21. Theism, Atheism, And Rationality Truth Journal. Theism, atheism, and Rationality. Alvin Plantinga. Alvin Plantinga has been called the most important philosopher of http://www.leaderu.com/truth/3truth02.html

Academics Humanities Social Sciences Sciences Theology ... Faculty Offices Departments Current Issues Publications Conferences/Events Apologetics ... What's New Special Interest Past Features Other Sites Help LU About LU ... Feedback Navigation Site Map Site Index Advanced Search Browsing Help ... LU Home LU Updates Receive LU-Announce Truth Journal Theism, Atheism, and Rationality Alvin Plantinga God and Other Minds The Nature of Necessity , and Faith and Rationality . Several of his articles, which have appeared in journals such as Theoria American Philosophical Quarterly Philosophical Studies Journal of Philosophy , and so forth, have been hailed as masterpieces of the metaphysician's craft. Atheological objections to the belief that there is such a person as God come in many varieties. There are, for example, the familiar objections that theism is somehow incoherent, that it is inconsistent with the existence of evil, that it is a hypothesis ill-confirmed or maybe even disconfirmed by the evidence, that modern science has somehow cast doubt upon it, and the like. Another sort of objector claims, not that theism is incoherent or false or probably false (after all, there is precious little by way of cogent argument for that conclusion) but that it is in some way unreasonable or irrational to believe in God, even if that belief should happen to be true. Here we have, as a centerpiece, the

22. The Psychology Of Atheism Truth Journal. The Psychology of atheism. Professor Paul C. Vitz. The The Psychology of atheism Social and Personal Motives. There http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth12.html

Academics Humanities Social Sciences Sciences Theology ... Faculty Offices Departments Current Issues Publications Conferences/Events Apologetics ... What's New Special Interest Past Features Other Sites Help LU About LU ... Feedback Navigation Site Map Site Index Advanced Search Browsing Help ... LU Home LU Updates Receive LU-Announce Truth Journal The Psychology of Atheism Professor Paul C. Vitz The title of this paper, "The Psychology of Atheism," may seem strange. Certainly, my psychological colleagues have found it odd and even, I might add, a little disturbing. After all, psychology, since its founding roughly a century ago, has often focused on the opposite topic-namely the psychology of religious belief. Indeed, in many respects the origins of modern psychology are intimately bound up with the psychologists who explicitly proposed interpretations of belief in God. William James and Sigmund Freud, for example, were both personally and professionally deeply involved in the topic. Recall The Will to Believe by James, as well as his still famous

23. Íàó÷íûé àòåèçì. The summary for this Russian page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.atheism.ru/

E-mail "Íàó÷íîå çíàíèå è ðåëèãèÿ íà ðóáåæå XXI âåêà" Warrax`à Muxa E-mail "Íàó÷íîå çíàíèå è ðåëèãèÿ íà ðóáåæå XXI âåêà" Warrax`à Muxa

24. Index Of /www/atheism Parent Directory 15Apr-2002 0157 - Apache/1.3.27 Server at www.hti.net Port 80......Index of /www/atheism. Name Last modified Size http://www.hti.net/www/atheism/

Index of /www/atheism Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 15-Apr-2002 01:57 - Apache/1.3.27 Server at www.hti.net Port 80

25. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Atheism atheism. (a privative, and theos, God, ie without God). atheism is that system of thought which is formally opposed to theism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02040a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Atheism A B C D ... Z Atheism a privative, and theos God , i.e. without God Atheism is that system of thought which is formally opposed to theism. Since its first coming into use the term atheism has been very vaguely employed, generally as an epithet of accusation against any system that called in question the popular gods of the day. Thus while Socrates was accused of atheism (Plato, Apol., 26,c.) and Diagoras called an atheist by Cicero (Nat. Deor., I, 23), Democritus and Epicurus were styled in the same sense impious (without respect for the gods) on account of their trend of their new atomistic philosophy . In this sense too, the early Christians were known to the pagans as atheists, because they denied the heathen gods; while, from time to time, various religious and philisophical systems have, for similar reasons, been deemed atheistic. Though atheism, historically considered, has meant no more in the past critical or sceptical denial of the theology of those who have employed the term as one of reproach, and has consquently no one strict philisophical meaning; though there is no one consistent system in the exposition of which it has a definite place; yet, if we consider it in its broad meaning as merely the opposite of theism, we will be able to frame such divisions as will make possible a grouping of definite systems under this head. And in so doing so we shall at once be adopting both the historical and the philosophical view. For the common basis of all systems of theism as well as the cardinal tenet of all popular religion at the present day is indubitably a belief in the existence of a personal

