101. AN INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY AN INTRODUCTION TO probability. probability ACTIVITIES Page AuthorJim Albert (c) albert@bayes.bgsu.edu Document http//wwwmath http://www-math.bgsu.edu/~albert/m115/probability/outline.html

AN INTRODUCTION TO PROBABILITY What is a probability? the relative frequency view the subjective view Measuring probabilities by means of a calibration experiment ... PROBABILITY ACTIVITIES Page Author: Jim Albert (c) albert@bayes.bgsu.edu Document: http://www-math.bgsu.edu/~albert/m115/probability/outline.html Last Modified: November 24, 1996

102. James Propp Home Page University of Wisconsin at Madison. Combinatorics, game theory, probability theory and dynamical systems. Preprint and teaching material. http://www.math.wisc.edu/~propp/

James Propp Office: 813 Van Vleck Phone: 608-263-5148 Office/cafe hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:50-11:50 a.m. in 813 Van Vleck and Tuesdays, 2:00-3:00 p.m. at State Street Steep and Brew. Also available by appointment. Email: propp@math.wisc.edu (don't use these words in your "Subject:" line, or my spam-filter will discard your message!) I am an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Wisconsin at Madison . To see some articles by members of the department, click here My research interests are in combinatorics, probability, and dynamical systems. Preprints and reprints of many of my articles are available on-line, as are slides from some of my talks. You can look at my resume (last updated August 2002) as either a Postscript file or pdf file to find out more about what I do, and you can look at my most recent grant proposal (entitled "Integrable Recurrence Relations and Combinatorics") to find out (some of) what I want to do next. Also available is software related to my interest in the "vant" (a cellular automaton invented by Chris Langton) and its variants, and my interest in enumeration of tilings. I am currently teaching Math 475 (Introduction to Combinatorics, Spring 2004).

103. Probability - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia probability. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The word probability derivesfrom the Latin probare (to prove, or to test). Formalization of probability. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability

Probability From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The word probability derives from the Latin probare (to prove, or to test). Informally, probable is one of several words applied to uncertain events or knowledge, being more or less interchangeable with likely risky hazardous uncertain , and doubtful , depending on the context. Chance odds , and bet are other words expressing similar notions. As with the theory of mechanics which assigns precise definitions to such everyday terms as work and force , so the theory of probability attempts to quantify the notion of probable Table of contents 1 Historical remarks 2 Concepts 3 Formalization of probability 3.1 Representation and interpretation of probability values ... edit Historical remarks Probability theory, as applied to observations, was largely a nineteenth century development Gambling shows that there has been an interest in quantifying the ideas of probability for millennia, but exact mathematical descriptions of use in these types of problems only arose much later. The doctrine of probabilities dates as far back as Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal Christiaan Huygens (1657) gave the first scientific treatment of the subject.

104. Bayesian Probability - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Theory of probability and Its Applications Theory of probability and Its Applications. Edited by Will Klump. Theoryof probability and Its Applications is a translation of the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_probability

Bayesian probability From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Bayesianism is the philosophical tenet that the mathematical theory of probability applies to the degree of plausibility of statements, or to the degree of belief of rational agents in the truth of statements; when used with Bayes theorem , it then becomes Bayesian inference . This is in contrast to frequentism , which rejects degree-of-belief interpretations of mathematical probability, and assigns probabilities only to random events according to their relative frequencies of occurrence. The Bayesian interpretation of probability allows probabilities assigned to random events, but also allows the assignment of probabilities to any other kind of statement. Whereas a frequentist and a Bayesian might both assign probability 1/2 to the event of getting a head when a coin is tossed, a Bayesian might assign probability 1/1000 to personal belief in the proposition that there was life on Mars a billion years ago, without intending to assert anything about any relative frequency. Table of contents 1 History of Bayesian probability 2 Varieties of Bayesian probability 3 Bayesian and frequentist probability 4 Applications of Bayesian probability ... edit History of Bayesian probability "Bayesian" probability is named after Thomas Bayes , who proved a special case of what is called Bayes' theorem . (However, the term "Bayesian" came into use only around

105. Index.gif Caracas, Venezuela; 1417 January 2002. http://iwap2002.eventos.usb.ve/

106. Probability Chapter 4 probability. Other Sites. Contents. Analysis Tools Binomialprobabilities by B. Narasimhan Instructional Demos Normal approximation http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lane/hyperstat/probability.html

