1. Chan Buddhism - An Outline Of Its Basic Beliefs And Distinctions From Other Stra chan buddhism outlining its main beliefs and significant distinctions from other strains of Buddhism. The building blocks of chan buddhism. http://www.imperialtours.net/chan_buddhism.htm

//Top Navigational Bar III v3.4.1.1b (By BrotherCake @ cake@brothercake.net) //Permission granted/modified by Dynamicdrive.com to include script in archive //For this and 100's more DHTML scripts, visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com/ //This notice MUST stay intact for legal use The building blocks of Chan Buddhism Buddhism is said to have traveled into China along the Silk Road in the first half of the first century AD. Its rise to prominence grew in proportion to the increasing traffic along the Silk Road, so that by the Tang dynasty (618-907AD) when China's capital, Chang'an, was one of the world's most prosperous cities, Buddhist translations were for the first time accessible. It was during this period that a new variant of Buddhism arose, which used elements from Daoism to beget a quintessentially Chinese variation of the Indian import. This new school came to be known as the Chan, or in Japan, the Zen school. General concepts of Buddhism: The general principles of Buddhism are evident in Chan Buddhism. That is to say that the world is an illusion conjured up by each individual's mind, that every thought has the power to produce a retributive future result (known as

2. The Seventh World Of Chan Buddhism { Home } Literature ». The Seventh World of chan buddhism. More Features (click here) Essays by Ming Zhen Shakya. Inspirational Writings. Chants. Prayers. Dharma Talks. Martial Arts. The Diamond Sutra. Poetry http://www.hsuyun.org/Dharma/zbohy/Literature/7thWorld/7th-world-home.html

Hsu Yun Poetry Literature Visual Arts ... Literature More Features (click here) Essays by Ming Zhen Shakya Inspirational Writings Chants Prayers Dharma Talks Martial Arts The Diamond Sutra Poetry by Master Hsu Yun The Seventh World of Chan Ruminations on Zen's Cows Empty Cloud: Zen Teachings Maxims of Master Han Shan Site Index Search The Seventh World of Chan Buddhism A complete intermediate-level review of the origins, psychology and practice of Southern School Zen Buddhism by Ming Zhen Shakya (Formerly Chuan Yuan Shakya) Also available in Adobe Acrobat format. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (Free) Artwork by Rev. Fa Ming Shakya of Romania Preface (please read first) PART I: ORIGINS Chapter 1 India Chapter 2 China Chapter 3 Scriptures Chapter 4 Origins of the Two Main Schools of Chan PART II: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DISILLUSIONMENT Chapter 5 The Six Worlds of Samsara Chapter 6 The Gap Between the Six Worlds and the Seventh Chapter 7 A Working Model of the Psyche Chapter 8 Buddha Nature and Archetypal Dynamics Chapter 9 High Price of Desire PART III: PRACTICE Chapter 10 Practice Chapter 11 Right Understanding Chapter 12 Right Thought or Purpose Chapter 13 Right Speech Chapter 14 Right Action Chapter 15 Right Livelihood Chapter 16 Right Effort Chapter 17 Right Mindfulness Chapter 18 Satori, The Koan, and Monastic Polishing

3. Zen Buddhism Of China - China The Beautiful Zen Buddhism chan buddhism. Not reliant on the writen word,. A special transmission separate from the scriptures;. Direct pointing at one s mind,. http://www.chinapage.com/zen.html

[Zen Buddhism] [Chan Buddhism] Not reliant on the writen word, A special transmission separate from the scriptures; Direct pointing at one's mind, Seeing one's nature, becoming a Buddha. Bodhidharma (?-526 A.D.) Glossary English/Chinese: [GB] Sutra Sutra [gif] text[BIG5] Diamond sutra Duo Xin Jin [BIG5] [¼¯ ¶F ¯ë ­Y ªi ¹ »e ¦h ¤ß ¸g] Silkroad Koans FAQ - What is Zen Hui Neng - the sixth Patriach ... A most authoritative and comprehensive site [GB] [China Room] [Chinese Reading Room (Chinese software)] China the Beautiful

4. Big Goose Pagoda And The Advent Of Buddhism This was chan buddhism. So influential did it become that Japanese monks transported it to their country where it became known as Zen Buddhism. http://www.imperialtours.net/big_goose_pagoda.htm