26. Atheism The Case for Evolution Note The theory of evolution does not necessarily entail atheism, but I include this section because many religious individuals argue http://hem.passagen.se/nicb/atheism.htm

Click here for frames. "Question with boldness even the existence of God; because, if there be one, he must more approve of the homage of reason than that of blindfolded fear." - Thomas Jefferson I am an atheist ( is that at all possible? ), which means that I do not believe in the existence of any gods or other supernatural beings. I was a Christian for over a decade, but I gradually began to realize, through calm, rational reasoning, that there was, in fact, no reason whatever for supposing Christianity true. I invite you to find out for yourself why this is so. I also urge you to leave the Church of Sweden, if you are a member. For information on this and a form to fill out, click here Introduction An Introduction to Atheism from the Secular Web, which is recommended for those unfamiliar with the definitions of and bases for atheism. What Is Atheism? , a clarifying definition. Atheist Commentary , some brief answers by George H. Smith to the most common questions about atheism. Is Atheism Logical? , an essay by Mark I. Vuletic

27. The Fascist Ideology Of Star Trek Provocative essay on themes of militarism, collectivism, and atheism in the popular scifi series. http://www.friesian.com/trek.htm

28. Carm, Theological Dictionary, A - B (Compare atheism, Deism, and Theism.). Astrology is very prominent in the New Age. atheism This word comes from two Greek words, a the negator, and theos, God. http://www.carm.org/dictionary/dic_a-b.htm

C HRISTIAN A R ESEARCH M INISTRY www.carm.org HOME PAGE A. D. - Bride of Christ A.D. From the Latin, "Anno Domini," which means in the year of our Lord. The Western Calendar is dated from the birth of Christ. Therefore, 2000 A.D. means 2000 years after the birth of Jesus. A priori Knowledge, judgments, and principles which are true without verification or testing. It is universally true. Abaddon The Hebrew word for "destroyer" whose Greek equivalent was "Apollyon." Abaddon is the satanic angel of the Abyss ( Rev. 9:11 Absolution In Catholicism , the act of releasing someone from their sin by God, through the means of a priest. Abyss The abode of the dead and the place where evil spirits are imprisoned ( Rev. 9:1-11 Active Obedience As distinguished from passive obedience in Reformed Theology. Active obedience is Jesus' actively fulfilling all the law of God. This active obedience is imputed to the believer when he believes; that is, God reckons to the believer the righteousness of Christ when the believer trusts in Christ and His work. Adiaphora Teachings and practices that are neither commanded nor forbidden in scripture. An example might be whether or not to use a sound-board in a church, to meet in a tent or a building, to have two or more services or simply one on the day of worship.

29. SPIRITUAL SPECTRUM TV SERIES Topics from meditation to medicide, from love to capital punishment, from atheism to Christianity, from vegetarianism to life after death. RealVideo files of 14 years of programming. http://www.spiritualspectrum.org/

gradient("",""); document.write(''); gradient("",""); document.write(''); gradient("Since 1985, Spiritual Spectrum TV Series has covered a variety of topics, from meditation to medicide, from love to capital punishment, from atheism to Christianity, from vegetarianism to life after death. You name it and we've probably covered it. Over one hundred individual programs are currently available and you can view a complete list with photos on our List of Spiritual Spectrum Programs link. At our Online Video Gallery below, you can watch twenty full-length, FREE one-hour episodes on your computer during your visit. Tune in for a refreshing drink, and please let us know what you think.","FF0080 FFFF37 FF80C0 8000FF 1DF3BE"); document.write(''); gradient("",""); document.write(""); Click here to go to the Spiritual Spectrum Online Video Gallery Read about past friends of Spiritual Spectrum Download Larry Barnhart's free book, A Farm Boy's Testament to the UN Spiritual Spectrum TV Series * C/O Enoch Productions PO Box 18464 * Denver CO USA 80218-0464 nospam_email("comcast.net","juliosemail","Click here to send us an E-mail")