Chapter 4: Probability Other Sites Contents Analysis Tools Binomial probabilities by B. Narasimhan Instructional Demos Normal approximation to binomial by David Lane Bayes' theorem by John Pezzullo Lets make a deal game by Webster West Lets make a deal game by Stat Dept, U. of Illinois Binomial distribution by B. Narasimhan Binomial distribution by Berrie Zielman Normal approximation to binomial by Keith Dear Normal approximation to the binomial by Berrie Zeilman Dice rolling simulation by Charles Stanton Hypergeometric distribution by Charles Stanton Poisson distribution by Charles Stanton Text Introduction to probability probability distributions independence and tree models conditional probability ... Binomial distribution by Keith Dear Probability More probability by P. B. Stark Probability discrete distributions by H. J. Newton, J. H. Carroll, N. Wang, and D. Whiting

107. Math Tutor online math tutor and science tutor for school age children - Place values to probability, geometry, ratios, percentages, fractions and measurements, solar system, weather and human body http://www.infomath.com/html/online-tutor.asp

Special Partner Offers Advertisement User Status: Please Log-In User name: Password: Try US Map and States Math Tutor 1 Demo Math Tutor 3 Demo Math Tutor 5 Site License Demo Pre-Calculus Demo New User Subscription: Price: $10 / Month or $100 / Year Math Tutor 1 Math Tutor 3 Math Tutor 5 Pre-algebra Algebra Pre-Calculus Glossary and Tools Multiplication Tables, Units, Conversions, Statistics tools, Flash Cards .... ) Home Work Help Request Site License Math Tutor 1 ( Grades k - 1 ) Math Tutor 3 ( Grades 2 - 3 ) Math Tutor 5 ( Grades 4 - 6 ) Pre - Algebra ( Grade 7 ) Algebra ( Grade 8 ) Pre - Calculus ( Grades 10, 11 ) Price: 20 User License - $1,600 / Yr 30 User License - $2,400 / Yr 40 User License - $3,200 / Yr 50 User License - $4,000 / Yr Includes: Management Accounts, Teacher Accounts, Student Information

108. MathPages: Probability And Statistics probability and Statistics. Evaluating Probabilities of Boolean EventsThe Gambler s Ruin Area Under the Bell Curve Poisson Processes http://www.mathpages.com/home/iprobabi.htm

Probability and Statistics Evaluating Probabilities of Boolean Events The Gambler's Ruin Area Under the Bell Curve Poisson Processes and Queues ... Math Pages Main Menu

109. Homepage Of Sebastien Roch - Page Personnelle De Sébastien Roch Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal. Research interests combinatorial optimization, approximation algorithms, graph theory, mathematical programming, probability. http://www.gerad.ca/~sroch

I moved to California. My new page is here

110. Website Has Moved A probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizessome form of random selection. In order to have a random selection http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/sampprob.htm

The Web Center for Social Research Methods has moved to www.socialresearchmethods.net Please revise any links to the former addresses: http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/ http://trochim.cornell.edu/ to the new address: www.socialresearchmethods.net Any pages on the old sites are now located at the identical address on the new domain. For instance, the page http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/sampling.htm will now be found at: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampling.htm This move to the new web address should enable a more stable and sustainable web address for the current and future content. Please also note that the Research Methods Knowledge Base, a complete online textbook, has moved as well to this new address. The new home page for the RMKB is now: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/index.htm I apologize for any difficulties or inconveniences involved in this transition. If you have any questions, suggestions or concerns, please feel free to contact me directly at wmt1@cornell.edu

111. A NEW SOLUTION FOR THE PROBABILITY OF COMPLETING SETS IN RANDOM SAMPLING: DEFINI In finding a new solution to a classic probability problem concerning the collection of items in a set, a new and useful recursive function has been found, the twodimensional factorial. http://www.jefflindsay.com/2dfactorial.shtml

