61. Alternate Temperaments: Theory And Philosophy Introduction to tuning systems, based on the cents system. Written by Terry Blackburn. http://www.rdrop.com/users/tblackb/music/temperament/

Music - Tuning and Temperament Alternate Temperaments: Theory and Philosophy (The beginner's field guide to alternate temperaments) Introduction Very, very brief history Circle of fifths and the harmonic series Do the Math... ... Merchandise! INTRODUCTION: Are you feeling just a bit temperamental? Well! Then this is the place for you! But if you're expecting to determine your sanguine to phlegmatic balance here, I'm sorry to disappoint you. VERY, VERY BRIEF HISTORY Back in the old days (as long ago as yesterday in some circles, but nearly 200 years ago for the most part) instrument tuning was anything but a standard art. Clear back in the days of Pythagoras it was recognized that there are problems with creating a perfectly tuned scale. Over the centuries there have been innumerable attempts to create tuning schemes that preserve the richness of perfectly tuned intervals while minimizing and distributing the errors that naturally occur when doing so. CIRCLE OF FIFTHS AND HARMONIC SERIES We'll talk about this 'error' and where it comes from in a minute. In order to continue, we must make some assumptions: First, you are familiar with the circle of fifths (c g d a e b f# c# g# d# a# (e#)f c). Second, you have a general working knowledge of frequency, harmonics (remember that long spring in physics class?) and the harmonic series.

62. Authentication In Distributed Systems: Theory And Practice This paper is at http//www.research.microsoft.com. Abstract We describea theory of authentication and a system that implements it. http://research.microsoft.com/lampson/45-AuthenticationTheoryAndPractice/Abstrac

Authentication in Distributed Systems: Theory and Practice Citation: B. Lampson, M. Abadi, M. Burrows, and E. Wobber. Authentication in distributed systems: Theory and practice. ACM Trans. Computer Systems , 4 (Nov. 1992), pp 265-310. Links: Postscript Acrobat Web page Word Email: blampson@microsoft.com. This paper is at http://www.research.microsoft.com. Abstract: We describe a theory of authentication and a system that implements it. Our theory is based on the notion of principal and a ‘speaks for’ relation between principals. A simple principal either has a name or is a communication channel; a compound principal can express an adopted role or delegated authority. The theory shows how to reason about a principal’s authority by deducing the other principals that it can speak for; authenticating a channel is one important application. We use the theory to explain many existing and proposed security mechanisms. In particular, we describe the system we have built. It passes principals efficiently as arguments or results of remote procedure calls, and it handles public and shared key encryption, name lookup in a large name space, groups of principals, program loading, delegation, access control, and revocation.

63. Digital Systems Research Center: Report 83 Butler Lampson, Martin Abadi, Michael Burrows, Edward Wobber. February 4, 1992We describe a theory of authentication and a system that implements it. http://gatekeeper.research.compaq.com/pub/DEC/SRC/research-reports/abstracts/src

SRC Research Report 83 Authentication in Distributed Systems: Theory and Practice Butler Lampson, Martin Abadi, Michael Burrows, Edward Wobber February 4, 1992 We describe a theory of authentication and a system that implements it. Our theory is based on the notion of principal and a "speaks for" relation between principals. A simple principal either has a name or is a communication channel; a compound principal can express an adopted role or delegation of authority. The theory shows how to reason about a principal's authority be deducing the other principals that it can speak for; authenticating a channel is one important application. We use the theory to explain many existing and proposed mechanisms for security. In particular, we describe the system we have built. It passes principals efficiently as arguments or results of remote procedure calls, and it handles public and shared key encryption, name lookup in a large name space, groups of principals, loading programs, delegation, access control, and revocation. Back to the SRC Research Reports main page Download report as: PostScript compressed with UNIX compress 160 Kbytes PostScript compressed with GNU compress (gzip) 128 Kbytes PostScript compressed with ZIP 128 Kbytes PostScript 440 Kbytes Portable Document Format (PDF) 232 Kbytes

64. Nonlinear Indicial Prediction Home Page of Nielsen Engineering and Research's indicial prediction system technology. Includes generalized impulse response identification for unsteady aerodynamics, aeroservoelasticity, earthquake engineering, electromagnetics, and nonlinear seakeeping....... http://www.nearinc.com/ips/web2/IPS.html