//Top Navigational Bar III v3.4.1.1b (By BrotherCake @ cake@brothercake.net) //Permission granted/modified by Dynamicdrive.com to include script in archive //For this and 100's more DHTML scripts, visit http://www.dynamicdrive.com/ //This notice MUST stay intact for legal use The Big Goose Pagoda and the advent of Buddhism The first contacts between adherents of Buddhism and the Chinese people took place along the Silk and Fur roads during the Eastern Han dynasty (8-220AD). Over subsequent centuries these central caravan routes, with Chang'an (near Xi'an) at their eastern terminus continued to serve as the principle avenue by which Buddhism entered China. So significant did this Indian religion become to Chang'an's development that by the eight century the city boasted sixty-four monasteries and twenty-seven nunneries, and had become a Buddhist centre of study for the East Asia region. As Buddhism was synthesised into Chinese thought various new sects developed. One variant in particular, with Daoist influences, grew to prominence. This was Chan Buddhism. So influential did it become that Japanese monks transported it to their country where it became known as Zen Buddhism. The spectacular rise in popularity and wealth of the Buddhist institutions in China eventually incurred the Emperor's wrath. In 841 AD the insane, Daoist Emperor Tang Wuzong ordered a crackdown. During the next four years, nearly all Buddhist monasteries were decimated and its practitioners persecuted. Although many temples were refounded a few years later, Buddhism was never able to recover its former predominance in China's spiritual life.

5. Welcome To Patriarch Ch'an The founder of the Tu An Zen Temple at Santa Ana, Chan Master Wei Li Thich Duy Luc in Vietnamese is an 89th generation master in the Chan tradition. He was a student of Master Dieu Duyen who was a close disciple of Master Hsu Yun Empty Cloud and Master Lai Kuo. This site contains articles about Buddhism, chan buddhism, and a biography of the master. http://www.patriarch-chan.com/patriarchchan_weili_content.htm

Ch’an Master Wei Li Thich Duy Luc in Vietnamese] is of the 89th generation in the Ch’an tradition, tracing down from Mahakasyapa. Born in 1923 in the province of Canton, China, he came to Vietnam in 1938 where he later became a school teacher of Chinese and then an Oriental medicine doctor. For 8 years, he worked at the free-of-charge medical office of Minh Nguyet Cu Si Lam Buddhist temple in Can Tho There was at Cu Si Lam temple a complete series of the Supplementary Tripitaka of 150 volumes. The Master wanted to read the whole series. But after one year of reading with an average of 10 hours a day, he was only able to read 7 volumes. Seeing that it would take him at least 20 years, just to complete reading the Supplementary Tripitaka, let alone the Main Tripitaka, the Master decided that he would only read the volumes on Ch’an In 1965, he began practicing under the guidance of Ch’an Master Dieu Duyen of the Patriarch Ch’an tradition. Master Dieu Duyen was a close disciple of the eminent Chinese Ch’an Masters Hsu Yun [Empty Cloud] and Lai Kuo for many years.

6. An Exploration The Personal Homesite Of Daniel Trent Dillon A large selection of links, writings, and resources in regard to Zen and chan buddhism. http://www.mindground.net/

7. WELCOME Page Of Shaolin Zen, A Chan Buddhist Website Shaolin Zen is the American sect of chan buddhism founded by Bodhidharma at the Shaolin Temple in China. of the original Buddhist Temple. where chan buddhism was created. in Northern China an http://shaolincom.com/SITE-Z

SHAOLIN ZEN Do nothing for a reason. SHAOLIN is the nickname of the original Buddhist Temple where Chan Buddhism was created in Northern China by Monk Bodhidharma, who walked from India to meet the Chinese Emperor. ZEN, is the Japanese word for the Chinese word, "Chan." CHAN is the Chinese word for "Universal Mind." UNIVERSAL MIND is the ability to see reality from All Perspectives. All Perspectives is the combination of All Truths or Universal Truth. ENTER Shaolin Zen where we will open your mind to Universal Truth. SITE-Z / index.html Updated: November 8, 2002 "WELCOME Page of Shaolin Zen, a Chan Buddhist Website" 2000 Shaolin Communications. All rights reserved www .shaolinZEN. org an American Sect of Chan Buddhism

