesopotamian astrology was much like that of other cultures, a simple examination of the heavens for omens that might affect the kingdom. Often these observations of omens would include weather phenomena intermixed with true astronomical ones. What made the Mesopotamians different is that they began at an early time to make systematic observations of phenomena with an eye to finding regular patterns in the heavens that might correlate with patterns in human events. According to Van der Waerden (Science Awakening, Vol. II, Oxford Univ. Press) the earliest astronomical writings known in Mesopotamia are from the old Babylonian period, roughly the time of Hammurabi. It is not known whether the Sumerians were involved in astronomical studies or not, but it would seem plausible that they were. There are also some writings which refer to the Akkadian period and which may date from about 2300 B.C.E. Here is an example of one of these early writings. If Venus appears in the East in the month Airu and the Great and Small Twins surround her, all four of them, and she is dark, then

45. Encyclopedia Mythica: Mesopotamian Mythology mesopotamian mythology. Sumerian in origin, mesopotamian religion was added to and subtly modified by the Akkadians in subsequent years. http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/asia/mesopotamian/

Asia Search Feedback Submit Article Mythology ... Links Mesopotamian mythology Browse articles Contact the editor The beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians. They inhabited ancient Mesopotamia in the millennia before the Christian era. These religious beliefs and practices form a single stream of tradition. Sumerian in origin, Mesopotamian religion was added to and subtly modified by the Akkadians in subsequent years. Mesopotamia was a region between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates in western Asia. In general terms, it constitutes the greater part of what is now Irag. It was one of the cradles of human civilization. The name is Greek, meaning "Land Between the Rivers". Map: Mesopotamia available articles in this area. Editor: M.F. Lindemans There are currently articles in this area. This section was last updated on April 28, 2004. Selected links Asyro-Babylonian mythology The Asyro-Babylonian mythology FAQ. Sumerian mythology The Sumerian mythology FAQ. Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh.

46. BEFORE THE LEGEND OF NOAH mesopotamian flood stories which predate the Bible. Photos of clay tablets, map, satellite photo. http://home.att.net/~Atrahasis/index.htm

Before the Legend of Noah Flood Stories Predating the Noah Story Reconstruction of an ancient temple compound at Nippur founded by Ur Gur about 2800 BC. Construction and repairs continued until about 660 BC during the reign of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. 19th century photo of the ziggurat at Nippur after removal of sand that covered it. ACCORDING TO AN INSCRIBED CLAY TABLET DISCOVERED IN NIPPUR, IRAQ BY AN AMERICAN EXPEDITION 1883 - 1886; A MAN AND HIS FAMILY SURVIVED A CATASTROPHIC FLOOD BY RECEIVING ADVANCED WARNING FROM GOD, PROBABLY BEFORE 1800 BC. In ancient Mesopotamia writing was in use by about 3000 BC. The writings of ancient scholars were preserved on clay tablets. The ancient scribe formed a rectangular piece of clay and used a pointed stick to form characters in the soft clay. Some of the tablets were sun dried and placed on shelves or in jars. Others were fired in pottery kilns to make sure the valuable records might not be lost. The first writings seem to have been inventory records such as the amounts or types of items stored in clay jars. By 2000 BC there were shipping records describing maritime trade between the Persian Gulf coastal areas of Iraq and Bahrain, Oman, and Indian Ocean coasts of Pakistan, and the west coast of India (Lothal). The ancients sailed in huge reed bundle sailing boats in the Persian Gulf as described by anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl in

47. Mesopotamian Law Readings - Bernard Hibbitts University, 1977; Albert Goetze, mesopotamian Laws and the Historian , 69 Journal of the American Oriental Society 115 (1949); Edwin http://www.law.pitt.edu/hibbitts/meso.htm

