121. Sitter Mathematician who studied solution to general relativity and developed DeSitter space http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sitter.html

Willem de Sitter Born: 6 May 1872 in Sneek, Netherlands Died: 20 Nov 1934 in Leiden, Netherlands Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Willem De Sitter studied mathematics at Groningen and then joined the Groningen astronomical laboratory. He worked at the Cape Observatory in South Africa (1897-99) then, in 1908, de Sitter was appointed to the chair of astronomy at Leiden. From 1919 he was director of the Leiden Observatory. In 1913 de Sitter produced an argument based on observations of double star systems which proved that the velocity of light was independent of the velocity of the source. It put to rest attempts which had been made up until this time to find emission theories of light which depended on the velocity of the source but were not in conflict with experimental evidence. De Sitter corresponded with Ehrenfest in 1916, and he proposed that a four- dimensional space- time would fit in with cosmological models based on general relativity. He published a series of papers (1916-17) on the astronomical consequences of Einstein 's general theory of relativity. He found solutions to

122. General Relativity PHYS*4920. general relativity. Department of Physics University of Guelph. Instructor Schedule Textbook Additional references Grading http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/poisson/gr/gr.html

PHYS*4920 General Relativity Department of Physics University of Guelph Instructor Schedule ... About the icon Pages last updated: January 2, 2003 by Eric Poisson

123. Rotating Universes And Time Traveling Thesis, Mach's principle, Einstein's general relativity, equation and diagram. http://www.ettnet.se/~egils/essay/essay.html

Rotating Universes and Time Traveling by Egils Sviestins e-mail: egils@ettnet.se August 1996 Keywords Index Introduction What's a Rotating Universe? Mach's Principle Einstein's General Relativity ... References Introduction A title like 'Rotating Universes and Time Traveling' is certainly enough for some people to consider me a mad scientist or an incurable geek. Maybe they are right, I don't know. In any case, my Ph.D. thesis [1] deals with these subjects, particularly the rotation part. I believe there are some people on the Net who may be interested in this stuff. That's why I decided to write this article, largely based on my thesis, and put it online. I should mention that I left the research in 1984, and there may be some development in this area that I'm not aware of. I would be grateful if some reader could notify me in that case. The article begins with explaining what is meant by a rotating universe. Experience has shown that this is a very difficult concept. But as it is, Einstein's General Relativity theory does allow for rotating universes: There are such explicit mathematical solutions. Some of the rotating universes also turn out to have the shocking property that they allow (in theory) for traveling backwards in time, although the connection with rotation is not clear. What's a Rotating Universe?

124. The Foundation Of The General Theory (1 To 3, Of 22, 1916) now show that we must put it aside and replace it by a more general view, in order to be able to carry through the postulate of general relativity, if the http://home8.swipnet.se/~w-80790/Works/Einstein.htm

125. Time Travel - Fact Or Fiction? The science fiction paradigm, conservation laws, general relativity, paradoxes, tachyons and graphs. http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/GR/time_travel.html

[Physics FAQ] Updated 1994; Original by Jon J. Thaler. Time Travel - Fact or Fiction? We define time travel to mean departure from a certain place and time followed (from the traveller's point of view) by arrival at the same place at an earlier (from the sedentary observer's point of view) time. Time travel paradoxes arise from the fact that departure occurs after arrival according to one observer and before arrival according to another. In the terminology of special relativity time travel implies that the timelike ordering of events is not invariant. This violates our intuitive notions of causality. However, intuition is not an infallible guide, so we must be careful. Is time travel really impossible, or is it merely another phenomenon where "impossible" means "nature is weirder than we think?" The answer is more interesting than you might think. The Science Fiction Paradigm The B-movie image of the intrepid chrononaut climbing into his time machine and watching the clock outside spin backwards while those outside the time machine watch the him revert to callow youth is, according to current theory, impossible. In current theory, the arrow of time flows in only one direction at any particular place. If this were not true, then one could not impose a 4-dimensional co-ordinate system on space-time, and many nasty consequences would result. Nevertheless, there is a scenario which is not ruled out by present knowledge. This usually requires an unusual spacetime topology (due to wormholes or strings in general relativity) which has not yet seen, but which may be possible. In this scenario the universe is well behaved in every local region; only by exploring the global properties does one discover time travel.

126. General Relativity Theory Group Research Areas Classical Gravity. Numerical general relativity. Quantum Gravity. Early Universe Quantum Processes. Quantum Field Theory. Condensed Matter Analogs. http://www.physics.umd.edu/rgroups/grt.html

In the past, the Maryland Relativity Theory Group has participated in many developments in cosmology, blackhole physics and relativitistic astrophysics that have generated today's widespread interest in relativity. At present, the group feels the most promising directions for new research are those that will also bring relativity and elementary particle physics closer together. Personnel Dieter Brill, Professor Bei-Lok Hu, Professor Ted Jacobson, Professor Charles Misner, Professor Emeritus Research Areas: Classical Gravity Numerical General Relativity Quantum Gravity Early Universe Quantum Processes Quantum Field Theory Condensed Matter Analogs Research Group Website: http://www.physics.umd.edu/grt/ Physics Department, University of Maryland,College Park, MD 20742-4111 Phone: 301.405.3401 Fax: 301.314.9525