8. Buddhism And Zen (Chan) Buddhism chan buddhism can be viewed as pushing the implicit logic of Buddhism to reject the original goal of Buddhismthe quest for Nirvana. Chan is Buddhist atheism. http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/religion/Buddhism.htm

Basic Buddhist Doctrine In the context of the traditional focus on the soul, the self, the mentalism, and the doctrine of Karma and rebirth characteristic of the other Indian religions, Buddhism taught Four Noble Truths: 1.Life is suffering. 2.Suffering comes from desire. 3. Suffering can be ended by ending desire. 4. The eightfold path is the way to eliminate desire. Nietzsche liked the directness of the first noble truth. Where Christianity disguised its hatred of life behind moral concepts such as "sin," Buddhism formulated its pessimism in stark, positivist terms. Nietzsche saw the second as the "nihilistic" attitude they shared with Christians. This opposition to one's natural desires signals a "decadance" morality. The eightfold path includes right views. right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right contemplation. The goal of doing everything right is Nirvana. The opposite of Nirvana is Samsarathe cycle of life and deaththe belief in reincarnation was hardly a source of comfort to Buddhists. It doomed us to endless cycles of lives of suffering. Suicide is no help! Only Nirvana is escape. The historical development of Buddhism in India resembled that of Christianity in Europe. At first it struggled with little success until it was adopted by an emperor. What the emporer liked was how the religion helps him motivate people to die for him. Then, with state sponsorship, it grew into the dominant religion in India for a time. During that time it was transferred to China, Japan, Korea, and South-East Asia. Then it declined in its home and survived mainly in its adopted homes.

9. BuddhaNets Buddhist Web Links: Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism WWW Virtual Library The Internet Guide to Zen (Ch'an, Son, Thien) Online Resources practice, visit The Seventh World of chan buddhism, prepared for this site by Rev http://www.buddhanet.net/l_zen.htm

Meditation Studies Magazines Books ... Zen Buddhism WWW Virtual Library The Internet Guide to Zen (Ch'an, Son, Thien) Online Resources. Contents: Zen Buddhism; General Resources; Schools of Zen Buddhism; Hakuin Ekaku School of Zen Buddhism; Harada-Yasutani School of Zen Buddhism; Zen Koans Study Pages 20th c.; Zen People and Their Teachings; Daily Zen Sutras; Zen Documents and Writings; Zen Electronic Newsletters and Journals; Zen Buddhism Electronic Forum; Zen Organizations and Institutions; Directories of Practice Centers; Diamond Sangha Home Page; Zen Names; Zen Calendar; Zen Buddhism Online Bookstore. Zen Order of Hsu Yun Chinese Zen (Ch'an). The Zen Buddhist Order of Hsu Yun (ZBOHY) was created to spread the teachings of Ven. Master Hsu (Xu) Yun, China's greatest Zen (Chan) master of the 20th Century. Our priests follow in the Southern School (Mahayana) lineage of Hui Neng, the Sixth and last Patriarch of Zen. For a comprehensive overview of Zen history, psychology, and practice, visit The Seventh World of Chan Buddhism, prepared for this site by Rev. Ming Zhen Shakya (a priest of Nan Hua temple in the People's Republic of China. As always, our Temple doors are open, the virtual incense is burning . . Ch'an Meditation Center The Ch'an Meditation Center and Institute of Chung-Hwa Buddhist Culture is a division of Dharma Drum Mountain Buddhist Association. It is a place of serenity and self-cultivation, located in Elmhurst, Queens, a multicultural neighborhood in New York City. We welcome all those interested in meditation and the study and practice of Buddhism, regardless of background, age or ethnic origin. We offer access to Buddhism through a variety of approaches, including classes and lectures on Buddhist scriptures and philosophy, introductory meditation, retreats, chanting and ceremonies. The Center is also a small monastery where bhikshus and bhikshunis (fully ordained monks and nuns) live and practice the traditional precepts including harmony, celibacy and purity of mind.