30. Panlatrevo -- Home Religious philosophy resources and discussions on religion, spirituality, atheism and freethought. Centers on Taoist philosophy. http://www.panlatrevo.com/

HOME TEXTS AND SCRIPTURES TAO ESSAYS TAO RESOURCES ... TAO LINKS SEARCH Keywords here: Advanced Search TAOIST TEXTS TAO TE CHING CHUANG TZU I CHING LIEH TZU WEN TZU HUA HU CHING QINGJING JING NEIYEH OTHER TEXTS CHENG TAO KO FAITH IN MIND TEN BULLS ART OF WAR RANDOM I CHING Hexegram: Kou MISCELLANEOUS TAO ESSAYS TAO RESOURCES TAO BOOKS TAO LINKS ... FEEDBACK Panlatrevo Home Site Updates and News After a long absence, I have started to work on this website again. I am currently updating the website code and have plans to add the Lieh Tzu I Ching , more book recomendations and more essays in the comming months. In the mean time, if anyone would like to recomend any Taoism websites, forums or e-mail lists, please send me an e-mail and I'll consider linking to them. Added the Neiyeh to Texts and Scriptures Added Tao Te Ching, Chapter One by Ellen M. Chen to Tao Essays and Articles Added The Bike Path to Tao Essays and Articles Added four more chapters (4, 6, 23, 28) to the Hua Hu Ching Added two chapters (2, 9) to the Hua Hu Ching That's all very nice, but what is this place?

31. BBC - Religion & Ethics - Atheism The essentials. atheism is not a belief. atheism is the absence of belief in God. Living. Related Links. BBCi, Latest atheism news. NonBBC. Humanists. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index WEDNESDAY 2nd June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage Religions Atheism ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! The essentials Atheism is not a belief. Atheism is the absence of belief in God. Atheists are people who do not believe in God or other spiritual beings. The basics Introduction Reasons Features History Rituals Types of Atheism Features H J Blackham Editor of New Humanist, Jim Herrick, looks back at the work of renowned Humanist H. J. Blackham, as he celebrates his 100th birthday. What Atheists think of religions Many atheists criticise religion strongly, but they do find some good bits, too. A-Z of world religions Choose Atheism Baha'i Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam Jainism Judaism Mormon Paganism Shinto Sikhism Unitarianism Have your say Newsletter Living Related Links BBCi Latest Atheism news Non-BBC Humanists National Secular Society British Humanist Association Religious Tolerance.org - Atheism The BBC is not responsible for the content of external websites

32. The Secular Web Agnosticism, atheism, freethought, humanism, and rationalism on the Web http://www.infidels.org

33. BBC - Religion & Ethics - Atheism News atheism news stories atheism features. Please note that some sources may require registration. Anger over call to teach children atheism in school. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/news/newsatheism.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index WEDNESDAY 2nd June 2004 Text only BBC Homepage Religions Ethics ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Atheism features Please note that some sources may require registration. God barred from civil weddings Sunday Times 30 May 2004 REGISTER offices are banning some of Britain’s best loved poems from being read out at weddings because they contain “religious” words. Officials are refusing to allow the reading of works that include words such as “soul”, “God” or “grace” because they contravene rules that civil marriage ceremonies must be secular. Please note that some sources may require registration. Evolutionary miologist Maynard Smith dies Associated Press 29 Apr 2004 John Maynard Smith, a leading evolutionary biologist widely credited with taking the radical step of applying game theory to the subject, has died at the age of 84. Please note that some sources may require registration. J. Maynard Smith, 84, Who Saw Darwinism as Game Theory, Dies New York Times 29 Apr 2004 Dr. John Maynard Smith, an evolutionary biologist who revolutionized the study of animal behavior by applying the principles of game theory, died on April 19 at his home in Sussex, England. He was 84.