Welcome to NEAR's Indicial Prediction System home page. By following the links, you will find information on the following: Applications of nonlinear indicial response theory to unsteady aerodynamics modeling System identification using the generalized impulse response function of a nonlinear system Relationship between Volterra series modeling and nonlinear indicial theory (i.e., relationship between nonlinear indicial functions and Volterra kernels) Techniques for unsteady modeling and simulation of multivariate nonlinear systems If you are viewing this text, your browser may lack the ability to handle frames. You may still view all the indicial prediction system pages from the contents page, by clicking on 'Contents' below. Contents

65. Minding The Planet: Systems Theory been thinking about lately for a new kind of discrete system for evolving the pointsat which loops intersect ( crossings, to use knot theory terminology) are http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/systems_theory/

Minding the Planet About Me Add me to your TypePad People list Syndicate this site (XML) Photo Albums Radar Networks Featured Ideas It's Time for a Virtual Species Diversity Ark Humans Should Intentionally Seed Life on Mars. Why We Must Start Now. Using Nanoparticles to Augment Human Brains...? How to Make the iPod Better ... The Human Menome Project People I Like Joi Ito Joi is smart. He does a lot of blogging. He has a video camera on his Mac laptop that he uses for wireless videoconferencing. He lives in Japan. Kris Thorisson Kris has been working with me for years on the design of the Radar Networks software, a new platform for the Semantic Web. He has a PhD from the MIT Media Lab. He designs intelligent humanoids and virtual realities. He is from Iceland, which makes him pretty cool. Jim Wissner Jim is among the most talented software developers I've ever worked with. He's a prolific Java coder and an expert on XML. He's the lead engineer for Radar Networks. Marin Spivack This is my brother's site for Tai Chi he's been studying and practicing extensively for years and now he's a teacher. I think he is probably one of the best, most authentic, Tai Chi teachers in the USA now. Debra Rodman Debra is a good friend; she's a really talented fashion designer. She started the yoga fashion craze. Check out her site.

66. Solar System - Celestial Mechanics A theory about the rotation of sun and planets, planetary rings, origin of solar system, solar cycles and climate variations. http://www.heeke.com/franz

Solar System - Celestial Mechanics Franz Heeke - Muenster/Germany A fluid in a glass rotates, when eccentrically shaken. My hypothesis: such "shaker effects" play an important role in celestial mechanics, driving and controlling the rotation of sun and planets. The mechanism of interaction is described in following article. "Shaker effects" are most probably of influence also on our weather and climate. Article Rotation of Sun and Planets / Shaker Effects 1. Shaker Effects - Explanation 2. Sun's Motion and Sunspots 3. Rotation of Sun and Planets 4. Planetary Rings 5. Mean Density of Planets 6. Solar System - Origin 7. Shaker Effects and Climate 8. Areas of Research Figure 1 : Sun's Motion and Sunspots Figure 2 Approximate Motion of Jupiter and Saturn - Planetary Data Bibliography The Author F.Heeke - Homepage 3-98 (Updated 02-2003)

67. CALResCo's Introduction To Complex Systems I. Introduction Complex systems theory Basic Definition. Complex systems theoryalso includes the study of the interactions of the many parts of the system. http://www.calresco.org/intro.htm

Introduction to Complex Systems by David Kirshbaum Outline of Contents I. Introduction: Complex Systems Theory : Basic Definition II. Four Important Characteristics of Complexity: Self-Organization Non-Linearity Order/Chaos Dynamic Emergent Properties III. Computer Programming approaches used for demonstrating, simulating, and analyzing these characteristics of Complex Systems: Artificial Life Genetic Algorithms Neural Networks Cellular Automata ... Boolean Networks I. Introduction to Complex Systems Theory : Basic Definition A Complex System is any system which involves a number of elements, arranged in structure(s) which can exist on many scales. These go through processes of change that are not describable by a single rule nor are reducible to only one level of explanation, these levels often include features whose emergence cannot be predicted from their current specifications. Complex Systems Theory also includes the study of the interactions of the many parts of the system. Previously, when studying a subject, researchers tended to use a reductionist approach which attempted to summarize the dynamics, processes, and change that occurred in terms of lowest common denominators and the simplest, yet most widely provable and applicable elegant explanations.