10. Master Hsu Yun (Xu Yun) Master HsuYun (Xuyun), commonly known as Empty Cloud in the West, was widely acknowledged as the greatest Chan master in the 20th century. He attained great awakening in 1896, at the age of 56. After that, for more than 60 years, he worked ceaseless to rejevenate chan buddhism in China. He lived from 1840 to 1959. This site contains teachings and biographical information about the master. http://hsuyun.udumbara.org/

Master Xu Yun Main Biography Teachings Poetry ... Links Other About Master Hsu Yun Welcome to this pages. Here you can find information about the buddhist Master Xu Yun, called Empty Cloud, the greatest master of Ch'an Buddhism in the last century. Please, feel free to click on left menu to navigate on this site. There is also a powerful search engine to get information. Any comment write to: hsuyun@udumbara.org Main About Help

11. Chan Buddhism chan buddhism. Chan is a school that developed in China from earlier Indian Buddhist meditation teachings. As Buddhism became firmly http://mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel/omm/B1601.htm

Chan Buddhism Chan is a school that developed in China from earlier Indian Buddhist meditation teachings. As Buddhism became firmly established in China, some practitioners began to focus almost exclusively on meditation. Near the end of the seventh century such practice was taught in an organized way by Hung-jen, later named the Fifth Patriarch of Chan. As his disciples fanned out across China, the Chan sect took form. Chan was later transmitted to Japan as Soto Zen and Rinzai Zen, to Korea as Soen, and Vietnam as Thien. Chan practice has three aspects: sitting meditation or zazen , koans, and daily life. Zazen is a practice with a careful physical posture, whose goal is to simply sit. This can be very difficult due to the innumerable interruptions of our thoughts and the desires and needs of our body. The Chan disciple begins zazen by following the breath and quieting wandering thoughts. All thoughts and sensations pass by without comment or acknowledgement. This sort of mental focus is concentrated on just sitting being fully aware of sitting and nothing else.

12. Shaolin Chi Mantis Buddhist Gongfu & Yang Taijiquan Century and became the founder of chan buddhism. chan buddhism became known as ZEN BUDDHISM in Japan. This Japanese version of chan buddhism is what most Americans are familiar http://shaolincom.com/door001M.html

13. The Garden Of Chan chan buddhism. The Lotus Sutra is such an important and wellknown sutra that even Buddhist schools not based on it comment on its validity and usefulness. http://mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel/omm/B1791.html

CHAN BUDDHISM The Lotus Sutra is such an important and well-known sutra that even Buddhist schools not based on it comment on its validity and usefulness. The following passage is a discussion between the Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism, Huineng, and a Chan monk named Fa-ta; it appears in the Platform Sutra. "There was another priest by the name of Fa-ta, who had been reciting the Lotus Sutra continuously for seven years, but his mind was still deluded and he did not know where the true Dharma lay. [He asked Hui-neng]: 'I have doubts about the sutra, and because the Master's wisdom is great, I beg of him to resolve my doubts.' ... Fa-ta brought the Lotus Sutra and read it through to the master. Hearing it, the Sixth Patriarch understood the Buddha's meaning, and then discoursed on the Lotus Sutra for the sake of Fa-ta. "The Sixth Patriarch said: 'Fa-ta, the Lotus Sutra does not say anything more than is needed. Throughout all its seven [chapters] it gives parables and tales about causation. The Tathagata's [i.e., Buddha's] preaching of the Three Vehicles was only because of the dullness of people in the world. The words of the sutra clearly state that there is only one vehicle of Buddhism, and that there is no other vehicle.' .... "The Master said: 'If you practice with the mind you turn the Lotus; if you do not practice with the mind, you are turned by the Lotus. If your mind is correct you will turn the Lotus; if your mind is incorrect you will be turned by the Lotus. If the wisdom of the Buddha is opened, you will turn the Lotus; if the 'wisdom' of sentient beings is opened, you will be turned by the Lotus.... If you practice the Dharma with great effort, this then is turning the sutra.'

14. Chan Buddhism - Encyclopedia Article About Chan Buddhism. Free Access, No Regist encyclopedia article about chan buddhism. chan buddhism in Free online English dictionary, thesaurus and encyclopedia. chan buddhism. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Chan Buddhism

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Chan Buddhism Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Chan pinyin Pinyin Hanyu pinyin Click the link for more information. Chán or Wade-Giles Wade-Giles , sometimes abbreviated Wade , is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade in the mid-19th century, and reached settled form with Herbert Giles's Chinese-English dictionary of 1912. It was the main system of transliteration in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century. Click the link for more information. Ch'an Chan Chán or Wade-Giles Ch'an , Sanskrit: Dhyna, Japanese: Zen) is a major school of Chinese Buddhism. Chan is largely a Chinese adaptation of Indian Dhyna mediation practices, and is also influenced by indigenous Chinese Taoism. According to traditional accounts, the school was founded by an Indian monk, Bodhidharma, who arrived in China in about 440 CE and taught at Shaolin Monastery. Bodhidharma was ostensibly the twenty-eighth patriarch in a lineage that extended all the way back to Shakyamuni Buddha. Click the link for more information.