34. Affirming Humanism What is humanism and what is it all about? How does it compare to religion? Some ideas from the About.com Guide to Agnosticism and atheism. http://atheism.about.com/library/weekly/aa092398.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') Tac(zh+'te.'+uy+'/blank.gif',zJs) About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism Affirming Humanism Dateline: September 23, 1998 Considering the level and intensity of attacks levied against humanism by religious conservatives in the media, from the pulpit, and on the internet, one might be lead to think that there is something to all of their allegations. But is there? In an intermittent series of essays, I intend to address a variety of those allegations and examine whether or not they enjoy a solid foundation. One common misconception which is often seen being bandied about is the idea that humanism embodies some sort of dogmatic creed . Most humanists will find this laughable, but they should not shrug it off too quickly. Enough people actually believe it that we really need to deal with it.

35. Irregular Times: Further Than Atheism Welcome to Further Than atheism. Written share. It is based upon the insight that atheism should be a beginning, not an end in itself. http://www.irregulartimes.com/further.html

Welcome to Further Than Atheism. Written for non-believers of all stripes , Further Than Atheism is an ongoing attempt to explore the territory that lies beyond the rejection of gods that all atheists share. It is based upon the insight that atheism should be a beginning, not an end in itself. By focusing merely upon what they do not believe, atheists restrict themselves to mere reaction to the ideas of the religious. Atheism consists only of negation, but it allows for many possible affirmations as well. The search for such possibilities is what Further Than Atheism is all about. Isn't Atheism Enough? An introduction to the column Protecting the Freedom to Disbelieve Think your vote doesn't count this fall? Think again. To Church or Not to Church : The decision to congregate is a matter of personal preference Mythology For All On Liberty and Libertarians : How would atheists fare with libertarians in power? Can Atheists Celebrate Holidays? The Danger of Easy Answers Dumb Laws That Impose Religion In Really Silly Ways Can Environmentalism Replace Religion?

36. Atheism Central For Secondary School Students - Home Page atheism Central for Secondary Schools Help and general support for atheist students attending religious studies courses in secondary schools in the United http://www.eclipse.co.uk/thoughts/

Atheism Central for Secondary Schools Help and general supp ort for atheist students attending religious studies courses in secondary schools in the United Kingdom Click for recent updates (feature needs IE4) Site Overview - - - - scroll down to take the Poll!! Why be an atheist? Letter to an atheist Why believe in God? Where religious power comes from ... Letter from Thomas A secular Jew and a former Moslem write on atheism here and here Tricks of the trade Wayne's World 13 Guest writers Monthly update Letter to an RE teacher 5 Sample essay answers Superman and Clark Kent Einstein ... Links page E-mail think@writeme.com "Where knowledge begins, religion ends." Ulugh Beg Viceroy of Samarkand 1410 -1449 I take my hat off to Ulugh - for most of history the religionists have murdered those who expressed such opinions - Atheism Central "So for scientists and others who worry about the grip of religious faith, I say continue to light a brighter candle and chase back the darkness."

37. The Page Of Reason -- Arguments For Humanism, Reason, Science, Atheism And Socia Arguments for atheism and Humanism, quotes, music, thoughts, essays, books, and philosophy. http://WWW.Update.UU.SE/~fbendz/

LinkExchange Member What's New? Search The Page of Reason Click here to feed the poor without paying a dime This page is under constant evolution! You are visitor number 87746 since Feb 15 1996. "I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours." Stephen Roberts About the author The philosophy of this page Some useful links ... The Anti Page! (You'll hate it) The files on this site Easy-to-find map. Framed version Question of the month Please fill in my little survey Religion poll ... Reason! Message board Statistics for this page My other pages Sign Guestbook View Guestbook ... Sects Last update: Saturday, January 18, 2003 © Fredrik Bendz S-mail : here E-mail : http://welcome.to/reason The Page of Reason Sweden The World Usenet Eat this spam harvester! Tell your friends about The Page of Reason