68. Free Energy Propulsion Magnetic System A proposed theory on how to challenge Newton's Third law of motion and make a free energy propulsion system. http://magnetic.propulsion.mysite.freeserve.com

69. ISTP/GGS MAMI This investigation is part of the International Solar Terrestrial Project (ISTP). The program combines satellite and ground based observations with theory and modeling to better understand the energetics and dynamics of the near Earth environment. http://odin.gi.alaska.edu/MAMI/

Modeling of the Atmosphere Magnetosphere Ionosphere System (MAMI) Welcome to the home page of the MAMI investigation at the Geophysical Institute (Space Physics Group) of the University of Alaska , Fairbanks. This investigation is part of the International Solar Terrestrial Project (ISTP) . This program combines satellite and ground based observations with theory and modeling to better understand the energetics and dynamics of the near Earth environment. The MAMI investigation focuses on modeling of the upper atmosphere, using all available data sources. Note: Funding for our ISTP investigation has run out, and although smaller projects involving the satellite images are still going on, this web site is not maintained or updated anymore. Topics: Overview Models AURORA AMIE TIEGCM Examples Image analysis Dynamics Explorer example Isolate the aurora in an image UVI image of sunlit aurora AURORA simulation ... TIEGCM simulation Sample Images from Polar UVI Picture of the Day VIS recent image PIXIE X-ray Image of the Day ISTP/GGS data analysis Introduction List of events Some relevant publications People ... Sorted WWW links (annotated and frequently updated) Access counter since 23 January 1997: Last updated: 28 October 97 Questions? Comments?

70. HU Berlin: Institut Für Informatik Department of Computer Science. Research groups focus on system analysis, software engineering, theory of programming, databases and information systems, artificial intelligence, data analysis, computer science in education and society, parallel and distributed computing, automata, systems theory, algorithms, complexity, computer architecture, communication, signal processing, and pattern recognition. http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/

Keine Frames? -> Kein Problem. Legen Sie Ihre Startseite auf www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/home.shtml

71. Systems Theory In Archaeology - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia A Middle Range theory could describe any cultural system outside of its specificcultural context, for example, the archaeology of Agriculture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory_in_Archaeology

Systems theory in archaeology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Systems theory in Archaeology Systems theory is not native to archaeology . It originated with the work of Ludwig von Bertalanffy who attempted to construct a theory that would explain the interactions of different variables in a variety of systems, no matter what those variables actually represented. It was thought that any system could be thought of as a group of interacting parts and the relative influence of these parts followed rules which, once formulated could be used to describe the system no matter what the actual components were (Trigger, 1989: 303). This theoretical framework was at one point thought to be the Rosetta Stone for Processualist archaeologists. For years they had floundered trying to find a set of theories that could be used to explain , not just describe, cultural change over time in a scientific manner. Binford stated the problem in New Perspectives in Archaeology , identifying the Low Range Theory, the Middle Range Theory, and the Upper Range Theory. The Low Range Theory could be used to explain a specific aspect of a specific culture, such as the Archaeology of Mesoamerican Agriculture. A Middle Range Theory could describe any cultural system outside of its specific cultural context, for example, the archaeology of Agriculture. An Upper Range Theory can explain any cultural system, independent of any specifics and regardless of the nature of the variables. At the time Binford thought the Middle Range Theory may be as far as Archaeologists could ever go, but in the mid-1970's some believed that Systems Theory offered the definitive Upper Range Theory.

72. The NEITHER Theory Revision System A propositional theory refinement system that will modify a incomplete or incorrect rule base so as to make it consistent with a set of input training examples. Free http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ml/neither.html

NEITHER NEITHER is a propositional theory refinement system that will modify a incomplete or incorrect rule base so as to make it consistent with a set of input training examples. NEITHER has been extended to revise both Horn clauses and M-of-N rules. An iterative greedy method is used to efficiently compute repairs. NEITHER has also been used as part of separate system, ASSERT, which performs student modeling. ASSERT (Acquiring Stereotypical Student Errors using Refinement of Theories) is an intelligent tutoring system which inputs a knowledge base describing a domain and a set of student errors on that domain and outputs a tutoring program tailored to fit student needs. Student behavior on the domain is modeled by collecting any refinements to the knowledge base (made by NEITHER) that were necessary to account for the student's behavior. These models are then used to generated feedback which should help raise student peformance on that domain. The complete NEITHER Software System is available via anonymous ftp . This software contains the following items: The ASSERT Tutoring System The CPP System - The specifics of a C++ Tutorial The NEITHER System PFOIL - a propositional FOIL induction system A system introduction and breakdown, including compilation instructions and execution traces.