15. Chan - Encyclopedia Article About Chan. Free Access, No Registration Needed. Wha See also Chan, chan buddhism, Zen, Ashtanga Yoga .. Click the link for more information. , Japanese zen Zen (Japanese Zen, ? http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Chan

Dictionaries: General Computing Medical Legal Encyclopedia Chan Word: Word Starts with Ends with Definition Chan pinyin Pinyin Hanyu pinyin Click the link for more information. Chán or Wade-Giles Wade-Giles , sometimes abbreviated Wade , is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade in the mid-19th century, and reached settled form with Herbert Giles's Chinese-English dictionary of 1912. It was the main system of transliteration in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century. Click the link for more information. Ch'an Chan Chán or Wade-Giles Ch'an , Sanskrit: Dhyna, Japanese: Zen) is a major school of Chinese Buddhism. Chan is largely a Chinese adaptation of Indian Dhyna mediation practices, and is also influenced by indigenous Chinese Taoism. According to traditional accounts, the school was founded by an Indian monk, Bodhidharma, who arrived in China in about 440 CE and taught at Shaolin Monastery. Bodhidharma was ostensibly the twenty-eighth patriarch in a lineage that extended all the way back to Shakyamuni Buddha. Click the link for more information.

16. ShaolinWolf.com Shaolin History. chan buddhism. Shaolin Training. Kung Fu Pictures. Register. chan buddhism. Meditation. Heart Sutra. Readings. EBooks. The Buddha. Shao Generation Poem. http://www.shaolinwolf.com/Buddhism/chanbuddhismindex.php

Main News Message Board Shaolin History ... Members Pictures USA Shaolin Temple Shi Yan Ming Shi Yan Ming Pictures Temple Pictures Technical Forums Kung Fu Techniques Kung Fu Drills Weapons Health Forums Nutrition Injuries Spiritual Forums Wolf's Nirvana Philosophies Meditation The Chan of Kung Fu Information E-Mail Register Chan Buddhism Meditation ... Shao Generation Poem Chan Buddhism Meditation Heart Sutra Readings The Buddha E-Books Shaolin Generation Poem ShaolinWolf.com

17. The Seventh World Of Chan Buddhism: Right Speech The Seventh World of chan buddhism ». Right Speech Chapter 13, Page 1 of 2 The Seventh World of chan buddhism. Chapter 13 Right Speech, Page 1 of 2 http://www.hsuyun.org/Dharma/zbohy/Literature/7thWorld/c13p1.html

Hsu Yun Poetry Literature Visual Arts ... The Seventh World of Chan Buddhism Right Speech [Chapter 13, Page 1 of 2] More Features (click here) Essays by Ming Zhen Shakya Inspirational Writings Chants Prayers Dharma Talks Martial Arts The Diamond Sutra Poetry by Master Hsu Yun The Seventh World of Chan Ruminations on Zen's Cows Empty Cloud: Zen Teachings Maxims of Master Han Shan Site Index Search Index Right Speech Third Step on the Path A word is dead when it is said, some say. I say it just begins to live that day. - Emily Dickinson Speech does our dirty work for us. In our quest for status, we are all confidence men. We lie, make promises, flatter, exaggerate, gossip, insult, twist truth or omit it, and employ speech in whatever way we can to further our ego's ambitions. No one should find it surprising that all religions prescribe silence in rather large doses when treating the maladies of speech. Silence, however, is not an antidote to poisonous speech. Just as we don't control anger by counting to ten when we feel anger rise, but merely use this 10count demilitarized time-zone as an opportunity to reconsider the situation, thereby destroying anger at its roots, so we don't use silence to control the problems of speech. Silence merely gives our tongue a sabbatical which our brain can put to good use. Analyzing the reasons we feel so compelled to contribute our thoughts, vocally or in script, privately or to the world at large, is the way we use Right Speech to achieve non-attachment. Usually, when we examine our desire to speak, we discover our ego's intention to gain status for itself.