Also available: Ancient Law Course Description / Ancient Law Connections Required Reading Cyrus H. Gordon, The Ancient Near East E.A. Speiser, "Early Law and Civilization", in Collected Writings J.J. Finkelstein, "Law in the Ancient Near East", 5 Encyclopedia Biblica (1968), reprinted in Jewish Law and Decision-Making: A Study Through Time (Aaron M. Schreiber, ed., 1979) J.N. Postgate, "Laws and the Law", in Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History Theodore J. Meek, trans., "The Code of Hammurabi", in Ancient Near Eastern Texts (J. Pritchard, ed., 1955) Jean Bottero, "The Code' of Hammurabi", in Mesopotamia, Writing, Reasoning and the Gods Recommended Reading Fadhil A. Ali, "Blowing the Horn for Official Announcement", 20 Sumer G.R. Driver and J.C. Miles, The Babylonian Laws Veysel Donbaz, "A Middle Babylonian Legal Document Raising Problems in Kassite Chronology", 41 Journal of Near Eastern Studies B.L.Eichler, "Literary Structure in the Laws of Eshnunna", in

48. Upper Tigris Archaeological Research Project A multiyear excavation and survey project aimed at defining archaeological correlates of ancient imperialism, colonialism and culture contact in the mesopotamian frontier zone. http://www.utarp.org/

49. Ancient History Sourcebook: A Collection Of Mesopotamian Laws, C. 2250 - 550 BCE Back to Ancient History Sourcebook . Ancient History Sourcebook A Collection of mesopotamian Laws, c. 2250 550 BCE. Laws governing http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/2550mesolaws.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: A Collection of Mesopotamian Laws, c. 2250 - 550 BCE Laws governing private as well as public and political life were written up in Mesopotamia as early as 2250 B.C. Unfortunately, most of these early documents have been preserved in very fragmentary condition, so that only a few phases of early law and procedure are now known to us. The following fragments date from the Akkadian through the Neo-Babylonian periods. BE it enacted forever and for all future days: If a son say to his father, "You are not my father," he [the father] can cut off his [the son's] locks, make him a slave and sell him for money. If a son say to his mother, "You are not my mother," she can cut off his locks, turn him out of town, or (at least) drive him away from home, deprive him of citizenship and of inheritance, but his liberty he loses not. If a father say to his son, "You are not my son," the latter has to leave house and field and he loses everything. If a mother say to her son, "You are not my son," he shall leave house and furniture. If a wife be unfaithful to her husband and then says, "You are not my husband," let her be thrown into the river. If a husband say to his wife, "You are not my wife," he shall as a fine pay one half mana of silver. If some one hires a servant and the latter dies or is rendered useless otherwise (e.g.,by flight, rebellion, or sickness) he shall give to the owner as daily wages ten

50. BEFORE THE LEGEND OF NOAH Essay about mesopotamian flood legends recorded before the bible. http://home.att.net/~atrahasis/index.htm

Before the Legend of Noah Flood Stories Predating the Noah Story Reconstruction of an ancient temple compound at Nippur founded by Ur Gur about 2800 BC. Construction and repairs continued until about 660 BC during the reign of Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. 19th century photo of the ziggurat at Nippur after removal of sand that covered it. ACCORDING TO AN INSCRIBED CLAY TABLET DISCOVERED IN NIPPUR, IRAQ BY AN AMERICAN EXPEDITION 1883 - 1886; A MAN AND HIS FAMILY SURVIVED A CATASTROPHIC FLOOD BY RECEIVING ADVANCED WARNING FROM GOD, PROBABLY BEFORE 1800 BC. In ancient Mesopotamia writing was in use by about 3000 BC. The writings of ancient scholars were preserved on clay tablets. The ancient scribe formed a rectangular piece of clay and used a pointed stick to form characters in the soft clay. Some of the tablets were sun dried and placed on shelves or in jars. Others were fired in pottery kilns to make sure the valuable records might not be lost. The first writings seem to have been inventory records such as the amounts or types of items stored in clay jars. By 2000 BC there were shipping records describing maritime trade between the Persian Gulf coastal areas of Iraq and Bahrain, Oman, and Indian Ocean coasts of Pakistan, and the west coast of India (Lothal). The ancients sailed in huge reed bundle sailing boats in the Persian Gulf as described by anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl in

51. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Mesopotamia Common Issues mesopotamian/Egyptian/Hebrew/Greek History Centuries of Darkness? Back to Index. Common Issues mesopotamian/Egyptian/Hebrew/Greek History. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook03.html

Halsall Home Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Sourcebook Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Human Origins Mesopotamia Egypt Persia Israel Greece ... Christian Origins See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents Ancient Near East Sumeria (c. 3100-c. 2000 BCE) The Epic of Gilgamesh Sumerian Language Art Connections with India Akkadia (c.2350-2200 BCE) Babylonia (c.2000-1600 BCE) Code of Hammarabi Cities Creation Myths Religion Kassites and Hittites (c.1600-717 BCE) Kassites Hittites Hittite Texts Material Culture Assyria (c.1350- 612 BCE) Chaldea/Neo-Babylonia (612-539 BCE) Syrian Cities: Ebla, Ugarit, Emar Phoenicia 950 BCE on Carthage: The Punic Empire ANE Arts and Architecture ANE Mathematics and Astronomy Gender and Sexuality ... Common Issues: Mesopotamian/Egyptian/Hebrew/Greek History Centuries of Darkness? Ancient Near East MEGA Abzu: Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East Available on the Internet [Website-OI] Mesopotamia [Modern Account][At ruu.nl] Emergence of Civilization in Ancient Near East [At UNT][Modern Account] The Near East 3000-1200 BCE [At UNT][Modern Account] The Near East 1250-500 BCE [At UNT][Modern Account] Arden Eby: The Origin and Development of Writing in Mesopotamia : An Economic Interpretation [At Teleport][Modern Illustrated Account] Southern Mesopotamia from Space [At NASA] Back to Index Sumeria (c. 3100-c. 2000 BCE)

52. Mesopotamia mesopotamian MATERIALS. European Centre for Upper mesopotamian Studies Centre Européen de Recherches sur la Haute Mésopotamie (ECUMS). WWW Home Page. http://www.theology.edu/mespotam.htm

MESOPOTAMIAN MATERIALS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES INSTITUTIONS MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS LANGUAGE - PHILOLOGY - TEXTS - TRANSLATIONS ... RESOURCES LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Adab Banks, Edgar James: Bismya or The Lost City of Adab. (Scanned from the University of Chicago Regenstein Library copy of the New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1912 edition of the book, ex libris Robert Francis Harper, with marginalia in an unidentified hand). Tell Afis Venturi, Fabrizio: Mission archŽologique de Tell Afis (Syrie), campagne 1996 . (Orient-Express: 1997/1 - mars) Arslantepe-Malatya Frangipane, Marcella: Scavi ad Arslantepe-Malatya, 1996. (Orient-Express: 1997/1 - mars) The Tall-E Bakun Project Reports Bakhtiari Mountains (Iran) Bakhtiari Archaeological Finds Balikh Valley (Syria) The Archaeological Landscape of the Balikh Valley: 1994-95 Annual Report A Balikh Prospect: (This article originally appeared in The Oriental Institute News and Notes, No. 147, Fall 1995, and is made available electronically with the permission of the editor.) Tell Barri (Syria) Pecorella, P. E.: La missione archeologica italiana a Tell Barri (Siria) - 1996.

53. EO Newsroom: New Images - Mesopotamian Marshes mesopotamian Marshes. The Al Hawizah Marshes comprise the largest remaining tract of wetlands in the mesopotamian Marshlands of Iran and Iraq. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=7769

54. Epic Of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh. The Epic of Gilgamesh is, perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/gilgamesh/

The Epic of Gilgamesh The Epic of Gilgamesh is, perhaps, the oldest written story on Earth. It comes to us from Ancient Sumeria, and was originally written on 12 clay tablets in cunieform script. It is about the adventures of the historical King of Uruk (somewhere between 2750 and 2500 BCE). The translator chose to eliminate Tablet XII for personal reasons, with support from many literary, archaeological, and linguistic experts because it appears to be more of a sequel to the first 11 tablets, containing a story about Enkidu volunteering to retrieve some objects that Gilgamesh dropped into the Netherworld. This translation is based on the "standard" Akkadian "edition", but is filled in with excerpts from the Old Babylonian where necessary. I have proofread this set of documents extensively, but should you find any typographical errors in it, please let me know. Tablet I Tablet II Tablet III Tablet IV ... Home