73. Structure Of Sub-atomic Particles (magnetic Ring Theory) States that there is no electric charge. What we experience is the charge like properties of the subatomic particle which is a dynamical system of spinning magnetic rings. http://www.geocities.com/magneticringtheory/

STRUCTURE OF SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES (Magnetic Ring Theory) K.M.Doshi, Mumbai, India. doshikm@hotmail.com         1. Preamble Electric Charge emits uniform electric field in all directions around it. So long as the charged particle is stationary there is no difficulty in understanding its emission. However, when it was discovered that a particle has spin and magnetic properties attached to it, things required review about the whole structure of the particle. Discovery of spin and magnetic moment suggests that the particle must be a dynamical system of magnetic fields and its electric charge like properties should be the result of the movements of magnetic fields. Keeping this in view, a dynamical system comprising of a pair magnetic rings spinning around their tangential axis has been evolved. The system emits uniform electric field and appears to be correct replacement of electric charge. More so because such a system has inherent spin and magnetic moment. The proposed theory is conceptually satisfactory and does not need any abstract mathematical  picture.

74. Whole Systems Various postings to wholesysl The essential new quality implied by thequantum theory is that a system cannot be analyzed into parts. http://www.worldtrans.org/whole.html

This area is devoted to the study of whole systems. Nature is a whole system. But also an economy, a family, a company, a community, or many other things, can be looked at as whole systems. A whole system view would include all the factors involved and examine how they relate to each other and how they work as a whole. To deal with a whole system we can't leave anything out as irrelevant. Intuition is as important as rationality, we must address both scientific and artistic approaches, both material and spritual needs, the small as well as the big, what we feel as well as what we think, what we perceive as well as what we imagine. Whole systems are dynamic, they change they move, they develop. Frozen pictures of how things are supposed to be might do us no good, we need to deal with the live systems, whichever surprising directions that might take us in. There is no one authority in the field of whole systems. Luckily nobody has monopolized it by putting it into a standard curriculum defining what it IS. So, we all have the opportunity to discover together what whole systems are about. There is a Whole Systems mailing list for the exploration of whole systems principles, particularly in regards to economic, ecological, sociological and metaphysical transformation of our civilization.

75. Input/Data Acquisition System Design For Human Computer Interfacing A very good tutorial on the theory and design of various types of sensors for ManMachine interface. http://www-ccrma.stanford.edu/CCRMA/Courses/252/sensors/sensors.html

Next: 1 Introduction Input/Data Acquisition System Design for Human Computer Interfacing William Putnam and R. Benjamin Knapp A gzipped postscript hardcopy version of these notes is available. 1 Introduction 2 General Overview 2.1 The Sensor 2.2 Signal Conditioning ... About this document ... Tim Stilson Thu Oct 17 16:32:33 PDT 1996

76. Design Of Signage System - Theory, Applications, And Resources theory, Application and Design of Sigange systems. Directional Graphicsfor Interior and Exterior architural and open public spaces. http://www.idc.iitb.ac.in/ravi/signage/

Theory Notes Theory Paper Case Study Process Version Contact Design of Signage Systems Application Graphic Symbol Identity Program Iconic Interface Technology ... IIT Bombay Resources Industry Institutions Miscellaneous Publications

77. Linear Systems Theory a good theory about the kind of system we are studying, we can save a lot of timeand energy by using the appropriate theory about the system s responsiveness. http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~david/linear-systems/linear-systems.html