127. Quantum Mechanics Versus General Relativity Quantum Mechanics versus general relativity. The classical hypothesis of Einstein was general relativity is more fundamental than Quantum theory. http://www.berlinet.de/schmelzer/PG/QMvsGR.html

Quantum Mechanics versus General Relativity Which of these two theories is the more fundamental theory? The classical hypothesis of Einstein was: General Relativity is more fundamental than Quantum theory The majority of attempts to create a quantum gravity has been based on this assumption. In our concept for the quantization of gravity we propose here the reverse principle: Principle of the Priority of Quantum Mechanics The principle of the Priority of Quantum Mechanics is: Quantum theory is more fundamental than General Relativity. Our scheme of quantization may be described as a natural consequence of the application of this principle. Argumentation There are a lot of arguments for this point of view. Until now, we have already had some contradictions between the principles of GR and QM where the question was solved by experiment or theoretical considerations. In every case the winner of the competition seems to be QM: The general question if quantization of gravity is necessary Bell's theorem Superluminal tunneling speed After Einstein, the basic principles of QM have been better understood. Remember only Path integral formulations.

128. General Relativity - Wikibooks general relativity. From Wikibooks, the free textbook project. Differentiable manifolds; Differential geometry Vector bundles; Tangent and cotangent bundles; http://wikibooks.org/wiki/General_relativity

General relativity From Wikibooks, the free textbook project. Differentiable manifolds Differential geometry Vector bundles Tangent and cotangent bundles ... Singularity theorems Views Module Discussion Edit History Personal tools Log in Navigation Wikibooks portal Wikiversity Study help desk Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Special pages This page was last modified 20:29, 14 Nov 2003. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License About Wikibooks

129. New Observations Of Black Holes Confirm General Relativity Sir Isaac Newton (right) could never have dreamed of the beauty and complexity of general relativity developed by Einstein (left), much less our ability to http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast06nov97_1.htm

Einstein was right...again!!! Satellite observations of Black Holes confirm frame-dragging effect 80 years after prediction November 6, 1997: T he next time you feel like you're barely dragging along, blame relativity. You'll be stretching the point, but it appears that Einstein was right: space and time get pulled out of shape near a rotating body. Einstein predicted the effect, called ``frame dragging,'' 80 years ago. Like many other aspects of Einstein's famous theories of relativity, it's so subtle that no conventional method could measure it. Using recent observations by X-ray astronomy satellites, including NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer , a team of astronomers is announcing that they see evidence of frame dragging in disks of gas swirling around a black hole. The discovery will be announced today at a meeting of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the American Astronomical Society in Estes Park, Colo., by Dr. Wei Cui of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his colleagues, Dr. Nan Zhang

130. General Relativity general relativity. The two theories relativity is necessary. This section will give an overview of the basic ingredients of general relativity. http://www.nikhef.nl/~henkjan/astro/node13.html

Next: Geodesics Up: astro Previous: Bibliography Contents General Relativity General Relativity by Kenyon [ ] and Principles of Physical Cosmology by Peebles [ ] have been closely followed. The book of Kenyon gives a very practical overview and contains information on many tests of general relativity, as well as descriptions of topics not covered here (gravitational waves, rotating black holes, etc.). The book of Peebles gives a more formal treatment of general relativity, and is centered on applications in cosmology. General relativity is a geometrical theory; whereas in the electroweak and strong interaction a quantum field in spacetime acts upon the particle fields, the spacetime itself is curved in the description of gravity in general relativity. This may lead to conceptual problems when one wants to construct a quantum theory of gravity; it implies a granular structure of spacetime itself. Presently, no quantum theory of gravity exists; the mathematical complexities of a theory with spin-2 gravitons as carriers of a gravitational field are too involved. However, we will ignore these issues, keeping in mind that general relativity is expected to break down at the Plank scale (about 10 m). First we will recall the fact that coordinate labels

131. Australasian Relativity Conference Second Australasian Conference on general relativity and Gravitation. July 611 1998 Universtity Of Sydney, Australia Sydney Register http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au:8000/u/ACGRG2/

Second Australasian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation July 6-11 1998 Universtity Of Sydney, Australia visitors since 12 September 1997 Welcome Welcome to the home page for the Second Australasian Conference on Relativity and Gravitation. The conference aims to bring together researchers in general relativity and related fields to discuss new findings, make contacts and consolidate ideas. Participants are invited from around the world and the proceedings will later be refereed and published. The conference program and abstracts are now available. Our confirmed speakers include Ted Jacobson Paul Steinhardt George Ellis Brandon Carter Robert Bartnik David Blair Malcolm Anderson Paul Francis John Sandeman Ted Fackerell and David Wiltshire Please register by May 30. (Visitors to Australia should also note that the 22nd International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics is being held the following week (13-18 July) in Tasmania.) You may also wish to peruse the home page of the Australasian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation SCIENTIFIC SCHEDULE: Talks of general interest will be given in plenary morning sessions, from Monday to Friday inclusive. More specialised talks will be given in parallel Theory/Experiment sessions on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday afternoons.