55. Mesopotamian Texts Archive mesopotamian Texts Archive. EnumaElish Adapa and the Food of Life. The Code of Hammurabi. The Descent of Ishtar Into the Lower World. The Seven Evils. http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/mesopotamian/

Mesopotamian Texts Archive EnumaElish Adapa and the Food of Life The Code of Hammurabi The Descent of Ishtar Into the Lower World ... Home

56. Mesopotamia The mesopotamian Together with the change of river flow, it stimulates throughout the mesopotamian history the foundation of new settlements and cities. http://home.swipnet.se/~w-63448/mesopotam.htm

The Mesopotamian History [Introduction] [Mesopotamian Prehistory] [Mesopotamian Protohistory] [Mesopotamian Bronze Age] Find your way around on this page [Introduction] [Geography] [Climate and Environment] [Agriculture] ... [Inventions] Introduction Millennia ago the fertile low lands in the river basins of Euphrates and Tigris was the home land of a rich and complex society. These civilizations were saved from oblivion by the unexpected discovery in the previous century of complete libraries in the archeological remains. Thousands of clay tablets, written in a cuneiform writing system, are buried deep under the ruins of ancient cities, when they were sacked and set into fire. The clay tablets, usually only sun-dried and stored on (inflammable) wooden shelves, are often inadvertently baked while a city was destroyed and treasures were removed. Clay was not valuable to treasure hunters and robbers in later times and clay tablets (at least until the 19th century CE) were left untouched and thus saved for eternity. The branch of science dealing with the study of ancient civilizations in the Near East is called Assyriology, named after an Assyrian empire uncovered by the first archeological excavations. This empire is now known as the New Assyrian empire in the first millennium BCE.

57. Document Title mesopotamian Prehistory. http://home.swipnet.se/~w-63448/mespre.htm

Mesopotamian Prehistory [Introduction] [Mesopotamian Prehistory] [Mesopotamian Protohistory] [Mesopotamian Bronze Age] [Introduction] [Old Stone Age] ... [Metallurgy] Introduction Around 3000 BC at the dawn of history first civilizations originate in the basins of great rivers in Mesopotamia, along the Nile in Egypt and along the Ganges in India. This section gives a bird's eye view on how civilizations came into being: Civilization in the literal sense ( Latin word civitas `city': the development of city-states, called the urban revolution. The Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) is a well defined cultural epoch, that coincides with a geological period, the Pleistocene. It covers the era of glacial periods lasting about 500000 year until 8500 BCE. It is divided into several subperiods with less well defined boundaries, called Early Paleolithic (until ~75000 BCE), Middle Paleolithic (until ~40000 BCE), Late Paleolithic (until ~15000 BCE), so far with human habitat in camps and caves and with an economy based an forage, wild species and tracking wild heards. The last part is called Epi-Paleolithic (until ~8500 BCE) in which early settlements (round huts) are found together with first signs of selection of species and some control over wild heards is attested. The artifacts now include pestles and mortars to grind grasses, acorns and red ocre. The Neolithic (New Stone Age) is a cultural epoch. It doesn't coincide with a geological era. It starts and ends at different times from place to place. This remark also applies to other cultural periods such as Bronze Age and Iron Age. These era are defined by the use of certain tools and materials, but even for a given place there is no sharp beginning or ending.