The "Two-Dimensional Factorial" and a New Solution for the Probability of Completing Sets in Random Sampling Jeffrey D. Lindsay (This is a Web adaptation of a paper that I published while I was an Associate Professor at the Institute of Paper Science and Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Original reference: J.D. Lindsay, "A New Solution for the Probability of Completing Sets in Random Sampling: Definition of the 'Two-Dimensional Factorial'," The Mathematical Scientist Abstract In developing an improved solution to a classical sampling problem, a new recursive function is obtained which can be termed a "two-dimensional factorial." The sampling problem deals with the probability of completing a subset of unique items when randomly sampled with replacement from a finite population. The two-dimensional factorial is partially tabulated, and several of its properties are investigated, including limits for large numbers. Use of this function offers significant computational advantages over the previous classical solution to the probability problem considered here. The function is not known to have been discovered in previous work. Introduction A classical sampling problem in probability theory deals with the likelihood of collecting a set of items by randomly sampling a population (Feller, 1950, pp. 51-66). A simple example can be found in the collection of sets of promotional items offered inside cereal boxes or other consumable goods. The items are presumably randomly and uniformly distributed, and remain unidentified until the package has been opened. For instance, the makers of one cereal brand offered miniature license plates from all 50 states with one plate per box. If I want to collect all 50, how many boxes should I plan to purchase to be 95% confident that the set will be completed? A less ambitious consumer may simply want to know the probability that at least 10 different plates will be obtained by purchasing 12 boxes. Related questions may be found in sampling problems in scientific studies.

112. Box Models Simulating probability Situations Using Box Models. Read the bar chart to answerthe following questions What is the theoretical probability for heads? http://illuminations.nctm.org/imath/6-8/BoxModel/

Pre-K - 2 Across Lessons SWRs Tools i-Maths Inquiry Search Standards Contact Us Home i-Math Investigation / 6 - 8 PC Mac Help Simulating Probability Situations Using Box Models The interactive tool in this i-Math investigation is a "box model" that allows students to explore the relationship between theoretical and experimental probabilities. A "box model" is a statistical device that can be used to simulate standard probability experiments such as flipping a coin or rolling a die. To use the " box model ": To Enter Data: Click on the number pad to enter numbered tickets into the box. To Randomly Draw Tickets: Click on the Start button to randomly draw tickets from this box (with replacement) and view, in real time, the experimental probability of drawing a given ticket. To Pause the Drawing: When you press the Pause button the "box model" pauses drawing. You can then click on any bar in the bar chart to display the current relative frequency. In pause mode, you are also able to scroll through the sample of the numbers drawn thus

113. IMI. 8th Vilnius Conf. 8th International Vilnius Meeting. Vilnius, Lithuania; 2329 June 2002. http://www.science.mii.lt/vilconf8/Default.htm

The 8th International VILNIUS CONFERENCE on PROBABILITY THEORY and MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS June 23-29, 2002 VILNIUS LITHUANIA For three decades the International Vilnius Meetings on Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics have provided an important event for our science. The meeting will follow the well established pattern of Vilnius Conferences with a few plenary talks and sessions on important subfields. The conference will provide a forum for the international exchange of knowledge among scientists and give an impulse for international relations between participants, statistical societies and other official and non-official organizations. Honorary Patron of the Conference - President of the Republic of Lithuania Valdas ADAMKUS The Conference is supported by the government of the Republic of Lithuania. The Conference is being organized under the auspicies of the International Statistical Institute Contents of Information Honorary Organizing Committee Organizing Institutions Programme Committee Organizing Committee ... List of participants Foto exhibition: Room 1. Sessions

114. Interactive Mathematics Activities More than 320 Java applets help illustrate topics in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, mathmagic, optical illusions, probability, calculus, combinatorics http://www.cut-the-knot.com/Curriculum/

CTK Exchange Front Page Movie shortcuts Personal info ... Recommend this site Interactive Mathematics Activities Memory and Matching Match answers Memory - Easy Memory - Medium Memory - Hard Arithmetic 2 Pails Puzzle 3 Jugs Puzzle 3 Jugs Puzzle in Barycentric Coordinates Abacus in Various Number Systems ... Two Simple Equations Algebra Binary Color Device Breaking Chocolate Bars Candy Game: Integer Iterations on a Circle Chebyshev polynomials ... Heads and Tails counting, invariance Identities in the Multiplication Table Integer Iterations on a Circle II superposition principle Interest Calculations Letter Count in a Sentence Logistic Model Mean Values ... Merlin's Magic Squares modular arithmetic, boolean and linear algebra Minimax Principle Modular Arithmetic Parrondo Paradox Via Simpson Paradox Plus or Minus parity, invariance PolygonalNumbers Pythagorean Triples Self-documenting Sentences Simpson Paradox ... Squares and Circles parity, invariance Squares, Circles, and Triangles modular arithmetic, invariance Sum of Consecutive Integers is Triangular Sum of Consecutive Odd Numbers is Square Sum of Consecutive Triangular Numbers is Square Toads And Frogs Puzzle counting, logic, problem solving What's next?