132. International Society On General  Relativity GR16, International Society on general relativity Gravitation. 16th International Conference 15 21 July 2001, Durban, South Africa http//www.gr16.nu.ac.za. http://www.gr16.nu.ac.za/

International Society on General Relativity 16th International Conference 15 - 21 July 2001, Durban, South Africa http://www.gr16.nu.ac.za First Circular Second Circular Programme Update Registration ... Transportation The Sixteenth meeting of the International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (GR16) will be held from 15 - 21 July, 2001 at the International Convention Centre, Durban, South Africa. The main purpose of the triennal GR meetings is to provide a platform to relativists, cosmologists, astrophysicists and mathematicians for exchange of ideas, review of recent developments, planning of future projects and for fostering international interactions in the area of general relativity and gravitation. We wish to bring to your attention that the Amaldi Conference on Gravitional Waves takes place from 8 - 13 July 2001 in Perth, Australia. So it is possible to attend both the GR16 Conference and the Amaldi Conference. Information regarding the Amaldi Conference can be found at: http://www.gravity.uwa.edu.au/amaldi/amaldi.htm

133. Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: The Special And General Theory teachers with the publication of relativity The Special and general Theory, Einsteins own popular The Experimental Confirmation of the general Theory of relativity. Bibliography http://www.bartleby.com/173

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Nonfiction Albert Einstein Who would imagine that this simple law [constancy of the velocity of light] has plunged the conscientiously thoughtful physicist into the greatest intellectual difficulties? Chap. VII

134. Relativity PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY Forum devoted to discussing the Einstein's special and general theories of relativity. http://astronomyphysics.com/list.php?f=33

135. Scott Watson's Physics FAQs A list of FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) regarding Cosmology, String theory, relativity and general Physics http://www.het.brown.edu/people/watson/pages/resources.htm

136. Kluwer Academic Publishers - Celestial Mechanics And Dynamical Astronomy An international journal concerned with the broadest range of dynamical astronomy and its applications, as well as with peripheral fields. The papers published include treatments of the mathematical, physical and computational aspects of planetory theory, lunar theory, general and special perturbation theory, ephemerides, resonance theory, geodesy of the Earth and the planets, dynamics, the 3body problem, the N-body problem, space mechanics, ring systems, galactic dynamics, reference frames, time, relativity, nongravitational forces, computer methods, computer languages for analytical developments, and database management. http://www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/0923-2958

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137. Virtual Trips To Black Holes And Neutron Stars Page s and MPEG movies that take you on exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's general Theory of relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety of levels from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive.(a NASA supported site)...... http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html

Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars by Robert Nemiroff ( Michigan Technological University Ever wonder what it would look like to travel to a black hole? A neutron star? If so, you might find this page interesting. Here you will find descriptions and MPEG movies that take you on such exciting trips. These movies are scientifically accurate computer animations made with strict adherence to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The descriptions are written to be understandable on a variety of levels - from the casually curious to the professionally inquisitive. It is hoped that students from grade school to graduate school will find these virtual trips educational. "A stimulating, relativistically accurate trip!" - Kip Thorne The Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Author of "Black Holes and Time Warps - Einstein's Outrageous Legacy" Earth if compressed to ultracompact density and viewed from the photon sphere. Written Description of Visible Distortion Effects Below is a published paper understandable to undergraduates: "Visual Distortions Near a Black Hole and Neutron Star," Nemiroff, R. J. 1993, American Journal of Physics, 61, 619

138. Gravity Probe B Gravity Probe B is the relativity gyroscope experiment being developed by NASA and Stanford University to test two extraordinary, unverified predictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. http://einstein.stanford.edu/

139. 2001: A Spacetime Odyssey Two theories revolutionized the 20th century view of space and time Einstein's general Theory of relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Their union has spawned elementary particle theories with extra spacetime dimensions, the inflationary model of bigbang cosmology, dark matter in the universe, radiation from quantum black holes and the fuzzy spacetime geometry of superstrings and M-theory. http://www.umich.edu/~mctp/sto2001/

Conference Home Scientific Program Schedule of Talks Students ... MCTP Inaugural Conference of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics May 21-25, 2001 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Two theories revolutionized the 20th century view of space and time: Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Their union has spawned elementary particle theories with extra spacetime dimensions, the inflationary model of big-bang cosmology, dark matter in the universe, radiation from quantum black holes and the fuzzy spacetime geometry of superstrings and M-theory. These developments, derived from the 19th century mathematics of Riemannian geometry and Lie groups, have in their turn inspired new directions in the pure mathematics of topology and knot theory. In view of the mission of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics to provide a venue for interdisciplinary studies in the mathematical sciences, this Inaugural Conference will bring together Astronomers, Cosmologists, Particle Physicists and Mathematicians to share their different perspectives on the 21st century view of spacetime. Invited speakers include: John Bahcall (IAS) Jacob Bekenstein (Jerusalem) Stanley Deser (Brandeis) Paul Frampton (UNC, Chapel Hill)

140. What Is The General Theory Of Relativity? http://www.theory.caltech.edu/people/patricia/greltop.html

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