18. ShaolinWolf.com chan buddhism. The practice of Shaolin Kung Fu includes the deeper understanding of chan buddhism. The studying of chan buddhism http://www.shaolinwolf.com/Buddhism/damotrip.htm

Main News Message Board Shaolin History ... Members Pictures USA Shaolin Temple Shi Yan Ming Shi Yan Ming Pictures Temple Pictures Technical Forums Kung Fu Techniques Kung Fu Drills Weapons Health Forums Nutrition Injuries Spiritual Forums Wolf's Nirvana Philosophies Meditation The Chan of Kung Fu Information Contact Us Register Chan Buddhism Meditation ... Shao Generation Poem Chan Buddhism The practice of Shaolin Kung Fu includes the deeper understanding of Chan Buddhism. The studying of Chan Buddhism is simply the deeper understanding of one's true self. This following is a story about the travels of a monk known in India as Bodhidharma and in China as Da Mo. After years of meditation at the Shaolin Temple, Da Mo founded the philosophy of Chan Buddhism.

19. Chan Buddhism And The Prophetic Poems Of William Blake developed into the WeiShih(a) or Consciousness-Only school of Buddhism. For a discussion of this school in a historical context see Wing-Tsit Chan.1963. http://www.american-buddha.com/chan.blake.htm

CH'AN BUDDHISM AND THE PROPHETIC POEMS OF WILLIAM BLAKE Site Map by Mark S. Ferrara Journal of Chinese Philosophy Vo.24 1997 PP. 59-73 Although the above constitute enough evidence to suggest Blake's familiarity with the East (particularly Indian thinking as found in the Vedic tradition) they do not fully explain the strange parallelism of thought between the English poet-painter's mythic philosophy and that of Mahayana Buddhism. They change their situations, in the Universal Man. Albion groans, he sees the Elements divide before his face... And Urizen assumes the East, Luvah assumes the South... And the Four Zoa's who are the Four Eternal Senses of Man Urizen, whose original position is in the south, displaces Luvah in the East. Subsequently, Luvah assumes the southern position, thus fragmenting the original harmony of the four. Urizen (the intellect) comes to dominate the psychic terrain, dividing reality into dualistic qualities. The senses are darkened, as they are no longer able to perceive reality as a complex of unified psychic properties. Blake interprets the rise of Urizen to the fore of consciousness as the main cause of the loss of "The Divine Vision," or the vision of the infinite in all things. This vision is the ability to perceive God, or the ground of existence, in everything and everywhere. As a result of the loss of this vision, the intellect that now dominates perception sees only the ratio between things, for

20. Chan - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from chan buddhism). Chan (? or ?, pinyin Chán or WadeGiles Ch an, Sanskrit Dhyana, Japanese Zen) is a major school of Chinese Buddhism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Buddhism

Chan Categories Chinese thought From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Chan Buddhism Buddhism Terms and concepts People ... List of topics Chan pinyin Chán or Wade-Giles Ch'an , Sanskrit: , Japanese: Zen ) is a major school of Chinese Buddhism Taoism . According to traditional accounts, the school was founded by an Indian monk, Bodhidharma , who arrived in China in about 440 CE and taught at Shaolin Monastery . Bodhidharma was ostensibly the twenty-eighth patriarch in a lineage that extended all the way back to Shakyamuni Buddha Bodhidharma is recorded as having come to China to teach a "separate transmission outside of the texts" which "did not rely upon textuality." His insight was then transmitted through a series of Chinese patriarchs, the most famous of whom was the Sixth Patriarch, Hui Neng . A modern revisionist theory, however, suggests that Chan began to develop gradually in different regions of China as a grass-roots movement. According this view, Chan was a reaction to a perceived imbalance in Chinese Buddhism toward the blind pursuit of textual scholarship with a concomitant neglect of the original essence of Buddhist practice: meditation and the cultivation of right view. After the time of Hui Neng (circa CE), Chan began to branch off into numerous different schools, each with their own special emphasis, but all of which kept the same basic focus on meditational practice, personal instruction and grounded personal experience. During the late Tang and the Song periods, the tradition truly flowered, as a wide number of eminent teachers, such as

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