115. Probability -- From MathWorld probability. probability is the branch of 0 and 100%. The analysis ofevents governed by probability is called statistics. There are http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Probability.html

INDEX Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Alphabetical Index ABOUT THIS SITE About MathWorld About the Author DESTINATIONS What's New MathWorld Headline News Random Entry ... Live 3D Graphics CONTACT Email Comments Contribute! Sign the Guestbook MATHWORLD - IN PRINT Order book from Amazon Probability and Statistics Probability Probability Probability is the branch of mathematics which studies the possible outcomes of given events together with their relative likelihoods and distributions. In common usage, the word "probability" is used to mean the chance that a particular event (or set of events) will occur expressed on a linear scale from (impossibility) to 1 (certainty), also expressed as a percentage between and 100%. The analysis of events governed by probability is called statistics There are several competing interpretations of the actual "meaning" of probabilities. Frequentists view probability simply as a measure of the frequency of outcomes (the more conventional interpretation), while Bayesians treat probability more subjectively as a statistical procedure which endeavors to estimate parameters of an underlying distribution based on the observed distribution.

116. Probability Theory In Linguistics Workshop held in Washington, DC, by the Linguistic Society of America, covering probabilistic approaches to a number of subfields. Handouts available in PDF format. http://turing.wins.uva.nl/~rens/lsa.html

Probability Theory in Linguistics Handouts of the LSA-2001 Symposium Linguistic Society of America, Washington D.C., January 6th 2001 Organized by Rens Bod Jennifer Hay and Stefanie Jannedy Introduction to Probability Theory in Linguistics by Rens Bod Probabilistic Approaches to Acquisition by Michael Brent Probabilistic Approaches to Phonology by Janet Pierrehumbert Probabilistic Approaches to Morphology by Harald Baayen Probabilistic Approaches to Syntax by Christopher Manning

117. Electr. J. Prob. - Electr. Comm. Prob. Translate this page Please go to the plain version of the home page of the. Electronic Journalof probability. and. Electronic Communications in probability. http://www.emis.de/journals/EJP-ECP/

Your browser does not seem to support frames. Please go to the plain version of the home page of the Electronic Journal of Probability and Electronic Communications in Probability

118. Stats: Introduction To Probability Stats Introduction to probability. Sample Spaces. A sample space is the set ofall possible outcomes. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Classicalprobability. http://www.richland.cc.il.us/james/lecture/m170/ch05-int.html

Stats: Introduction to Probability Sample Spaces A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes. However, some sample spaces are better than others. When writing the sample space, it is highly desirable to have events which are equally likely. First Die Second Die Classical Probability The above table lends itself to describing data another way using a probability distribution. Let's consider the frequency distribution for the above sums. Sum Frequency Relative Frequency If just the first and last columns were written, we would have a probability distribution. The relative frequency of a frequency distribution is the probability of the event occurring. This is only true, however, if the events are equally likely. This gives us the formula for classical probability. The probability of an event occurring is the number in the event divided by the number in the sample space. Again, this is only true when the events are equally likely. A classical probability is the relative frequency of each event in the sample space when each event is equally likely. P(E) = n(E) / n(S) Empirical Probability Empirical probability is based on observation. The empirical probability of an event is the relative frequency of a frequency distribution based upon observation.

119. EYSM 2001 - The 12th European Young Statisticians Meeting The 12th EYSM, Liptovsky Jan, Slovakia, September 4th 8th, 2001. Organizer Department of probability and Statistics, Comenius University, Bratislava. http://www.uniba.sk/~ktpms/eysm/

12th European Young Statisticians Meeting September 4th - 8th, 2001 Slovakia Organized by Department of Probability and Statistics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Comenius University Bratislava The European Young Statisticians Meetings are conferences organized every two years and patronized by the European Regional Committee of Bernoulli Society Description of pages Title Page : This page Organizers : Organizing committees, guidelines for the organization Participants : Growing list of the 12th EYSM participants Contributions : Instructions for abstracts and talks Programme : Scientific and social programme Location Meeting Costs : Conference costs and fees Sponsors : List of conference sponsors

120. Index Of /jmordigal Online and private tutoring with algebra, geometry, trigonometry, business Math, calculus, probability, statistics and test preparation. Includes list of services, resource links and contact information. Inperson tutoring in Danbury or Waterbury, Connecticut area. http://www.geocities.com/jmordigal

Index of /jmordigal Name Last modified Size Description ... Parent Directory 08-May-2004 18:26 -

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