38. Atheism atheism. atheism is the philosophy that there are no gods ( a = without, theos = god). (see also Occam s Razor as justification of atheism) http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ATHEISM.html

Atheism Atheism is the philosophy that there are no god s ("a" = without, "theos" = god) The simplest argument for atheism follows from Occam's Razor : from different equivalent explanations, choose the simplest one. If we cannot explain more things by postulating the existence of God than we can without, then we should prefer the theory without. The fact that this principle is not sufficient to prove that God does not exist, is not very relevant. After all, nobody can prove that unicorns, flying toasters or 23-legged purple elephants do not exist, but that does not make their existence any more likely. (see also: Occam's Razor as justification of atheism This assumes that the existence of God does not explain anything. However, the most typical argument for the existence of God is that creation by God is needed to explain the complexity of the universe around us. Apart from the fact that that same complexity can already be explained by straightforward principles of evolution and self-organization , the introduction of God does not in any way contribute to explanation, since it just pushes the phenomenon to be explained one step away. If God explains the existence of the universe, then what explains the existence of God? Since the concept of God is neither simpler nor more intuitive than the concept of the Universe, explaining God's origin is not in any way easier than explaining the origin of the Universe. On the contrary, since God is in principle unknowable, we cannot even hope to explain His coming into being. On the other hand, although the Universe may never be grasped in its totality, there are definitely many aspects of it that are observable and understandable, and lend themselves to ever more complete explanations. In conclusion, postulating God as an explanation does not only make the theory unnecessarily complicated, it even obscures those phenomena that might have been explained otherwise.

39. Atheism FAQ: Atheism, Holidays And Rituals atheism, Holidays and Rituals Should atheists participate in religious holidays? Is atheism compatible with any sort of holiday or ritual, with or without religious origins? How should atheists handle family events around religious holiday seaons? http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/ath/blfaq_ath_hol_index.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') Tac(zh+'te.'+uy+'/blank.gif',zJs) About Agnosticism / Atheism Home Essentials ... Evolution vs. Creationism zau(256,152,145,'gob','http://z.about.com/5/ad/go.htm?gs='+gs,''); Does God Exist? Ethics and Morality Islam and Muslims Religious Right ... Help zau(256,138,125,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/0.htm','');w(xb+xb); Stay Current Subscribe to the About Agnosticism / Atheism newsletter. Search Agnosticism / Atheism This feature has moved: Please update your bookmarks. From Austin Cline Your Guide to Agnosticism / Atheism Sign up for my Newsletter RATE THIS ARTICLE Would you recommend this article? Not at all Definitely Most Popular Atheism Guide: Introduction to atheism, agnosticism, freetho... Islam FAQ: Muslim Beliefs Skepticism and Critical Thinking What's Hot Pledge of Allegiance, Under God - Recent News and Posts The Ten Commandments: Catholics vs. Protestants Atheists and Republicans: Should Atheists Vote for the Repub... Quotes on Religion - Phyllis Schlafly ... User Agreement

40. The Atheism Web: Logic & Fallacies atheism Web's guide to logic and fallacies in practical reasoning. http://www.infidels.org/news/atheism/logic.html

Map Overview Introduction Common Arguments Freethought Organizations ... Miscellany The Atheism Web Portuguese Hebrew Introduction There's a lot of debate on the net. Unfortunately, much of it is of very low quality. The aim of this document is to explain the basics of logical reasoning, and hopefully improve the overall quality of debate. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines logic as "the science of reasoning, proof, thinking, or inference." Logic will let you analyze an argument or a piece of reasoning, and work out whether it is likely to be correct or not. You don't need to know logic to argue, of course; but if you know even a little, you'll find it easier to spot invalid arguments. There are many kinds of logic, such as fuzzy logic and constructive logic; they have different rules, and different strengths and weaknesses. This document discusses simple Boolean logic, because it's commonplace and relatively easy to understand. When people talk about something being 'logical', they usually mean the type of logic described here. What logic isn't It's worth mentioning a couple of things which logic is not.

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