58. First World War.com - Battles - The Mesopotamian Front Battles The mesopotamian Front Updated - Saturday, 3 April, 2004. This section contains details of the major actions fought on http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/mf.htm

Battles - The Mesopotamian Front Updated - Saturday, 3 April, 2004 This section contains details of the major actions fought on the Mesopotamian Front - present-day Iraq - during the First World War. These include the many epic struggles fought along the banks of the River Tigris; from the seemingly unstoppable advance of the British throughout 1915 to the resurgence of their Turk opposition in 1916 culminating in the British humiliation at Kut-al-Amara in April 1916. British fortunes revived however with the appointment of Sir Frederick Stanley Maude as regional Commander-in-Chief, as success after success finally led to complete British victory in the region in October 1918. Click here to view a map of pre-war Palestine and Mesopotamia. Capture of Basra , Opened 5 November 1914 Battle of Qurna , Opened 3 December 1914 Battle of Shaiba , Opened 11 April 1915 Capture of Amara , Opened 31 May 1915 Battle of Nasiriyeh , Opened 27 June 1915 Capture of Kut-al-Amara , Opened 28 September 1915 Battle of Es Sinn , Opened 28 September 1915 Battle of Ctesiphon , Opened 2 November 1915 Siege of Kut-al-Amara , Opened 7 December 1915 Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad , Opened 6 January 1916 Battle of the Wadi , Opened 13 January 1916 Battle of Hanna , Opened 21 January 1916 Battle of Dujaila , Opened 8 March 1916

59. Geotimes - February 2004 - Mesopotamian Climate Change News Notes Geoarcheology mesopotamian climate change Geoscientists are increasingly exploring an interesting trend Climate change http://www.geotimes.org/feb04/NN_Mesopotamian.html

News Notes Geoarcheology Mesopotamian climate change Archaeologists have found evidence for a mass migration from the more temperate northern Mesopotamia to the arid southern region around 6400 B.C. For the previous 1,000 years, people had been cultivating the arable land in northern Mesopotamia, using natural rainwater to supply their crops. So archaeologists have long wondered why the ancient people moved from an area where they could easily farm to begin a much harder life in the south. -Peter deMenocal, Columbia University One reason could be climate, said Harvey Weiss, an archaeologist at Yale University, at the meeting in December. The climate record in ancient Mesopotamia and around the world shows an abrupt climate change event in 6400 B.C., about 8,200 radiocarbon years before present. A period of immense cooling and drought persisted for the next 200 to 300 years. When the severe drought and cooling hit the region, there was no longer enough rainwater to sustain the agriculture in the north, Weiss says. And irrigation was not possible due to the topography, so these populations were left with two subsistence alternatives: pastoral nomadism or migration. Archaeologists first start seeing evidence of settlements in southern Mesopotamia shortly after 6400 B.C. In the south, an area too arid to have sustained rain-fed agriculture, irrigation from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers would have been possible where the rivers flow at plain level, Weiss says. Irrigation farming took three to four times the labor effort of rain-fed farming, but irrigation agriculture would have made surplus production easier because the yield was double that of rain-fed agriculture. Surplus production meant that people could begin specializing in full-time crafts rather than relying exclusively on farming, Weiss says, thus giving rise to the first class-based society and the first cities.

60. The Archaeology Of Ancient Mesopotamia Search. Archaeology, mesopotamian Archaeology Guide picks. Archaeological sites and studies of the ancient civilization of the Tigris http://archaeology.about.com/cs/mesopotamia/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Archaeology Ancient Civilizations Mesopotamia Archaeology Home Essentials Archaeology Glossary Book Catalog ... Get a Job! zau(256,152,180,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Ancient Civilizations Anthropology Archaeologists Art and Artifacts ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Archaeology newsletter. Search Archaeology The Archaeology of Ancient Mesopotamia Archaeological sites and studies of the ancient civilization of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers of the middle east. Alphabetical Recent Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History This brief book, part of Routledge's series entitled Approaching the Ancient World, takes as its primary mission to investigate the practices of Mesopotamian historians, and to use their data as expressed in the cuneiform texts to make inferences concerning the political and economic history Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions From the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute, an electronic study edition of the inscriptions of the Achaemenid Persian kings in all of their versionsOld Persian, Elamite, Akkadian, and, where appropriate, Aramaic and Egyptian. Achemenet.com

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