Linear Systems Theory Professor David Heeger Characterizing the complete input-output properties of a system by exhaustive measurement is usually impossible. When a system qualifies as a linear system , it is possible to use the responses to a small set of inputs to predict the response to any possible input. This can save the scientist enormous amounts of work, and makes it possible to characterize the system completely. These notes explain the following ideas related to linear systems theory: The challenge of characterizing a complex systems Simple linear systems Homogeneity Additivity Superposition Shift-invariance Decomposing a signal into a set of shifted and scaled impulses The impulse response function Use of sinusoids in analyzing shift-invariant linear systems Decomposing stimuli into sinusoids via Fourier Series Characterizing a shift-invariant system using sinusoids Examples Stereo Swinging pendulum Systems, Inputs, and Responses Step one is to understand how to represent possible inputs to systems. Imagine a picture that shows the structure of the physical stimulus reaching your ear. On the horizontal axis we have time, and on the vertical axis we will plot the instantaneous density of the air molecules at your ear. Thus, we plot signal strength as a function of time. In the case of a simple hand-clap, the disturbance is a short, transient burst and is aptly named an impulse . It looks like a single upwards blip on the graph: the sound pressure momentarily increases when the clap hits your ear. More complex sounds look like more complex graphs on this kind of plot. This sort of graph offers a general way to describe all of the possible auditory stimuli.

78. Grand Unified Theory - New Proposals For The Structure Of Spacetime The Grand Unified theory Mu27, with its system of stem cells that contain its ownintrinsic geometrodynamic spacetime coordinate system, inevitable from the http://members.tripod.com/stemy27/

GRAND UNIFIED THEORY MU-27 Alexander Esih Muvrin INTRODUCTION "Natural science does not simply describe and explain nature; it is a part of the interplay between nature and ourselves; it describes nature as exposed to our method of questioning." Werner Heisenberg in Physics and Philosophy, 1958 We offer evidence that our revolutionary discoveries present a significant contribution towards resolving some of the current difficulties of grand-unification research, such as the questions regarding the fundamental structure of our universe, its origin, evolution and its age; the reconciliation of the mathematical concept of continuum and limitless continuity with the concept of spacetime; the concept of an acausal connection active in the spacetime continuum, where according to Carl Gustav Jung and Wolfgang Pauli, "our primary mathematical intuitions could be arranged before we become conscious of them" with the number being primordial, pre-existent to our consciousness (in quantum mechanics there are effects such as quantum tunneling, radioactive decay of an atom and the probability function collapse that might be considered acausal); the essence of the material body, that is extension itself and its universal non-local connections;

79. Welcome To The SMC Society - Officers Fields of Interest are Integration of the Theories of Communication, Control, Cybernetics, Stochastics, Optimization and system Structure towards the Formulation of a General theory of systems, Technology and Application of the Above to the Analysis and Design of Biological, Ecological, SocioEconomic, Social Service, Computer Information, and Operational Man-Machine systems. http://www.isye.gatech.edu/ieee-smc/

Home Contact Search Site Map ... Help Fields of Interest: General Integration of the theories of communication, control, cybernetics, stochastics, optimization, and system structure towards the formulation of a general theory of systems development of systems engineering technology including problem definition methods, modeling, and simulation, methods of system experimentation, human factors engineering, data and methods, systems design techniques and test and evaluation methods application of the above at both hardware and software levels to the analysis and design of biological, ecological, socio-economic, social service, computer information, and operational man-machine systems Areas of Interest Large scale systems, theory and applications

80. BehaveNet® Clinical Capsule™: System/systems Theory The premises of systems theory are based on the insight that a system as a wholeis qualitatively different, and behaves differently, from the sum of the http://www.behavenet.com/capsules/treatments/famsys/systems.htm

BehaveNet family psychotherapy system/systems theory The most general definition of system [Greek systema, a composite thing] is the ordered composition of (material or mental) elements into a unified whole. The various fields of systems research concentrate on differing aspects or perspectives of the elements and systems . General systems theory , like cybernetics , concerns itself with the functions and structural rules valid for all systems , irrespective of their material constitution. The premises of systems theory are based on the insight that a system as a whole is qualitatively different, and "behaves" differently, from the sum of the system's individual elements. In the framework of family therapy, the application of the term " system " is identical to its application in the field of cybernetics. This concept takes account of system features like feedback , the processing and storage of information adaptability , the ability for self-organization , and the development of strategies for the system's own behavior.*

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